The Morning Hours, The Early Hours, Morning Bright — Verse 8

And did He not find you needy poor and enrich you? and made you content with the spoils and other things which He gave you — in a hadīth it is stated ‘Wealth comes not from the proliferation of transient worldly goods but wealth comes from the contentedness of the soul’.

ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟

وقوله تعالى "ووجدك عائلا فأغنى" أي كنت فقيرا ذا عيال فأغناك الله عمن سواه فجمع له بين مقامي الفقير الصابر والغني الشاكر صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال قتادة في قوله "ألم يجدك يتيما فآوى ووجدك ضالا فهدى ووجدك عائلا فأغنى" قال كانت هذه منازل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل أن يبعثه الله عز وجل. رواه ابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم وفي الصحيحين من طريق عبدالرزاق عن معمر عن همام بن منبه قال هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "ليس الغنى عن كثرة العرض ولكن الغنى غنى النفس" وفي صحيح مسلم عن عبدالله بن عمرو قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "قد أفلح من أسلم ورزق كفافا وقنعه الله بما آتاه".

وقوله - سبحانه - : ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فأغنى ) بيان لنعمة ثالثة من نعمه - تعالى - على نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم .وأصل العائل : الإِنسان الذى له عائلة لا يستطيع الإِنفاق عليها ، ثم أطلق هذا اللفظ على الإِنسان الفقير حتى ولو لم تكن له عائلة أو أسرة ، والفقر يسمى عيلة ، كما فى قوله - تعالى - : ( وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً ) - أى : فقرا - ( فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ الله مِن فَضْلِهِ إِن شَآءَ . . . ) أى : وقد كنت - أيها الرسول الكريم - فقيرا ، حيث مات أبوك دون أن يترك لك مالا كثيرا ، ونشأت فى كنف جدك ثم عمك ، وأنت على هذه الحال ، ثم أغناك الله - تعالى - بفضله وكرمه بنوعين من الغنى :أما أولهما - وهو الأعظم - : فهو غنى النفس ، بأن منحك نفسا عفيفة قانعة بما أعطاك - سبحانه - من رزق ، حتى ولو كان كفافا .وأما ثانيهما : فهو الغنى المادى عن الاحتياج إلى الناس ، بما أجراه على يديك من الربح فى التجارة ، وبما وهبتك زوجك خديجة من مالها ، فعشت مستور الحال ، غير محتاج إلى من ينفق عليك .وهكذا نجد الآيات الكريمة تبين لنا أن من فضل الله - تعالى - على نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه آواه فى يتمه وصغره ، وهداه من ضلاله وحيرته ، وأغناه بعد فقره وحاجته .

وقوله: ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) يقول: ووجدك فقيرا فأغناك، يقال منه: عال فلان يَعيل عَيْلَة، وذلك إذا افتقر؛ ومنه قول الشاعر:فَمَــا يَــدْرِي الفَقِـيرُ مَتـى غنـاهُوَمــا يَــدْرِي الغَنِـيُّ مَتـى يَعِيـلُ (6)يعني: متى يفتقر.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا ) فقيرا.وذُكر أنها في مصحف عبد الله ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَدِيما فآوَى ).حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى * وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا فَهَدَى * وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) قال: كانت هذه منازل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قبل أن يبعثه الله سبحانه وتعالى.

( ووجدك عائلا فأغنى ) أي فقيرا فأغناك بمال خديجة ثم بالغنائم .وقال مقاتل : [ فأرضاك ] بما أعطاك من الرزق . واختاره الفراء . وقال : لم يكن غنيا عن كثرة المال ولكن الله [ أرضاه ] بما آتاه وذلك حقيقة الغنى .أخبرنا حسان بن سعيد المنيعي أنبأنا أبو طاهر محمد بن محمد بن محمش الزيادي ، أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن الحسين القطان ، حدثنا أحمد بن يوسف السلمي ، حدثنا عبد الرزاق أنا معمر عن همام بن منبه أنه قال أخبرنا أبو هريرة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " ليس الغنى عن كثرة العرض ، ولكن الغنى غنى النفس " .أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسين الزغرتاني . أخبرنا أحمد بن سعيد أخبرنا أبو يحيى محمد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا أبي ، حدثني شرحبيل بن شريك عن أبي عبد الرحمن الحبلي عن عبد الله بن عمرو أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " قد أفلح من أسلم ورزق كفافا وقنعه الله بما آتاه " .

وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَى (8) ، وكذلك { ضالاً } و { عائلاً } . والكلام تمثيل لحالة تيسير المنافع لِلذي تعسرت عليه بحالة من وجَد شخصاً في شدة يتطلع إلى من يعينه أو يغيثه .واليتيم : الصبي الذي مات أبوه وقد كان أبو النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم توفي وهو جنين أو في أول المدة من ولادته .والإيواء : مصدر أوَى إلى البيت ، إذا رجع إليه ، فالإيواء : الإِرجاع إلى المسكن ، فهمزته الأولى همزة التعدية ، أي جعله آوياً ، وقد أطلق الإِيواء على الكفالة وكفاية الحاجة مجازاً أو استعارة ، فالمعنى أنشأك على كمال الإِدراك والاستقامة وكنتَ على تربية كاملة مع أن شأن الأيتام أن ينشأوا على نقائص لأنهم لا يجدون من يُعنى بتهذيبهم وتعهدِ أحوالهم الخُلقية . وفي الحديث « أدبني ربي فأحسن تأديبي » فكان تكوين نفسه الزكية على الكمال خيراً من تربية الأبوين .والضّلال : عدم الاهتداء إلى الطريق الموصل إلى مكان مقصود سواء سلك السائر طريقاً آخر يبلغ إلى غير المقصود أم وقف حائراً لا يعرف أيَّ طريق يسلك ، وهو المقصود هنا لأن المعنى : أنك كنت في حيرة من حال أهل الشرك من قومك فأراكه الله غير محمود وكرَّهه إليك ولا تدري ماذا تتبع من الحق ، فإن الله لما أنشأ رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم على ما أراد من إعداده لتلقي الرسالة في الإبان ، ألْهَمَه أن ما عليه قومه من الشرك خطأ وألقى في نفسه طلب الوصول إلى الحق ليتهيأ بذلك لقبول الرسالة عن الله تعالى .وليس المراد بالضلال هنا اتباع الباطل ، فإن الأنبياء معصومون من الإِشراك قبل النبوءة باتفاق علمائنا ، وإنما اختلفوا في عصمتهم من نوع الذنوب الفواحش التي لا تختلف الشرائع في كونها فواحش وبقطع النظر عن التنافي بين اعتبار الفعل فاحشة وبَيْن الخلوّ عن وجود شريعة قبل النبوءة ، فإن المحققين من أصحابنا نزهوهم عن ذلك والمعتزلة منعوا ذلك بناء على اعتبار دليل العقل كافياً في قبح الفواحش عَلَى إرسال كلامهم في ضابط دلالة العقل .ولم يختلف أصحابنا أن نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يصدر منه ما ينافي أصول الدين قبل رسالته ولم يزل علماؤنا يجعلون ما تواتر من حال استقامته ونزاهته عن الرذائل قبل نبوءته دليلاً من جملة الأدلة على رسالته ، بل قد شافَهَ القرآن به المشركين بقوله : { فقد لبثتُ فيكم عمراً من قبله أفلا تعقلون } [ يونس : 16 ] وقوله : { أم لم يعرفوا رسولهم فهم له منكرون } [ المؤمنون : 69 ] ، ولأنه لم يؤثر أن المشركين أفحموا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيما أنكر عليهم من مساوي أعمالهم بأن يقولوا فقد كنت تفعل ذلك معنا .والعائل : الذي لا مال له ، والفقر يسمى عَيْلَة ، قال تعالى : { وإن خفتم عيلة فسوف يغنيكم اللَّه من فضله إن شاء } [ التوبة : 28 ] وقد أغناه الله غناءين : أعظمهما غنى القلب إذ ألقى في قلبه قلة الاهتمام بالدنيا ، وغنى المال حين ألهم خديجة مقارضته في تجارتها .وحذفت مفاعيل { فآوى } ، { فهدى } ، { فأغنى } للعلم بها من ضمائر الخطاب قبلها ، وحدفُها إيجاز ، وفيه رعاية على الفواصل .

{ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا } أي: فقيرًا { فَأَغْنَى } بما فتح الله عليك من البلدان، التي جبيت لك أموالها وخراجها. فالذي أزال عنك هذه النقائص، سيزيل عنك كل نقص، والذي أوصلك إلى الغنى، وآواك ونصرك وهداك، قابل نعمته بالشكران.

قوله تعالى : ووجدك عائلا فأغنىأي فقيرا لا مال لك . فأغنى أي فأغناك بخديجة - رضي الله عنها - يقال : عال الرجل يعيل عيلة : إذا افتقر . وقال أحيحة بن الجلاح :فما يدري الفقير متى غناه وما يدري الغني متى يعيلأي يفتقر . وقال مقاتل : فرضاك بما أعطاك من الرزق . وقال الكلبي : قنعك بالرزق . [ ص: 88 ] وقال ابن عطاء : ووجدك فقير النفس ، فأغنى قلبك . وقال الأخفش : وجدك ذا عيال دليله فأغنى . ومنه قول جرير :الله أنزل في الكتاب فريضة لابن السبيل وللفقير العائلوقيل : وجدك فقيرا من الحجج والبراهين ، فأغناك بها . وقيل : أغناك بما فتح لك من الفتوح ، وأفاءه عليك من أموال الكفار . القشيري : وفي هذا نظر ; لأن السورة مكية ، وإنما فرض الجهاد بالمدينة .وقراءة العامة عائلا . وقرأ ابن السميقع ( عيلا ) بالتشديد مثل طيب وهين .

Man should help the weak so that he may be entitled to God’s grace. His words should be full of the expression of God’s grace, so that God may confer His blessings upon him.

Favour [ 3] وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ (and He found you in need, then made you need-free....93:8). The word ail is derived from ` ailah which means 'to be in need'. The verse signifies that Allah found him impoverished and enriched him. This happened in the beginning through a business partnership with Sayyidah Khadijah al-Kubra ؓ then once she became his wife and 'Mother of the Faithful', her entire wealth was devoted to his service. After elaborating on the three favours of Allah, three injunctions follow:

And he also said: (Did He not find thee) O Muhammad (destitute) poor (and enrich (thee)) with the wealth of Khadijah; and it is also said this means: and made you content with that which He gave you? The Prophet (pbuh) said: " Yes, O Gabriel! "

And did He not find you needy and enrich you?He said:�He found your soul in bewilderment (ḥayrāna), craving (wāliha) for gnosis of Us, in need (faqīra) of it. Then [He] strengthened your spiritual self (nafs al-rūḥ) and enriched it with theQurʾān and wisdom (ḥikma).� Indeed, the Prophet said, �Richness (ghinā) is not having an abundance of possessions; richness is only a richness of the soul.�

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.