The Moon — Verse 18

‘Ād denied their prophet Hūd and so they were chastised. How then were My chastisement and My warnings? how then was My warning them of the chastisement before it was sent down? In other words it was justified and He explains this chastisement by saying

كذبت عاد هودًا فعاقبناهم، فكيف كان عذابي لهم على كفرهم، ونذري على تكذيب رسولهم، وعدم الإيمان به؟ إنه كان عظيمًا مؤلمًا.

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن عاد قوم هود إنهم كذبوا رسولهم أيضا كما صنع قوم نوح.

ثم انتقلت إلى الحديث عن قصة قبيلة عاد مع نبيهم هود - عليه السلام - فذكرت ما حل بهم من عقاب بسبب كفرهم وطغيانهم ، فقال - تعالى - : ( كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ . . . ) .المراد بعاد ، تلك القبيلة التى ينتهى نسبها إلى جدهم عاد ، وكانت مساكنهم بالأحقاف فى جنوب الجزيرة العربية . وكانوا يعبدون الأصنام ، فأرسل الله - تعالى - إليهم نبيهم هودا - عليه السلام - لكى يأمرهم بعبادة الله - تعالى - وحده ، وينهاهم عن عبادة غيره . .وقد جاء الحديث عنهم بصورة أكثر تفصيلا ، فى سور : الأعراف ، وهود ، والشعراء ، والأحقاف . . . ولم تعطف قصتهم هنا على قصة نوح التى قبلها ، للإشعار بأنها قصة مستقلة جديرة بأن يعتبر بها المعتبرون ، ويتعظ بها المتعظون . .وحذف المفعول فى قوله : ( كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ ) للعلم به وهو نبيهم هود - عليه السلام - أى : كذبت قبيلة عاد نبيها هودا - عليه السلام - .والاستفهام فى قوله - سبحانه - : ( فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ ) للتهويل ، ولتشويق السامعين إلى معرفة العذاب الشديد الذى حل بهم . أى : كذبت قبيلة عاد نبيها ، فهل علمتم ما حل بها من دمار وهلاك؟ إن كنتم لم تعلموا ذلك فهاكم خبره .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ (18)يقول تعالى ذكره: كذّبت أيضا عاد نبيهم هودا صلى الله عليه وسلم فيما أتاهم به عن الله, كالذي كذّبت قوم نوح, وكالذي كذّبتم مَعْشر قريش نبيكم محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلى جميع رسله,( فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ ) يقول: فانظروا معشر كفرة قريش بالله كيف كان عذابي إياهم, وعقابي لهم على كفرهم بالله, وتكذيبهم رسوله هودا وإنذاري بفعلي بهم ما فعلت من سلك طرائقهم, وكانوا على مثل ما كانوا عليه من التمادي في الغيّ والضلالة.

" كذبت عاد فكيف كان عذابي ونذر "

كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ (18(موقع هذه الجملة كموقع جملة { كذبت قبلهم قوم نوح } [ القمر : 9 ] فكان مقتضى الظاهر أن تعطف عليها ، وإنما فصلت عنها ليكون في الكلام تكرير التوبيخ والتهديد والنعي عليهم عقب قوله : { ولقد جاءهم من الأنباء ما فيه مزدجر حكمة بالغة فما تغن النذر } [ القمر : 4 ، 5 ] . ومقام التوبيخ والنعي يقتضي التكرير .والحكم على عاد بالتكذيب عموم عرفي بناء على أن معظمهم كذبوه وما آمن به إلا نفر قليل قال تعالى : { ولما جاء أمرنا نجينا هوداً والذين آمنوا معه برحمة منا } [ هود : 58 ] .وفرع على التذكير بتكذيب عاد قوله : { فكيف كان عذابي ونذر } قبل أن يذكر في الكلام ما يشعر بأن الله عذبهم فضلاً عن وصف عذابهم .فالاستفهام مستعمل في التشويق للخبر الوارد بعده وهو مجاز مرسل لأن الاستفهام يستلزم طلب الجواب والجواب يتوقف على صفة العذاب وهي لَمّا تذكر فيحصل الشوق إلى معرفتها وهو أيضاً مكنى به عن تهويل ذلك العذاب .وفي هذا الاستفهام إجمال لحال العذاب وهو إجمال يزيد التشويق إلى ما يبينه بعده

{ وعاد } هي القبيلة المعروفة باليمن، أرسل الله إليهم هودا عليه السلام يدعوهم إلى توحيد الله وعبادته، فكذبوه

قوله تعالى : كذبت عاد هم قوم هود .فكيف كان عذابي ونذر وقعت " نذر " في هذه السورة في ستة أماكن محذوفة الياء في جميع المصاحف ، وقرأها يعقوب مثبتة في الحالين ، وورش في الوصل لا غير ، وحذف الباقون . ولا خلاف في حذف الياء من قوله : فما تغن النذر والواو من قوله : يدع فأما الياء من " الداع " الأولى فأثبتها في الحالين ابن محيصن ويعقوب وحميد والبزي ، وأثبتها ورش وأبو عمرو في الوصل ، وحذف الباقون . وأما " الداع " الثانية فأثبتها يعقوب وابن محيصن وابن كثير في الحالين ، وأثبتها أبو عمرو ونافع في الوصل ، وحذفها الباقون .

The people of ‘Ad merited divine retribution, so God unleashed a hurricane which made it difficult for them to remain upright. The winds lifted them and tossed them about violently and waves dashed them against the trees. Others were crushed when their roofs fell down on their heads. All this was a demonstration of the fact that man was absolutely helpless, and that he had no power or authority of any sort before God.

Lexicological Analysis The word سُعُر su'ur has appeared twice in this Surah. First it has appeared in verse 24 in connection with the people of Thamud where it is their own word, and means 'madness or insanity'. The second time, the word appears in connection with the punishment of the sinners where it is the word of Allah in the forthcoming verse [ 47] فِي ضَلَالٍ وَسُعُرٍ‌. Here the word سُعُر su'ur may also be taken in the sense of Hell-Fire. According to lexicologists, the word su'ur is used in both these senses. رَ‌اوَدُوهُ عَن ضَيْفِهِ (And they had even tried to tempt him against his guests...54:37). The word murawadah signifies to entice someone to satisfy one's lust. This verse refers to the night when the angels came to Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) in the shape of handsome young men, as a test from Allah for his people who were addicted to homosexuality. Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) hosted his guests. The licentious people came to him from every direction, and the Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) had to shut the door to protect his guests. They came during the night and tried to break the door down and scale the walls to come in. The immoral behaviour of his people distressed Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) but when the guests revealed to him that they were angels and have been sent by Allah to inflict destructive punishment on his people, he felt comforted; they assured him that they will not be able to hurt them in any way. Surah Al-Qamar started on the note that Doomsday is fast approaching, so that the infidels and pagans, who have lust and greed for this world and are unaware of the Hereafter, come to their senses. First, the punishment of the Hereafter is mentioned. Then the evil consequences of their misdeeds in the present life are cited. Reference is made to the conditions of world-famous nations, their opposition to their respective prophets and its evil consequences. The people of Lut (علیہ السلام) were the first people who were destroyed by Divine punishment. Many different kinds of devastating torments were inflicted on the people of Lut (علیہ السلام) ، the tribes of ` Ad, Thamud and Lut (علیہ السلام) and the people of Fir'aun in this world. Their stories and histories are recounted in detail on several occasions in the Qur'an. Here they have been condensed. All these five nations were the strongest and resourceful. It was not possible for any of the subdued nations to overcome any of these superpowers. The current set of verses show how the superpowers were destroyed by Divine punishment. After describing the punishment of each nation, the Qur'an repeats the following statement as a refrain: فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ‌ (How then was My torment and My warnings?). That is, when the Divine chastisement overtook these nations who were very powerful in terms of might, wealth and number were killed like flies and mosquitoes. In addition, the following verse is repeated to advise the Muslims and the infidels in general: وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْ‌نَا الْقُرْ‌آنَ لِلذِّكْرِ‌ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ‌ (and indeed We have made the Qur'an easy for seeking advice. So, is there one to seek advice?) This is to indicate that the only way to avoid the terrible chastisement is to take to the advice of the Qur'an. Allah has made the Qur'an easy to the extent of paying heed to the admonition and warnings. Only the most ill-fated person will not take advantage of the warnings. The forthcoming verses address the people of the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ that they are not more powerful in terms of wealth, number and might than the people of Prophet Lut (علیہ السلام) the tribes of ` Ad and Thamud, Prophet Lut’ s علیہ السلام people and the people of Fir'aun. Then how are they sitting in a careless manner?

((The tribe of) 'Aad rejected warnings) the folk of Hud denied Hud. (Then how dreadful) was My punishment after My warnings) see, O Muhammad, how the state of those warned by Hud became when they disbelieved in him.

The Story of ` Ad Allah states that ` Ad, the People of Hud, denied their Messenger, just as the people of Nuh did. So, Allah sent on them, عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحاً صَرْصَراً (against them a violently cold (Sarsar) wind), means, a bitterly cold and furious wind, فِى يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ (on a day of calamity), against them, according to Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah and As-Suddi, مُّسْتَمِرٌّ (continuous), upon them because the calamity, torment and destruction that they suffered in this life on that day continued with that of the Hereafter, تَنزِعُ النَّاسَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنقَعِرٍ (Plucking out men as if they were uprooted stems of date palms.) The wind would pluck one of them and raise him high, until he could no longer be seen, and then violently send him down on his head to the ground. His head would be smashed and only his body would be left, headless, كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنقَعِرٍفَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ (as if they were uprooted stems of date palms. Then, how was My torment and My warnings And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember; then is there any that will remember)