The Heights, The Elevated Places — Verse 41

Doors of Heaven shall not open for Those Who deny Allah's Ayat, and They shall never enter Paradise Allah said, لاَ تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَبُ السَّمَآءِ (for them the gates of the heavens will not be opened,) meaning, their good deeds and supplication will not ascend through it, according to Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ibn `Abbas, as Al-`Awfi and `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from him. Ath-Thawri narrated that, Layth said that `Ata' narrated this from Ibn `Abbas. It was also said that the meaning here is that the doors of the heavens will not be opened for the disbelievers' souls, according to Ad-Dahhak who reported this from Ibn `Abbas. As-Suddi and several others mentioned this meaning. What further supports this meaning, is the report from Ibn Jarir that Al-Bara' said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned capturing the soul of the `Fajir' (wicked sinner or disbeliever), and that his or her soul will be ascended to heaven. The Prophet said, «فَيَصْعَدُونَ بِهَا، فَلَا تَمُرُّ عَلَى مَلَأٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَّا قَالُوا مَا هَذِهِ الرُّوحُ الْخَبِيثَةُ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: فُلَانٌ بِأَقْبَحِ أَسْمَائِهِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُدْعَى بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى يَنْتَهَوا بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَيَسْتَفْتَحُونَ بَابَهَا لَهُ فَلَا يَفْتَحُ لَه» (So they (angels) ascend it and it will not pass by a gathering of the angels, but they will ask, who's wicked soul is this' They will reply, `The soul of so-and-so,' calling him by the worst names he was called in this life. When they reach the (lower) heaven, they will ask that its door be opened for the soul, but it will not be opened for it.) The Prophet then recited, لاَ تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَبُ السَّمَآءِ (For them the gates of heaven will not be opened). This is a part of a long Hadith which was also recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah. Ibn Jurayj commented on the Ayah, لاَ تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَبُ السَّمَآءِ (for them the gates of heaven will not be opened,) "(The gates of heaven) will not be opened for their deeds or souls." This explanation combines the two meanings we gave above, and Allah knows best. Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ الْجَمَلُ فِى سَمِّ الْخِيَاطِ (and they will not enter Paradise until the Jamal goes through the eye of the needle.) refers to the male camel. Ibn Mas`ud said it is a male camel from the she camel. In another narration it refers to the spouse of the she camel. Mujahid and `Ikrimah said that Ibn `Abbas used to recite this Ayah this way, "Until the Jummal goes through the eye of the needle", whereas `Jummal' is a thick rope. Allah's statement, لَهُم مِّن جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ (Theirs will be Mihad from the Fire) means, beds, while; وَمِن فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ (and over them Ghawash), means, coverings, according to Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi. Similar was said by Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim and As-Suddi. Allah said next, وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الظَّـلِمِينَ (Thus do We recompense the wrongdoers.)

Hell shall be their bed and over them coverings of fire ghawāshin is the plural of ghāshiya and its nunation compensates for the omitted yā’. Thus do We requite the evildoers.

هؤلاء الكفار مخلدون في النار، لهم مِن جهنم فراش مِن تحتهم، ومن فوقهم أغطية تغشاهم. وبمثل هذا العقاب الشديد يعاقب الله تعالى الظالمين الذين تجاوزوا حدوده فكفروا به وعصَوْه.

قوله "لهم من جهنم مهاد" قال محمد بن كعب القرظي "لهم من جهنم مهاد" قال الفرش "ومن فوقهم غواش" قال اللحف وكذا قال الضحاك بن مزاحم والسدي "وكذلك نجزي الظالمين".

ثم بين - سبحانه - ما أعد لهم فى النار فقال : ( لَهُمْ مِّن جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِن فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ وكذلك نَجْزِي الظالمين ) .جهنم : اسم الدار العذاب . والمهاد : الفراش . والغواشى جمع غاشية ، وهى ما يغشى الشىء أى يغطيه ويستره .أى : أن هؤلاء المكذبين لهم نار جهنم تحيط بهم من فوقهم ومن تحتهم ، فهى من تحتهم بمنزلة الفراش ، ومن فوقهم بمثابة الغطاء ، ومثل ذلك الجزاء نجزى كل ظالم ومشرك . وإلى هنا تكون الآيات الكريمة قد بينت لنا بأسلوب مؤثر مصور حال المشركين عندما تقبض أرواحهم ، وحالهم عندما يقفون أمام الله للحساب ، وحالهم عندما يلعن بعضهم بعضا ، وحالهم والعذاب من فوقهم ومن أسفل منهم ، وهى مشاهد تفزع النفوس ، وتحمل العقلاء على الاستقامة والاهتداء .

القول في تأويل قوله : لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (41)قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه: لهؤلاء الذين كذبوا بآياتنا واستكبروا عنها =(من جهنم مهاد).* * *= وهو ما امتهدوه مما يقعد عليه ويضطجع، كالفراش الذي يفرش، والبساط الذي يبسط. (35)* * *=(ومن فوقهم غواش).* * *وهو جمع " غاشية ", وذلك ما غَشَّاهم فغطاهم من فوقهم.* * *وإنما معنى الكلام: لهم من جهنم مهاد من تحتهم فُرُش، ومن فوقهم منها لُحُف, وإنهم بين ذلك.* * *وبنحو ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:14655- حدثنا ابن وكيع قال، حدثنا أبي, عن سفيان, عن موسى بن عبيدة, عن محمد بن كعب: (لهم من جهنم مهاد)، قال: الفراش =(ومن فوقهم غواش)، قال: اللُّحُف14656- حدثنا أبو كريب قال، حدثنا جابر بن نوح, عن أبي روق, عن الضحاك: (لهم من جهنم مهاد ومن فوقهم غواش)، قال: " المهاد "، الفُرُش, و " الغواشي"، اللحف.14657- حدثني محمد بن الحسين قال حدثنا أحمد بن مفضل قال، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي: (لهم من جهنم مهاد ومن فوقهم غواش)، أما " المهاد " كهيئة الفراش = و " الغواشي"، تتغشاهم من فوقهم.* * *وأما قوله (وكذلك نجزي الظالمين)، فإنه يقول: وكذلك نثيب ونكافئ من ظلم نفسه، فأكسبها من غضب الله ما لا قبل لها به بكفره بربه، وتكذيبه أنبياءه. (36)----------------------الهوامش :(35) انظر تفسير (( المهاد )) فيما سلف 4 : 246 /6 : 229 /7 : 494 .(36) انظر تفسير (( الجزاء )) و (( الظلم )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة (جزى ) و ( ظلم ) .

( لهم من جهنم مهاد ) أي : فراش ، ( ومن فوقهم غواش ) أي : لحف ، وهي جمع غاشية ، يعني ما غشاهم وغطاهم ، يريد إحاطة النار بهم من كل جانب ، كما قال الله ، " لهم من فوقهم ظلل من النار ومن تحتهم ظلل " ( الزمر ، 16 ) ، ( وكذلك نجزي المجرمين )

والمِهاد بكسر الميم ما يُمْهَد أي يفرش ، و«غواش» جمع غاشية وهي مَا يغشى الإنسانَ ، أي يغطّيه كاللّحاف ، شبّه ما هو تحتهم من النّار بالمِهاد ، وما هو فوقهم منها بالغواشي ، وذلك كناية عن انتفاء الرّاحة لهم في جهنّم ، فإنّ المرء يحتاج إلى المهاد والغاشية عند اضطجاعه للرّاحة ، فإذا كان مهادهم وغاشيتهم النّار . فقد انتفت راحتهم ، وهذا ذِكر لعذابهم السّوء بعد أن ذكر حِرمانهم من الخير .وقوله : { غَواش } وصف لمقدّر دلّ عليه قوله : { من جهنّم } ، أي ومن فوقهم نيران كالغواشي . وذّيله بقوله : { وكذلك نَجزي الظالمين } ليدلّ على أن سبب ذلك الجزاء بالعقاب : هو الظلمُ . وهو الشّرك . ولمّا كان جزاء الظّالمين قد شبّه بجزاء الذين كذّبوا بالآيات واستكبروا عنها ، علم أنّ هؤلاء المكذّبين من جملة الظّالمين . وهم المقصود الأوّل من هذا التّشبيه ، بحيث صاروا مثلاً لعموم الظالمين ، وبهذين العمومين كان الجملتان تذييلين .وليس في هذه الجملة الثّانية وضع الظّاهر موضع المضمر : لأنّ الوصفين ، وإن كانا صادقين معاً على المكذّبين المشبَّهِ عقابُ أصحاب الوصفين بعقابهم . فوصف المجرمين أعمّ مفهوماً من وصف الظّالمين ، لأنّ الإجرام يشمل التّعطيل والمجوسيّة بخلاف الإشراك . وحقيقة وضع المظهر موقع المضمر إنّما تتقوّم حيث لا يكون للاسم الظّاهر المذكور معنى زائد على معنى الضّمير .

{ لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ ْ} أي: فراش من تحتهم { وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ ْ} أي: ظلل من العذاب، تغشاهم. { وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ ْ} لأنفسهم، جزاء وفاقا، وما ربك بظلام للعبيد.

والمهاد : الفراش . و غواش جمع غاشية ، أي نيران تغشاهم .وكذلك نجزي الظالمين يعني الكفار . والله أعلم .

Why is it that when God’s missionaries give the call to Truth, the egotism of their addressees prevents them from accepting their call? The reason for this is that the call-givers’ sole strength is argument, while the addressee has the support of material glories. The call-giver stands on the basis of argument, while the addressees stand on a tangible material basis. The force of argument is both intangible and invisible. This difference fosters egotism, causing people to consider the call-giver lower in status than themselves and giving them a ‘reason’ to ignore him. The admission of such people to the mercy of God is as impossible as the passing of a camel through the eye of a needle. They ignore God, so God ignores them. God gave them glimpses of Himself through the call-giver; He appeared before them in the form of arguments; but they attached no importance to these signs and refused to bow down before them. How can such people have a share in God’s bounty?

Commentary Mentioned first in the set of verses cited above (35-37) is a pledge taken from every human being in the world of spirits, before being born into the material world. The pledge envisaged that they would, when the prophets of Allah come to them with Divine guidance and injunctions, listen to them in earnest and act accordingly. They were also told that those who abide by the pledge and fulfill what it entails, will have their salvation from sorrows and deserve eternal peace and comfort. And conversely, those who belie prophets or rebel against injunctions they bring shall have the eternal punishment of Jahannam waiting for them. The later set of verses presents what actually happened when different groups of human beings came into the world and started acting differently. Some of them threw the pledge behind their backs and settled to oppose it. Others held to it and acted righteously. The ultimate end of the two groups and the reward and punishment for them has been described in the later four verses (40-43). Mentioned in verses 40 and 41 are deniers and criminals, and in verses 42 and 43, the believers and God-fearing who fulfilled the pledge. In the first verse (40), it was said that those who belied the prophets of Allah and acted arrogantly against Divine guidance and 'Ayat, for them, the gates of heaven will not be opened. Reported in Al-Bahr Al-Muhit is a Tafsir of this verse from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ عنہما which says that the gates of heaven will be opened neither for them, nor for their prayers. It means that their prayer will not be answered and their deeds will be stopped from reaching the place where the deeds of the righteous servants of Allah are kept preserved, the name of which, according to the Qur'an, is: عِلِّيِّينَ (` Illiyyin) (Surah Al-Mutaffifin - 83:18-21). This subject has been referred to in yet another verse of the Qur'an where it is said: إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْ‌فَعُهُ , that is, ` one's good words are taken to Allah Ta` ala and one's good deed carries them' meaning that man's good deeds become the cause of Tayyib Kalimat (good words) reaching Allah Ta` ala. In a narration from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas and other Sahabah ؓ ، the Tafsir of the verse also says that the gates of heaven will not be opened for the spirits of deniers and disbelievers - and these spirits will be thrown down. This subject is supported by a Hadith of Sayyidna Bara' ibn ` Azib ؓ which has been reported in detail by Abu Dawud, Nasa'i, Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad, a summary of which is given below. The Holy Prophet ﷺ went to a Janazah of some Ansari Companion. The grave was not ready yet, so he sat down on an open spot. The Companions ؓ sat around him, silent. He raised his head and said: When the time of death comes for a believing servant of Allah, angels with white, radiant faces come from the heaven with the shroud and fragrance of the heaven and sit down in front of the person to die. Then, comes the angel of death, ‘Izra’ il (علیہ السلام) and he addresses his Ruh (spirit, soul): 0 soul at peace, come out to receive the forgiveness and pleasure of your Rabb. Then, his Ruh comes out of the body, nice and easy, just like water coming out of a leather water-bag when opened. The angel of death receives his Ruh in his hands and entrusts it with the angels sitting there. These angels start moving out with the Ruh of the deceased. Wherever they meet a group of angels on their way, they are asked: Whose sacred Ruh is it? These angels introduce the Ruh of the deceased by his name and title with which he was known as a mark of respect in his life of the world. They tell him who he is, so and so, son of so and so. Then, comes the time when these angels reach the first heaven with the Ruh. They ask for the gate to be opened. The gate is opened. More angels join them from here until they reach as far as the seventh heaven. At that time, Allah Ta` ala says: Write down the record of the deeds of this servant of Mine in the ` Illiyyin and then send him back. The Ruh returns to the grave again. In the grave come angels who keep the account of deeds. They make him sit up, and ask him: ` Who is your Rabb?' and ` what is your religion?' He says: Allah Ta` ala is my Rabb and Islam is my religion. Then, comes the question: This pious person who has been sent for you – who is he? He says: He is the Rasul of Allah Ta` ala. Then comes a heavenly call: My servant is true. Roll out for him the carpet of Jannah. Dress him up in the apparel of Paradise. Open for him the door towards the Jannah. Through the door come the fragrance and breeze of Jannah and his good deed transformed into a handsome presence comes near him to help him become familiar and rested in company. In contrast, when the time of death comes for disbelievers and deniers, angels with dark and terrifying profile come from the heaven carrying a coarse piece of ragged rug and sit down in front of him. Then, the angel of death draws his Ruh out as if it were a thorny branch with wet wool wrapped round it and through it the thorny branch was to be pulled out. When this Ruh comes out, its stench is deadlier than the stench of a spoiled dead animal. The angels start moving out with the Ruh of the deceased. When other angels meet en-route, they ask: Whose evil Ruh is this? The angels tell them the worst of his name and title with which he was known in the world. They tell them that he is so and so, the son of so and so. Until they reach the first heaven and ask for the gate to be opened. The gate is not opened for him. The command comes to keep his record of deeds in Sijjin where the record of the disobedient ones is maintained. His Ruh is thrown away. The Ruh returns to the grave. The angels responsible for account-taking make him sit up. They ask him the same questions they had asked the believer. His answer to every question is nothing but: ھَاہُ ھَاہُ لَا اَدرِی ، I do not know). He is given the bed of Jahannam and the dress of Jahannam. In his grave, a door is opened toward the Jahannam through which he keeps receiving the heat and flames of Jahannam. His grave is made to become straightened on him. We seek the refuge of Allah from it. To sum up, it can be said that the spirits of deniers and disbelievers are taken upto the gate of the heaven. When the door does not open, they are thrown back from there. The verse: لَا تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ (the gates of the heavens will not be opened for them -40) may also mean that it is at the time of death that the gates of the heavens are not opened for them. Towards the end of the verse, it was said: وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّىٰ يَلِجَ الْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ الْخِيَاطِ (and they shall not enter the Paradise unless a camel enters into the eye of a needle). Here, the word: ' يَلِجَ (yalij) is from: وَلوُج (wuluj) which means to enter a narrow opening. Jamal is camel and Samm, the eye of a needle. The translation covers the meaning literally. The sense of the verse is that the camel is a big animal and its entry into the eye of a needle is functionally impossible. So, equally impossible is their entry into Paradise. The purpose is to state that the punishment of Hell for them is everlasting. Then, follow the words which describe the added severity of the punishment in Hell: لَهُم مِّن جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِن فَوْقِهِمْ (For them there is a bed from the Jahannam, and over them there are coverings). The word: مِهَادٌ (mihad) means a place of rest, bed or floor and: غَوَاشٍ (ghawash) is the plural form of: (ghashiyah) which means something which covers. The sense is that for these people to rest, the bed and the top sheet will all come from Hell (an eloquent manner of putting the extreme severity of the punishment in everyday idiom). It will be noticed that at the end of the first verse, which mentions the deprivation from Paradise, it was said: وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (And this is how We recompense the sinners). Then, in the second verse, which describes the punishment of Hell, it was said: وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (And this is how We recompense the transgressors) because it is more severe than the former.

(Theirs will be a bed of hell) a bed of fire, (and over them coverings (of hell). Thus do We requite wrong-doers) the idolaters.