Children of Israel, The Israelites — Verse 109
17:109 · al-Isra`
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وَیَخِرُّونَ لِلۡأَذۡقَانِ یَبۡكُونَ وَیَزِیدُهُمۡ خُشُوعࣰا ١٠٩ ۩
wayakhirrūna lil'adhqāni yabkūna wayazīduhum khushūʿa
Children of Israel, The Israelites / al-Isra` (17:109)
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
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They fall down on their faces, weeping, and [the Quran] increases their humility.’
wayakhirrūna lil'adhqāni yabkūna wayazīduhum khushūʿa
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Tafsir Commentary
Those Who were given Knowledge before truly admit the Qur'an
Allah says to His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ:
قُلْ
(Say) O Muhammad to these disbelievers concerning what you have brought to them of this Glorious Qur'an:
ءَامِنُواْ بِهِ أَوْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُواْ
("Believe in it (the Qur'an) or do not believe (in it).) meaning, it is all the same whether you believe in it or not, for it is true in and of itself. It was revealed by Allah, Who mentioned it previously in the Books that He revealed to other Messengers. Hence He says:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْعِلْمَ مِن قَبْلِهِ
(Verily, those who were given knowledge before it,) meaning righteous people among the People of the Book, who adhered to their Books and appreciated them without distorting them.
إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ
(when it is recited to them,) means, when this Qur'an is recited to them,
يَخِرُّونَ لِلاٌّذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا
(fall down on their chins (faces) in humble prostration. ) means, to Allah, in gratitude for the blessing He has bestowed on them by considering them fit to live until they met this Messenger to whom this Book was revealed. Hence they say:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَآ
(Glory be to our Lord!), meaning, they extol and glorify their Lord for His perfect power and for not delaying the fulfillment of the promise which He made through His earlier Prophets, that He would send Muhammad ﷺ. Hence they said:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَآ إِن كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولاً
(Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.)
وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلاٌّذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ
(And they fall down on their chins (faces) weeping) means, in submission to Allah, may He be glorified, and in expression of their belief and faith in His Book and His Messenger .
وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا
(and it increases their humility.) means, it increases them in faith and submission. As Allah says:
وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْاْ زَادَهُمْ هُدًى وَءَاتَـهُمْ تَقُوَاهُمْ
(While as for those who accept guidance, He increases their guidance and bestows on them their Taqwa. ) (47:17).
وَيَخِرُّونَ
(And they fall down) is a description rather than an action (i.e., this is a further description of their humility as referred to in Ayah 107; it does not imply that they prostrate twice).
And they fall down on their faces weeping yabkūna is a supplement to yakhirrūna ‘they fall down’ also containing an adjectival qualification of those falling down; and it the Qur’ān increases them in humility’ in humbleness before God.
They fall down on their faces weeping. Weeping is the state of the beginners and the attribute of the travelers-everyone according to his own state and every traveler in the measure of his own deeds. The repenter looks upon his own sin and weeps in fear of punishment. The obedient person looks upon his own lax obedience and weeps in fear of shortcoming. The worshiper weeps in fear of the outcome: “What will be done with me tomorrow?” The recognizer looks at the beginningless precedent and weeps: “What was done to me and decreed for me in the Beginningless?” All this happens to travelers on the path and is a mark of the weakness of their state. As for those who have been snatched away from themselves, the folk of stability, for them weeping is an imperfection and defect in their road. Thus it is related that Junayd was sitting with his wife and Shiblī entered. The wife wanted to cover herself, but Junayd said to her, “Shiblī is not aware of you, so sit.” Junayd kept speaking to her, and then Shiblī wept. When Shiblī began to weep, Junayd said to his wife, “Cover yourself, for Shiblī has come back from absence to awareness.”
They fall down on their faces weeping. Weeping is the state of the beginners and the attribute of the travelers-everyone according to his own state and every traveler in the measure of his own deeds. The repenter looks upon his own sin and weeps in fear of punishment. The obedient person looks upon his own lax obedience and weeps in fear of shortcoming. The worshiper weeps in fear of the outcome: “What will be done with me tomorrow?” The recognizer looks at the beginningless precedent and weeps: “What was done to me and decreed for me in the Beginningless?” All this happens to travelers on the path and is a mark of the weakness of their state. As for those who have been snatched away from themselves, the folk of stability, for them weeping is an imperfection and defect in their road. Thus it is related that Junayd was sitting with his wife and Shiblī entered. The wife wanted to cover herself, but Junayd said to her, “Shiblī is not aware of you, so sit.” Junayd kept speaking to her, and then Shiblī wept. When Shiblī began to weep, Junayd said to his wife, “Cover yourself, for Shiblī has come back from absence to awareness.”
They fall down on their faces weeping. Weeping is the state of the beginners and the attribute of the travelers-everyone according to his own state and every traveler in the measure of his own deeds. The repenter looks upon his own sin and weeps in fear of punishment. The obedient person looks upon his own lax obedience and weeps in fear of shortcoming. The worshiper weeps in fear of the outcome: “What will be done with me tomorrow?” The recognizer looks at the beginningless precedent and weeps: “What was done to me and decreed for me in the Beginningless?” All this happens to travelers on the path and is a mark of the weakness of their state. As for those who have been snatched away from themselves, the folk of stability, for them weeping is an imperfection and defect in their road. Thus it is related that Junayd was sitting with his wife and Shiblī entered. The wife wanted to cover herself, but Junayd said to her, “Shiblī is not aware of you, so sit.” Junayd kept speaking to her, and then Shiblī wept. When Shiblī began to weep, Junayd said to his wife, “Cover yourself, for Shiblī has come back from absence to awareness.”
They fall down on their faces weeping. Weeping is the state of the beginners and the attribute of the travelers-everyone according to his own state and every traveler in the measure of his own deeds. The repenter looks upon his own sin and weeps in fear of punishment. The obedient person looks upon his own lax obedience and weeps in fear of shortcoming. The worshiper weeps in fear of the outcome: “What will be done with me tomorrow?” The recognizer looks at the beginningless precedent and weeps: “What was done to me and decreed for me in the Beginningless?” All this happens to travelers on the path and is a mark of the weakness of their state. As for those who have been snatched away from themselves, the folk of stability, for them weeping is an imperfection and defect in their road. Thus it is related that Junayd was sitting with his wife and Shiblī entered. The wife wanted to cover herself, but Junayd said to her, “Shiblī is not aware of you, so sit.” Junayd kept speaking to her, and then Shiblī wept. When Shiblī began to weep, Junayd said to his wife, “Cover yourself, for Shiblī has come back from absence to awareness.”
They fall down on their faces weeping.Weeping is the state of the beginners and the attribute of the travelers-everyone according to his own state and every traveler in the measure of his own deeds. The repenter looks upon his own sin and weeps in fear of punishment. The obedient person looks upon his own lax obedience and weeps in fear of shortcoming. The worshiper weeps in fear of the outcome: �What will be done with me tomorrow?� The recognizer looks at the beginningless precedent and weeps: �What was done to me and decreed for me in the Beginningless?�All this happens to travelers on the path and is a mark of the weakness of their state. As for those who have been snatched away from themselves, the folk of stability, for them weeping is an imperfection and defect in their road. Thus it is related that Junayd was sitting with his wife and Shiblī entered. The wife wanted to cover herself, but Junayd said to her, �Shiblī is not aware of you, so sit.� Junayd kept speaking to her, and then Shiblī wept. When Shiblī began to weep, Junayd said to his wife, �Cover yourself, for Shiblī has come back from absence to awareness.�
ويقع هؤلاء ساجدين على وجوههم، يبكون تأثرًا بمواعظ القرآن، ويزيدهم سماع القرآن ومواعظه خضوعًا لأمر الله وعظيم قدرته.
وقوله "ويخرون للأذقان يبكون" أي خضوعا لله عز وجل وإيمانا وتصديقا بكتابه ورسوله "ويزيدهم خشوعا" أي إيمانا وتسليما كما قال "والذين اهتدوا زادهم هدى وآتاهم تقواهم" وقوله "ويخرون" عطف صفة على صفة لا عطف السجود على السجود كما قال الشاعر: إلى الملك القرم وابن الهمام وليث الكتيبة في المزدحم.
ثم حكى - سبحانه - ما يقولونه فى سجودهم فقال : ( وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَآ إِن كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولاً ) .
يقول تعالى ذكره: ويخرّ هؤلاء الذين أوتوا العلم من مؤمني أهل الكتابين من قبل نـزول الفرقان، إذا يُتْلَى عليهم القرآن لأذقانهم يبكون، ويزيدهم ما في القرآن من المواعظ والعبر خشوعا، يعني خضوعا لأمر الله وطاعته، واستكانة له.حدثنا أحمد بن منيع، قال: ثنا عبد الله بن المبارك ، قال: أخبرنا مِسْعر، عن عبد الأعلى التيميّ، أن من أوتي من العلم يبكه لخليق أن لا يكون أوتي علما ينفعه، لأن الله نعت العلماء فقال إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلأَذْقَانِ .... الآيتين.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، قال: ثنا عبد الله بن المبارك، عن مسعر بن كدام، عن عبد الأعلى التيمي بنحوه، إلا أنه قال إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلأَذْقَانِ ثم قال ( وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلأذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ ).... الآية.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد ( وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلأذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا ) قال: هذا جواب وتفسير للآية التي في كهيعص إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُ الرَّحْمَنِ خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا .
( ويخرون للأذقان يبكون ) أي : يقعون على الوجوه يبكون ، البكاء مستحب عند قراءة القرآن ( ويزيدهم ) نزول القرآن ( خشوعا ) خضوعا لربهم . نظيره قوله تعالى : " إذا تتلى عليهم آيات الرحمن خروا سجدا وبكيا " ( مريم - 58 ) .أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله الصالحي أخبرنا أبو عمرو بن بكر بن محمد المزني حدثنا أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله الجنيد حدثنا الحسن بن الفضل البجلي أخبرنا عاصم عن علي بن عاصم حدثنا المسعودي هو عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن مولى أبي طلحة عن عيسى بن طلحة عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " لا يلج النار من بكى من خشية الله حتى يعود اللبن في الضرع ولا يجتمع غبار في سبيل الله ودخان جهنم في منخري مسلم أبدا " .أخبرنا أبو القاسم بن عبد الكريم بن هوازن القشيري أخبرنا أبو القاسم عبد الخالق بن علي بن عبد الخالق المؤذن أخبرنا أحمد بن بكر بن محمد بن حمدان حدثنا محمد بن يونس الكديمي أنبأنا عبد الله بن محمد الباهلي حدثنا أبو حبيب الغنوي حدثنا بهز بن حكيم عن أبيه عن جده قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " حرمت النار على ثلاث أعين : عين بكت من خشية الله وعين سهرت في سبيل الله وعين غضت عن محارم الله " .
وقوله : { ويخرون للأذقان يبكون } تكرير للجملة باختلاف الحال المقترنة بها ، أعيدت الجملة تمهيداً لذكر الحال . وقد يقع التكرير مع العطف لأجل اختلاف القيود ، فتكون تلك المغايرة مصححة العطف ، كقول مُرة بن عَداء الفقعسي :فَهَلاّ أعدُّوني لِمثلي تفاقدوا ... إذا الخصم أبْزى مائلُ الرأس أنكبُوهلا أعدوني لِمثلي تفاقدوا ... وفي الأرض مبثوث شُجاع وعقربُفالخرور المحكي بالجملة الثانية هو الخرور الأول ، وإنما خروا خروراً واحداً ساجدين باكين ، فذكر مرتين اهتماماً بما صحبه من علامات الخشوع .وذكر { يبكون } بصيغة المضارع لاستحضار الحالة .والبكاء بكاء فرح وبهجة . والبكاء : يحصل من انفعال باطني ناشىء عن حزن أو عن خوف أو عن شوق .ويزيدهم القرآن خشوعاً على خشوعهم الذي كان لهم من سماع كتابهم .ومن السنة سجود القارىء والمستمع له بقصد هذه الآية اقتداء بأولئك الساجدين بحيث لا يذكر المسلم سجود أهل الكتاب عند سماع القرآن إلا وهو يرى نفسه أجدر بالسجود عند تلاوة القرآن .
{ وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ } أي: على وجوههم { يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ } القرآن { خُشُوعًا } وهؤلاء كالذين من الله عليهم من مؤمني أهل الكتاب كعبد الله ابن سلام وغيره، ممن أمن في وقت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وبعد ذلك.
قوله تعالى : ويخرون للأذقان يبكون ويزيدهم خشوعا فيه أربع مسائل :الأولى : قوله تعالى : ويخرون للأذقان هذه مبالغة في صفتهم ومدح لهم . وحق لكل من توسم بالعلم وحصل منه شيئا أن يجري إلى هذه المرتبة ، فيخشع عند استماع القرآن ويتواضع ويذل . وفي مسند الدارمي أبي محمد عن التيمي قال : من أوتي من العلم ما لم يبكه لخليق ألا يكون أوتي علما ; لأن الله - تعالى - نعت العلماء ، ثم تلا هذه الآية . ذكره الطبري أيضا . والأذقان جمع ذقن ، وهو مجتمع اللحيين . وقال الحسن : الأذقان عبارة عن اللحى . أي يضعونها على الأرض في حال السجود وهو غاية التواضع . واللام بمعنى على ؛ تقول سقط لفيه أي على فيه وقال ابن عباس : أي للوجوه وإنما خص الأذقان بالذكر لأن الذقن أقرب شيء من وجه الإنسان قال ابن خويز منداد : ويجوز السجود على الذقن لأن الذقن هاهنا عبارة عن الوجه وقد يعبر بالشيء عما جاوره وببعضه عن جميعه فيقال : خر لوجهه ساجدا وإن كان لم يسجد على خده وعينه . ألا ترى إلى قوله :فخر صريعا لليدين وللفمفإنما أراد : خر صريعا على وجهه ويديه .الثانية : قوله تعالى : يبكون دليل على جواز البكاء في الصلاة من خوف الله - تعالى - ، أو على معصيته في دين الله ، وأن ذلك لا يقطعها ولا يضرها . ذكر ابن المبارك عن حماد بن سلمة عن ثابت البناني عن مطرف بن عبد الله بن الشخير عن أبيه قال : أتيت النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وهو يصلي ولجوفه أزيز كأزيز المرجل من البكاء . وفي كتاب أبي داود : وفي صدره أزيز كأزيز الرحى من البكاء .[ ص: 307 ] الثالثة : واختلف الفقهاء في الأنين ; فقال مالك : الأنين لا يقطع الصلاة للمريض ، وأكرهه للصحيح ; وبه قال الثوري . وروى ابن الحكم عن مالك : التنحنح والأنين والنفخ لا يقطع الصلاة . وقال ابن القاسم : يقطع . وقال الشافعي : إن كان له حروف تسمع وتفهم يقطع الصلاة . وقال أبو حنيفة : إن كان من خوف الله لم يقطع ، وإن كان من وجع قطع . وروي عن أبي يوسف أن صلاته في ذلك كله تامة ; لأنه لا يخلو مريض ولا ضعيف من أنين .الرابعة : قوله تعالى : ويزيدهم خشوعا تقدم القول في الخشوع في ( البقرة ) ويأتي .
Divine words require humility from man, for God does not come Himself to the present world to convey His message to man. He selects a human being for this purpose. Now those who are filled with ego and arrogance think that surrendering to the truth is tantamount to surrendering to a human being. That is why they refuse to accept it. On the contrary, those who are free of arrogance can see God in the words falling from the lips of His messenger. So through these words they come in contact with God. They discover their humility vis-à-vis God’s greatness. This experience moves their hearts. They fall prostrate before Him with tears in their eyes. The leaders of the Quraysh are examples of the former, while the People of the Book who believed in the Prophet in the first phase, are examples of the latter. The virtuous people mentioned in this verse are the People of the Book. They had learnt from their ancient divine scriptures that a final prophet was going to come, and that those who believed in him and supported him, would be held deserving of special divine succour. Therefore, they had been eagerly waiting for the advent of the final prophet. That is why they took no time in recognizing the Prophet Muhammad. They were so greatly moved by the words of the Quran that, while reciting it, they would fall down in prostration before God with tears in their eyes. However, this is not a matter of just one group. The same applies to all human beings. God has already vested in the soul of every human being born on this earth the ability to recognize the truth. It is as if every individual is already waiting for the call of truth. Now those who live in a state of awareness can undergo the same experience as that of the People of the Book mentioned here. Consciousness at the level of nature will enable them to recognize the truth and rush towards it wholeheartedly.
About the last sentence: يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا (And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases them in the humbleness of heart -109), it appears in Tafsir Mazhari that being in tears while reciting the Qur’ an stands as a highly recommended and reward worthy act (mustahabb). Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ narrates that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, 'a person who wept in fear of Allah shall not go to Hell until milk is returned to the udder after having been milked. (It means, as it is not possible to put milk once milked back into the udder, very similarly, it is also not possible that a person who weeps in fear of Allah were to go to Hell). And says another report, 'Allah Ta’ ala has forbidden the fire of Hell on two eyes - the eye that weeps in fear of Allah, and the eye that stays awake at nights guarding the Islamic frontiers. (Baihaqi, and Hakim) And Sayyidna Nadr ibn Sa'd ؓ reports that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, 'a people, among whom there is someone who weeps in fear of Allah, will be delivered from the fire of Hell because of him.' (Ruh al- Ma’ ani from Tirmidhi)
The reason for the big trouble Muslims are in today is no other but that there are very few left among them who would weep fearing Allah. After reporting the Ahadith showing the merits of weeping in fear of Allah at this point, the author of Ruh al-Ma’ ani says: وینبغی ان یکون ذٰلَک حال العلماء (And that is the state the ` Ulama' should be in) - because, Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir and others have quoted the following saying of ` Abd al-Ala Taimi:
'A person who has received the kind of knowledge that does not make him cry [ because of having realized the reality of things ] should be enough to make you understand that he has not been given the knowledge that brings benefits.'
(They fall down on their faces) in prostration, (weeping) in their prostration, (and it increaseth humility in them) this was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his companions.