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وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦۤ إِنِّی لَكُمۡ نَذِیرࣱ مُّبِینٌ ۝٢٥
walaqad arsalnā nūḥan ilā qawmihi innī lakum nadhīrun mubīnu
Hud / Hud (11:25)
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Abdel Haleem

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We sent Noah to his people to say, ‘I have come to you to give a clear warning
walaqad arsalnā nūḥan ilā qawmihi innī lakum nadhīrun mubīnu

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Tafsir Commentary

The Story of Nuh and His Conversation with His People Allah, the Exalted, informs about Prophet Nuh. He was the first Messenger whom Allah sent to the people of the earth who were polytheists involved in worshipping idols. Allah mentions that he (Nuh) said to his people, إِنَّى لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ (I have come to you as a plain warner.) meaning, to openly warn you against facing Allah's punishment if you continue worshipping other than Allah. Thus, Nuh said, أَن لاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ اللَّهَ (That you worship none but Allah;) This can also be seen in his statement, إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ (surely, I fear for you the torment of a painful Day.) This means, "If you all continue doing this, then Allah will punish you with a severe punishment in the Hereafter." Then Allah says, فَقَالَ الْمَلأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن قِوْمِهِ (The chiefs who disbelieved among his people said;) The word `chiefs' (Al-Mala'u) here means the leaders and the heads of the disbelievers. They said, مَا نَرَاكَ إِلاَّ بَشَرًا مِّثْلَنَا (We see you but a man like ourselves,) This means, "You are not an angel. You are only a human being, so how can revelation come to you over us We do not see anyone following you except the lowliest people among us, like the merchants, weavers and similar people. No people of nobility, or rulers among us follow you. These people who follow you are not known for their intelligence, wit, or sharp thinking. Rather, you merely invited them (to this Islam) and they responded to your call and followed you (ignorantly)." This is the meaning of their statement, وَمَا نَرَاكَ اتَّبَعَكَ إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَرَاذِلُنَا بَادِىَ الرَّأْى (nor do we see any follow you but the meanest among us and they (too) followed you without thinking.) The statement, "without thinking," means that they merely followed the first thing that came to their minds. Concerning the statement, وَمَا نَرَى لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا مِن فَضْلٍ (And we do not see in you any merit above us, in fact we think you are liars.) In this they are saying, "We do not see that you and your followers have any virtuous status above us in your physical appearance, your character, your provisions, or your condition, since you accepted this (new) religion of yours." بَلْ نَظُنُّكُمْ كَـذِبِينَ s(in fact we think you are liars. ) This means, "We think you are lying about that which you are claiming for yourselves of righteousness, piety, worship and happiness in the abode of the Hereafter when you arrive there." This was the response of the disbelievers to Nuh and his followers. This is a proof of their ignorance and their deficiency in knowledge and intelligence. For verily, the truth is not to be rejected because of the lowly status of those who follow it. Verily, the truth is correct in itself, regardless of whether its followers are of low status, or nobility. Actually, the reality concerning which there is no doubt, is that the followers of the truth are the noble ones, even though they may be poor. On the other hand, those who reject the truth are the lowly wretches, even though they may be wealthy. Thus, we see that usually the weakest of people are the ones who follow the truth, while the nobility and high-class people usually are opposed to the truth. This is as Allah says, وَكَذَلِكَ مَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ فِى قَرْيَةٍ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلاَّ قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا وَجَدْنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَى أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِم مُّقْتَدُونَ (And similarly, We sent not a warner before you to any town (people) but the luxurious ones among them said: "We found our fathers following a cerain way and religion, and we will indeed follow their footsteps.")43:23 When Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, asked Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb about the qualities of the Prophet , he said to him, "Are his followers the noble people, or the weak" Abu Sufyan said, "They are the weakest of them." Then Heraclius said, "They (weak ones) are the followers of the Messengers." Concerning their statement, بَادِىَ الرَّأْى (without thinking. ) In reality this is not objectionable, or something derogatory, because the truth when it is made clear, does not leave room for second-guessing, or excessive thinking. Rather, it is mandatory that it should be followed and this is the condition of every pious, intelligent person. No one continues doubtfully pondering the truth (after it is made clear) except one who is ignorant and excessively critical. The Messengers - Allah's peace and blessings be upon them all - only delivered what was obvious and clear. Concerning Allah's statement, وَمَا نَرَى لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا مِن فَضْلٍ (And we do not see in you any merit above us,) They did not see this (the virtue of accepting Islam) because they were blind from the truth. They could not see, nor could they hear. Rather, they were wavering in their skepticism. They were wandering blindly in the darknesses of their ignorance. They, in reality, were the slanderers and liars, lowly and despicable. Therefore, in the Hereafter they will be the greatest losers.
And verily We sent Noah to his people and he said ‘I am annī a variant reading has innī in which case ‘he said’ has been omitted for you a clear warner one whose warning is plain.
ولقد أرسلنا نوحًا إلى قومه فقال لهم: إني نذير لكم من عذاب الله، مبيِّن لكم ما أُرسلت به إليكم من أمر الله ونهيه.
يخبر تعالى عن نوح عليه السلام وكان أول رسول بعثه الله إلى أهل الأرض من المشركين عبدة الأصنام أنه قال لقومه "إنى لكم نذير مبين" أي ظاهر النذارة لكم من عذاب الله إن أنتم عبدتم غير الله.
وقد بدأت السورة الكريمة قصصها بقصة نوح مع قومه ، وقد وردت هذه القصة فى سور متعددة منها سورة الأعراف ، وسورة المؤمنون ، وسورة نوح . . . إلا أنها وردت هنا بصورة أكثر تفصيلا من غيرها .( وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحاً إلى قَوْمِهِ . . . ) .قوله : ( وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحاً إلى قَوْمِهِ . . . ) جواب لقسم محذوف . أى والله لقد أرسلنا نوحا إلى قومه . والدليل على هذا القسم وجود لامه فى بدء الجملة .وافتتحت القصة بصيغة القسم لأن المخاطبين بها لما لم يحذروا ما نزل بقوم نوح بسبب كفرهم نزلوا منزلة المنكر لرسالته .وينتهى نسب نوح - عليه السلام - إلى شيث بن آدم - عليه السلام - وقد ذكر نوح فى القرآن فى ثلاثة وأربعين موضعا .وقوم الرجل : هم أقرباؤه الذين يجتمعون معه فى جد واحد وقد يقيم الرجل بين الأجانب فيسميهم قومه مجازا للمجاورة .وكان قوم نوح يعبدون الأصنام : فأرسل الله إليهم نوحا ليدلهم على طريق الرشاد .قال ابن كثير : قال ابن عباس وغير واحد من علماء التفسير : " كان أول ما عبدت الأصنام أن قوما صالحين ماتوا . فبنى قومهم عليهم مساجد ، وصوروا صور أولئك الصالحين فيها ليتذكروا حالهم وعبادتهم فيتشبهوا بهم ، فلما طال الزمان جعلوا أجسادا على تلك الصور فلما تمادى الزمان عبدوا تلك الأصنام وسموها بأسماء أولئك الصالحين : ودا وسواعا ويغوث ويعوق ونسرا فلما تفاقم الأمر بعث الله - تعالى - رسوله نوحا فأمرهم بعبادة الله وحده " .وقوله : ( إِنَّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ . أَن لاَّ تعبدوا إِلاَّ الله . . . ) بيان للوظيفة التى من أجلها أرسل الله - تعالى - نوحا إلى قومه .قال الشوكانى : قرأ ابن كثير وأبو عمرو والكسائى بفتح الهمزة فى ( إنى ) على تقدير حرف الجر أى : أرسلناه بأنى . أى : أرسلناه متلبسا بذلك الكلام وهو أنىلكم نذير مبين . وقرأ الباقون بالكسر على إرادة القول . أى : أرسلناه قائلا لهم ( إِنَّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ ) .ونذير من الإِنذار وهو إخبار معه تخويف . .ومبين : من الإِبانة بمعنى التوضيح والإِظهار . .أى : أرسلناه إلى قومه فقال لهم يا قوم : إنى لكم محذر تحذيرا واضحا من موجبات العذاب التى تتمثل فى عبادتكم لغير الله - تعالى - .واقتصر على الإِنذار لأنهم لم يعملوا بما بشرهم به وهو الفوز برضا الله - تعالى - إذا ما أخلصوا له العبادة والطاعة .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ (25)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ولقد أرسلنا نوحًا إلى قومه : إني لكم ، أيها القوم ، نذير من الله، أنذركم بأسَه على كفركم به، فآمنوا به وأطيعوا أمره.ويعني بقوله: (مبين) ، يبين لكم عما أرسل به إليكم من أمر الله ونهيه. (12)* * *واختلفت القرأة في قراءة قوله: (إني) .فقرأ ذلك عامة قرأة الكوفة وبعض المدنيين بكسر " إنّ" على وجه الابتداء إذ كان في " الإرسال " معنى " القول ".* * *وقرأ ذلك بعض قرأة أهل المدينة والكوفة والبصرة بفتح " أن " على إعمال الإرسال فيها، كأن معنى الكلام عندهم: لقد أرسلنا نوحًا إلى قومه بأني لكم نذير مبين.* * *قال أبو جعفر: والصواب من القول في ذلك عندي، أن يقال إنهما قراءتان متفقتا المعنى، قد قرأ بكل واحدة منهما جماعة من القرّاء، فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ كان مصيبًا للصواب في ذلك.---------------------الهوامش :(12) انظر تفسير " نذير " و " مبين " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( نذر ) ، ( بين ) .
قوله تعالى : ( ولقد أرسلنا نوحا إلى قومه إني لكم نذير مبين ) قرأ ابن كثير وأبو عمرو والكسائي ويعقوب " أني " بفتح الهمزة أي : بأني ، وقرأ الباقون بكسرها ، أي : فقال إني ، لأن في الإرسال معنى القول : إني لكم نذير مبين .
انتقال من إنذار المشركين ووصف أحوالهم وما ناسب ذلك إلى موعظتهم بما أصاب المكذبين قبلهم من المصائب ، وفي ذلك تسلية للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم بما لاقاه الرّسل عليهم السّلام قبله من أقوامهم .فالعطف من عطف القصة على القصة وهي التي تسمى الواو الابتدائية .وأكدت الجملة بلام القسم و { قد } لأن المخاطبين لما غفلوا عن الحذر مما بقوم نوح مع مماثلة حالهم نزلوا منزلة المنكر لوقوع رسالته .وقرأ نافع ، وعاصم ، وابن عامر ، وحمزة { إني } بكسر الهمزة على أنه محكي بفعل قول محذوف في محل حال ، أي قائلاً .وقرأه ابن كثير ، وأبو عَمرو ، والكسائي ، وأبو جعفر ، ويعقوب ، وخلف بفتح الهمزة على تقدير حرف جرّ وهو الباء للملابسة ، أي أرسلناه متلبساً بذلك ، أي بمعنى المصدر المنسبك من ( أني نذير ) ، أي متلبساً بالنذارة البيّنة .وتقدم الكلام على نوح عليه السلام وقومه عند قوله تعالى : { إن الله اصطفى آدم ونوحاً } في آل عمران ( 33 ). وعند قوله : { لقد أرْسلْنا نُوحاً إلى قوْمه } في سورة الأعراف ( 59 .(
إلى آخر القصة أي: ولقد أرسلنا رسولنا نوحا أول المرسلين إلى قومه يدعوهم إلى الله وينهاهم عن الشرك فقال لهم: { إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ } أي: بينت لكم ما أنذرتكم به، بيانا زال به الإشكال.
قوله تعالى : ولقد أرسلنا نوحا إلى قومه إني لكم نذير مبينقوله تعالى : ولقد أرسلنا نوحا إلى قومه ذكر سبحانه قصص الأنبياء - عليهم السلام - للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - تنبيها له على ملازمة الصبر على أذى الكفار إلى أن يكفيه الله أمرهم .إني لكم نذير مبين أي فقال : إني ; لأن في الإرسال معنى القول . وقرأ ابن كثير وأبو عمرو والكسائي " أني " بفتح [ ص: 22 ] الهمزة ; أي أرسلناه بأني لكم نذير مبين . ولم يقل " إنه " لأنه رجع من الغيبة إلى خطاب نوح لقومه ; كما قال : وكتبنا له في الألواح من كل شيء ثم قال : فخذها بقوة .
Numerous prophets of God have appeared in this world and it has been their mission to acquaint man with God’s scheme of creation—the scheme by which man has been kept in the present world for the purpose of putting him to the test. Here, one has the opportunity to worship different things, but what is desired from man is that he should become the worshipper of God. Those who do not become God’s worshippers have failed in the test and shall have to face severe punishment in the life after death. This is precisely what Noah told the people of his community. So, he became the ‘clear warner’ for them, but his community did not accept what he had to say. The reason for this was the propensity of the people to be taken in by appearances. In theory, man is a prey to many kinds of misguidance. But, in fact, there has been only one way of human beings going astray throughout the ages and that is their clinging to appearances coupled with their worldly approach to all matters. World-oriented people, in accordance with their temperament, assume worldly things to be the standard by which to determine Truth and untruth. Either consciously or unconsciously, they presume that the possessor of worldly outward glories is in possession of the Truth and one who is deprived of worldly glories is also deprived of the Truth. When God’s missionary makes his appearance, he seems to his contemporaries to be only a human being among other human beings. From the worldly point of view he has no special signs of greatness around him. And since, till then, no material benefits had become attached to the religion he presents to people, it is mostly destitute people who have nothing to lose by adopting the ‘new religion,’ who enter the fold of that religion. This state of affairs becomes a trial for the great ones of the time. They presume that since the adherents of the new religion have no worldly glory, neither can they be in possession of the Truth, so much so that there are certain people in the community who do not hesitate to call them impostors and liars.
Commentary When Sayyidna Nuh علیہ السلام invited his people to believe, they responded with some doubts and objections against the veracity of his mission as a prophet and messenger of Allah. Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) with the will and permission of Allah, answered their questions. Many primary and subsidiary religious rulings relating to honesty and social living emerge from here as a corollary. This dialogue forms the core of the subject taken up in these verses.
(And We sent Noah unto his folk) and when he went to them he said: (I am a plain warner) a warning Messenger who speaks a language you understand (unto you) from Allah.