Is he not aware that God sees? what has issued from him that is to say He does indeed know it and will requite him for it. In other words ‘Marvel O you being addressed at the way in which he forbids prayer and at the fact that the one being forbidden is actually the one upon guidance bidding to fear of God while the one forbidding is a denier disregarding faith’.
أرأيت أعجب مِن طغيان هذا الرجل (وهو أبو جهل) الذي ينهى عبدًا لنا إذا صلَّى لربه (وهو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم)؟ أرأيت إن كان المنهي عن الصلاة على الهدى فكيف ينهاه؟ أو إن كان آمرًا غيره بالتقوى أينهاه عن ذلك؟ أرأيت إن كذَّب هذا الناهي بما يُدعى إليه، وأعرض عنه، ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى كل ما يفعل؟ ليس الأمر كما يزعم أبو جهل، لئن لم يرجع هذا عن شقاقه وأذاه لنأخذنَّ بمقدَّم رأسه أخذًا عنيفًا، ويُطرح في النار، ناصيته ناصية كاذبة في مقالها، خاطئة في أفعالها. فليُحْضِر هذا الطاغية أهل ناديه الذين يستنصر بهم، سندعو ملائكة العذاب. ليس الأمر على ما يظن أبو جهل، إنه لن ينالك -أيها الرسول- بسوء، فلا تطعه فيما دعاك إليه مِن تَرْك الصلاة، واسجد لربك واقترب منه بالتحبب إليه بطاعته.
ولهذا قال "ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى" أي أما علم هذا الناهي لهذا المهتدي أن الله يراه ويسمع كلامه وسيجازيه على فعله أتم الجزاء.
قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : فأين جواب الشرط - أى فى قوله - تعالى - : ( أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَانَ على الهدى ) ؟ قلت : هو محذوف تقديره : إن كان على الهدى ، ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى ، وإنما حذف لدلالة ذكره فى جواب الشرط الثانى .فإن قلت : فكيف صح أن يكون " ألم يعلم " جوابا للشرط؟ قلت : كما صح فى قولك : إن أكرمتك أتكرمنى؟ وإن أحسن إليك زيد هل تحسن إليه؟ ..
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَى (14)يقول تعالى ذكره: ألم يعلم أبو جهل إذ ينهى محمدا عن عبادة ربه، والصلاة له، بأن الله يراه فيخاف سطوته وعقابه. وقيل: أرأيت الذي ينهى عبدا إذا صلى، أرأيت إن كان على الهدى، فكررت أرأيت مرات ثلاثًا على البدل. والمعنى: أرأيت الذي ينهى عبدا إذا صلى، وهو مكذب متول عن ربه، ألم يعلم بأن الله يراه.
"ألم يعلم"، يعني أبا جهل، "بأن الله يرى"، ذلك فيجازيه به.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَى (14)وعلى قولهم يتعين تقدير جَواب الشرط بما يدل عليه : { ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى } والتقدير : إن كذب وتولى فالله عالم به ، كناية عن توعده ، وتكون جملة : { ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى } مستأنفة لإِنكار جهل المكذب بأن الله سيعاقبه ، والشرطُ وجوابه سادّان مسدّ المفعول الثاني .وكني بأن الله يرى عن الوعيد بالعقاب .وضمن فعل { يعلم } معنى يوقنْ فلذلك عُدي بالباء .وعلق فعل { أرأيت } هنا عن العمل لوجود الاستفهام في قوله : { ألم يعلم } .والاستفهام إنكاري ، أي كان حقه أن يعلم ذلك ويقي نفسه العقاب .وفي قوله : { إن كذب وتولى } إيذان للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم بأن أبا جهل سيكذبه حين يدعوه إلى الإِسلام وسيتولى ، ووعْد بأن الله ينتصف له منه .وضمير { كذب وتولى } عائد إلى { الذي ينهى عبداً إذا صلى } [ العلق : 9 ، 10 ] ، وقرينة المقام ترجِّع الضمائر إلى مراجعها المختلفة .وحذف مفعول { كذب } لدلالة ما قبله عليه . والتقدير : إن كذبه ، أي العبدَ الذي صلى ، وبذلك انتظمت الجمل الثلاث في نسبة معانيها إلى الذي ينهَى عبداً إذا صلى وإلى العبد الذي صلى ، واندفعت عنك ترددات عرضت في التفاسير .وحُذف مفعول { يرى } ليعمّ كل موجود ، والمراد بالرؤية المسندة إلى الله تعالى تعلق علمه بالمحسوسات .
{ أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَى } ما يعمل ويفعل؟.
ثم يقول : ويله ألم يعلم أبو جهل بأن الله يرى ; أي يراه ويعلم فعله ; فهو تقرير وتوبيخ . وقيل : كل واحد من أرأيت بدل من الأول . و ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى الخبر .
Those who wage aggressive campaigns against Truth or place impediments in the way of those who adopt the path of Truth, are destined to have a miserable fate. In such circumstances, the real prop for a preacher of Truth is his prayers to God. Having been disappointed by people, he should turn to God for fulfilment. He should distance himself from human beings and come close to the God of all humanity and submit to Him.
Verses [ 9-10] أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ (Have you seen him who forbids a slave of Allah when he prays?) From here to the end of the Surah, the verses allude to an incident. When the Holy Prophet was enjoined to perform the salah, he started performing it at first privately, later in public in the Sacred Mosque. Abu Jahl stopped him from performing salah and threatened him that if he were to perform salah and prostrate, he would [ God forbid!] trample his neck. Verse [ 14] أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّـهَ يَرَىٰ (Does he not know that Allah is watching?) is in response to the threat made by Abu Jahl, and the verse does not mention whom He is watching. It is of general application - He is watching the pious personality who is performing the salah, as well as the wretched, miserable person who is obstructing the performance of the salah. Here the statement merely asserts that Allah is watching everything and everyone. It does not specify what will happen at Resurrection, because the horrible, terrible and dreadful scenes of that are unimaginable.
(Is he) Abu Jahl (then unaware that Allah seeth) what he did to the Prophet (pbuh)?
Is he not aware that God sees?He said:Nothing can be behind His back. He is behind all that is behind.His words, Exalted is He:
The Threat against Man's Transgression for the sake of Wealth
Allah informs that man is very pleased, most evil, scornful and transgressive when he considers himself self-sufficient and having an abundance of wealth. Then Allah threatens, warns and admonishes him in His saying,
إِنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَى
(Surely, unto your Lord is the return.) meaning, `unto Allah is the final destination and return, and He will hold you accountable for your wealth, as to where you obtained it from and how did you spend it.'
Scolding of Abu Jahl and the Threat of seizing Him
Then Allah says,
أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِى يَنْهَى - عَبْداً إِذَا صَلَّى
(Have you seen him who prevents. A servant when he prays) This was revealed about Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him. He threatened the Prophet for performing Salah at the Ka`bah. Thus, Allah firstly admonished him with that which was better by saying,
أَرَءَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَى
(Have you seen if he is on the guidance.) meaning, `do you think this man whom you are preventing is upon the straight path in his action, or
أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَى
(Or enjoins Taqwa) in his statements Yet, you rebuke him and threaten him due to his prayer.' Thus, Allah says,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَى
(Knows he not that Allah sees) meaning, doesn't this person who is preventing this man who is following correct guidance know that Allah sees him and hears his words, and He will compensate him in full for what he has done Then Allah says by way of warning and threatening,
كَلاَّ لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ
(Nay! If he ceases not,) meaning, if he does not recant from his discord and obstinacy,
لَنَسْفَعاً بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
(We will scorch his forehead.) meaning, `indeed We will make it extremely black on the Day of Judgement.' Then He says,
نَاصِيَةٍ كَـذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
(A lying, sinful forehead!) meaning, the forehead of Abu Jahl is lying in its statements and sinful in its actions.
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ
(Then let him call upon his council.) meaning, his people and his tribe. In other words, let him call them in order to seek help from them.
سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
(We will call out the guards of Hell!) `And they are the angels of torment. This is so that he may know who will win -- Our group or his group' Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Abu Jahl said, `If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka`bah, I will stomp on his neck.' So this reached the Prophet , who said,
«لَئِنْ فَعَلَ لَأَخَذَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَة»
(If he does, he will be seized by the angels.)" This Hadith was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in their Books of Tafsir. Likewise, it has been recorded by Ibn Jarir. Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir, all recorded it from Ibn `Abbas with the following wording: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying at the Maqam (prayer station of Ibrahim) when Abu Jahl bin Hisham passed by him and said, `O Muhammad! Haven't I prevented you from this' He threatened the Prophet and thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry with him and reprimanded him. Then he said, `O Muhammad! What can you threaten me with By Allah, I have the most kinsmen of this valley with me in the large.' Then Allah revealed,
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ - سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
(Then let him call upon his council. We will call out the guards of Hell!)" Ibn `Abbas then said, "If he had called his people, the angels of torment would have seized him at that very instant." At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah that Abu Jahl said, "Does Muhammad cover his face with dust (i.e., from prostration) while he is among you all" They (the people) replied, "Yes." Then he said, "By Al-Lat and Al-`Uzza, if I see him praying like this, I will stomp on his neck, and I will certainly put his face in the dust." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and he began praying, which made it possible for Abu Jahl to stomp on his neck. Then the people became surprised at him (Abu Jahl) because he began retreating on his heels and covering himself with his hands. Then it was said to him, "What's the matter with you" He replied, "Verily, between me and him is a ditch of fire, monsters and wings." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَوْ دَنَا مِنِّي لَاخْتَطَفَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عُضْوًا عُضْوًا»
(If he had come near me, the angels would have snatched him limb by limb.) The narrator added; "Allah revealed an Ayah, but I do not know whether it is concerning the Hadith of Abu Hurayrah or not:
كَلاَّ إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لَيَطْغَى
(Nay! Verily, man does transgress.) to the end of the Surah." Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Abi Hatim all recorded this Hadith.
Amusement for the Prophet
Then Allah says,
كَلاَّ لاَ تُطِعْهُ
(Nay! Do not obey him.) meaning, `O Muhammad! Do not obey him in what he is forbidding from such as steadfastness in worship and performing worship in abundance. Pray wherever you wish and do not worry about him. For indeed Allah will protect you and help you, and He will defend you against the people.'
وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب
(Fall prostrate and draw near (to Allah)!) This is just like what has been confirmed in the Sahih of Muslim on the authority of Abu Salih who reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاء»
(The closest that a servant can be to his Lord is when he is in prostration. Therefore, make abundant supplications (i.e., while prostrating).)" It has also been mentioned previously that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to prostrate when he recited
إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انشَقَّتْ
(When the heaven is split asunder.) (84:1) and
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ
(Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created.) (96:1) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Iqra' (Surat Al-`Alaq). Unto Allah is due all praise and thanks, and He is the Giver of success and protection against error.