It was mentioned in the Tawrah that the Jews would spread Mischief twice
Allah tells us that He made a declaration to the Children of Israel in the Scripture, meaning that He had already told them in the Book which He revealed to them, that they would cause mischief on the earth twice, and would become tyrants and extremely arrogant, meaning they would become shameless oppressors of people, Allah says:
وَقَضَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الاٌّمْرَ أَنَّ دَابِرَ هَـؤُلآْءِ مَقْطُوعٌ مُّصْبِحِينَ
(And We made known this decree to him, that the root of those (sinners) was to be cut off in the early morning.)(15:66), meaning, We already told him about that and informed him of it.
The First Episode of Mischief caused by the Jews, and their Punishment for it
فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ أُولَـهُمَا
(So, when the promise came for the first of the two) meaning the first of the two episodes of mischief.
بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَادًا لَّنَآ أُوْلِى بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ
(We sent against you servants of Ours given to terrible warfare.) means, `We unleashed soldiers against you from among Our creatures who were given to terrible warfare,' i.e., they had great strength and weapons and power. They entered the very innermost parts of your homes, meaning they took possession of your land and invaded the very innermost parts of your homes, going between and through your houses, coming and going freely with no fear of anyone. This was the promise (completely) fulfilled. The earlier and later commentators differed over the identity of these invaders. Many Isra'iliyyat (reports from Jewish sources) were narrated about this, but I did not want to make this book too long by mentioning them, because some of them are fabricated, concocted by their heretics, and others may be true, but we have no need of them, praise be to Allah. What Allah has told us in His Book (the Qur'an) is sufficient and we have no need of what is in the other books that came before. Neither Allah nor His Messenger required us to refer to them. Allah told His Messenger that when (the Jews) committed transgression and aggression, Allah gave their enemies power over them to destroy their country and enter the innermost parts of their homes. Their humiliation and subjugation was a befitting punishment, and your Lord is never unfair or unjust to His servants. They had rebelled and killed many of the Prophets and scholars. Ibn Jarir recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id said: "I heard Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib saying: `Nebuchadnezzar conquered Ash-Sham (Greater Syria, including Palestine), destroying Jerusalem and killing them, then he came to Damascus and found blood boiling in a censer. He asked them: What is this blood They said: We found our forefathers doing this. Because of that blood, he killed seventy thousand of the believers and others, then the blood stopped boiling. This report is Sahih from Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, and this event is well-known, as he (Nebuchadnezzar) killed their nobles and scholars, and did not leave alive anyone who knew the Tawrah by heart. He took many prisoners from the sons of the Prophets and others, and did many other things that would take too long to mention here. If we had found anything that was correct or close enough, we could have written it and reported it here. And Allah knows best. Then Allah says:
إِنْ أَحْسَنتُمْ أَحْسَنتُمْ لاًّنفُسِكُمْ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا
((And We said): "If you do good, you do good for your own selves, and if you do evil (you do it) against yourselves.") As Allah says elsewhere:
مَّنْ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَلِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيْهَا
(Whosoever does a righteous good deed, it is for (the benefit of) himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself.) 45:15
The Second Episode of Mischief
Then Allah says:
فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ الاٌّخِرَةِ
(Then, when the second promise came to pass,) meaning, the second episode of mischief, when your enemies came again,
لِيَسُوءُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ
((We permitted your enemies) to disgrace your faces) meaning, to humiliate you and subdue you,
وَلِيَدْخُلُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ
(and to enter the Masjid) meaning, Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).
كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
(as they had entered it before,) when they entered the very innermost parts of your homes.
وَلِيُتَبِّرُواْ
(and to destroy) wrecking and inflicting ruin upon it.
مَا عَلَوْاْ
(all that fell in their hands.) everything they could get their hands on.
تَتْبِيرًاعَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يَرْحَمَكُمْ
(with utter destruction. It may be that your Lord may show mercy unto you) meaning that He may rid you of them.
وَإِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا
(but if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our punishment).) meaning, if you return to causing mischief,
عُدْنَا
(We shall return) means, We `will once again punish you in this world, along with the punishment and torment We save for you in the Hereafter.'
وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ حَصِيرًا
(And We have made Hell a prison Hasir for the disbelievers.) meaning, a place of permanent detention, a prison which cannot be avoided or escaped. Ibn `Abbas said, "Hasir here means a jail." Mujahid said, "They will be detained in it." Others said like- wise. Al-Hasan said, "Hasir means a bed of Fire." Qatadah said: "The Children of Israel returned to aggres- sion, so Allah sent this group against them, Muhammad ﷺ and his companions, who made them pay the Jizyah, with willing submission, and feeling themselves subdued."
And We said in the Scripture It may be that your Lord will have mercy upon you after the second time if you were to repent; but if you revert to working corruption We too will revert to punishment. And assuredly they did revert by denying the Prophet s and so he was given power over them through the slaying of the Banū Qurayza the expulsion of the Banū Nadīr and the exacting of the jizya-tax from them; and We have made Hell a dungeon for the disbelievers a place of detention and a prison for them.
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return.This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, �Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.�And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, �If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.� This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: �When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.�
عسى ربكم -يا بني إسرائيل- أن يرحمكم بعد انتقامه إن تبتم وأصلحتم، وإن عدتم إلى الإفساد والظلم عُدْنا إلى عقابكم ومذلَّتكم. وجعلنا جهنم لكم وللكافرين عامة سجنًا لا خروج منه أبدا. وفي هذه الآية وما قبلها، تحذير لهذه الأمة من العمل بالمعاصي؛ لئلا يصيبها مثل ما أصاب بني إسرائيل، فسنن الله واحدة لا تبدل ولا تغير.
"عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم" أي فيصرفهم عنكم "وإن عدتم عدنا" أى متى عدتم إلى الإفساد "عدنا" إلى الإدالة عليكم في الدنيا مع ما ندخره لكم في الآخرة من العذاب والنكال ولهذا قال "وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا" أي مستقرا ومحصرا وسجنا لا محيد لهم عنه وقال ابن عباس: حصيرا أي سجنا وقال مجاهد: يحصرون فيها وكذا قال غيره وقال الحسن فراشا ومهادا وقال قتادة قد عاد بنو إسرائيل فسلط الله عليهم هذا الحي محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه يأخذون منهم الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون.
وقد عبر القرآن الكريم عن هذه المعانى أبلغ تعبير وأحكمه . فقال - تعالى - : ( عسى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يَرْحَمَكُمْ وَإِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيراً ) .أى : عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم : ويعفو عنكم يا بنى إسرائيل متى أخلصتم له العبادة والطاعة ، وأصلحتم أقوالكم وأعمالكم ، فقد علمتم أنه - سبحانه - لا ينزل بلاء إلا بذنب ، ولا يرفعه إلا بتوبة .قال : أبو حيان : وهذه الترجية ليست لرجوع دولة ، وإنما هى من باب ترحم المطيع منهم ، وكان من الطاعة أن يتبعوا عيسى ومحمدا - عليهما السلام - ولكنهم لم يفعلوا .وقوله - سبحانه - : ( وَإِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا ) إنذار لهم بإنزال العقوبات عليهم ، إن عادوا إلى فسادهم وإفسادهم .أى : وإن عدتم إلى المعاصى ومخالفة أمرى ، وانتهاك حرماتى ، بعد أن تداركتكم رحمتى ، عدنا عليكم بالقتل والتعذيب وخراب الديار .ولقد عادوا إلى الكفر والفسوق والعصيان ، حيث أعرضوا عن دعوة الحق التى جاءهم بها الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ولم يكتفوا بهذا الإِعراض بل هموا بقتله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأيدوا كل متربص بالإِسلام والمسلمين ، فكانت نتيجة ذلك أن عاقبهم النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه بما يستحقون من إجلاء وتشريد وقتل . .قال ابن عباس - رضى الله عنهما - : " عادوا فسلط الله عليهم المؤمنين " .ثم بين - سبحانه - عقوبتهم فى الآخرة فقال : ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيراً ) أى : إن عدتم إلى معصيتنا فى الدنيا عدنا عليكم بالعقوبة الرادعة ، أما فى الآخرة فقد جعلنا جهنم للكافرين منكم ومن غيركم ( حصيرا ) أى : سجنا : حاصرا لكم لا تستطيعون الهروب منه ، أو الفكاك عنه ، أو فراشا تفترشونه ، كما قال - تعالى - : ( لَهُمْ مِّن جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِن فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ وكذلك نَجْزِي الظالمين ) قال بعض العلماء : " قوله ( حصيرا ) فيه وجهان : الأول : أن الحصير المحبس والسجن . من الحصر وهو الحبس : يقال حصره يحصره حصرا ، إذا ضيق عليه وأحاط به .والثانى أن الحصير : البساط والفراش ، من الحصير الذى يفرش ، لأن العرب تسمى البساط الصغير حصيرا . . " .وبذلك نرى الآيات الكريمة ، قد حكت لنا قضاء الله - تعالى - فى بنى إسرائيل ، وساقت لنا لكى نعتبر ونتعظ ألوانا من سنن الله - تعالى - التى لا تتخلف ، والتى من أبرزها أن الإيمان والصلاح عاقبتهما الفلاح ، وأن الكفر والفساد عاقبتهما الشقاء ، ولعذاب الآخرة أشد وأبقى .هذا ، والذى يراجع ما قاله المفسرون فى بيان العباد الذين سلطهم الله - تعالى - على بنى إسرائيل بعد إفسادهم الأول والثانى فى الأرض ، يرى أقوالا متعددة يبدو على كثير منها الاضطراب والضعف .ومن ذلك ما أخرجه ابن جرير عن ابن عباس وابن مسعود - رضى الله عنهما - أن الله - تعالى - عهد إلى بنى إسرائيل فى التوراة ( لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الأرض مَرَّتَيْنِ ) فكان أول الفسادين قتل زكريا ، فبعث الله عليهم ملك النبط ، وكان يدعى " صحابين " فبعث الجنود ، وكانوا من أهل فارس . . فتحصنت بنو إسرائيل . . ودخل فيهم " بختنصر " - أحد جنود صحابين - وسمع أقوالهم . . الخ .وهذا الأثر من وجوه ضعفه ، أن غزو النبط ومعهم بختنصر لبنى إسرائيل سابق على زمان زكريا - عليه السلام - بحوالى ستة قرون .لأن الثابت تاريخيا أن بختنصر غزا بنى إسرائيل وانتصر عليهم ثلاث مرات : الأولى فى سنة 606 ق . م والثانية فى سنة 599 ق . م ، والثالة فى سنة 588 ق . م .وفى هذه المرة الثالثة أكثر القتل فيهم ، وساق الأحياء منهم أسارى إلى أرض بابل .أما زكريا - عليه السلام - فمن المعروف أنه كان معاصرا لعيسى - عليه السلام - أو مقاربا لعصره : فقد أخبرنا القرآن الكريم أن زكريا هو الذى تولى كفالة مريم أم عيسى .وإذاً فالقول بأن إفسادهم الأول كان لقتلهم زكريا ، وأن المسلط عليهم ملك النبط ومع " بختنصر " يتنافى مع الحقائق التاريخية .وفضلا عن ذلك ، فإن هذا الأثر اضطرابه ظاهر ، لأن " صحابين " ملك النبط ، هو الذى يسميه المؤرخون " سنحاريب " وكان ملكا للأشوريين ، وهو الذى غزا مملكة يهوذا سنة 713 ق . م أى قبل غزو بختنصر لها بأكثر من مائة سنة ، أى : أن بختنصر لم يكن معاصرا له .والرأى الذى نختاره : هو أن العباد الذين سلطهم الله على بنى إسرائيل بعد إفسادهم الأول ، هم جالوت وجنوده . ونستند فى اختيارنا لهذا الرأى إلى أمور من أهمها ما يلي :1- ذكر القرآن الكريم فى سورة البقرة ، عند عرضه لقصة القتال الذى دار بين طالوت قائد بنى إسرائيل ، وبين " جالوت " قائد أعدائهم ، ما يدل على أن بنى اسرائيل كانوا قبل ذلك مقهورين مهزومين من أعدائهم .ويتجلى هذا المعنى فى قوله - تعالى - : ( أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الملإ مِن بني إِسْرَائِيلَ مِن بَعْدِ موسى إِذْ قَالُواْ لِنَبِيٍّ لَّهُمُ ابعث لَنَا مَلِكاً نُّقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ الله قَالَ هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِن كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ القتال أَلاَّ تُقَاتِلُواْ قَالُواْ وَمَا لَنَآ أَلاَّ نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ الله وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِن دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَآئِنَا . . ) فقولهم - كما حكى القرآن عنهم - ( وَمَا لَنَآ أَلاَّ نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ الله وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِن دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَآئِنَا .. ) يدل دلالة قوية ، على أنهم كانوا قبل قتالهم لجالوت مهزومين هزيمة اضطرتهم إلى الخروج عن ديارهم ، وإلى مفارقة أبنائهم .2- قوله - تعالى - : ( ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الكرة عَلَيْهِمْ ) صريح فى أن الله - تعالى - نصر بنى إسرائيل - بعد أن تابوا وأنابوا - على أعدائهم .وهذا المعنى ينطبق على ماقصه القرآن علينا ، من أن بنى إسرائيل بقيادة طالوت قد انتصروا على جالوت وجنوده .قال - تعالى - : ( وَلَمَّا بَرَزُواْ لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْراً وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وانصرنا عَلَى القوم الكافرين فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ الله وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ الله الملك والحكمة وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَآءُ . . ) ولقد كان هذا النصر نعمة كبرى لبنى إسرائيل ، فقد جاءهم بعد أن أخرجوا من ديارهم وأبنائهم ، وبعد أن اعترضوا على اختيار طالوت ملكا عليهم ، وبعد أن قاتل مع طالوت عدد قليل منهم . ولاشك أن النصر فى هذه الحالة ، أدعى لطاعة الله - تعالى - وشكره على آلائه .3- قوله - تعالى - : ( وَأَمْدَدْنَاكُم بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيراً ) أكثر ما يكون انطباقا على عهد حكم طالوت ، وداود ، وسليمان لهم .ففى هذا العهد الذى دام زهاء ثمانين سنة ، ازدهرت مملكتهم ، وعز سلطانهم وأمدهم الله خلاله بالأموال الوفيرة ، وبالبنين الكثيرة ، وجعلهم أكثر من أعدائهم عددا وقوة .أما بعد هذا العهد ، بل وقبل هذا العهد ، فقد كانت حياتهم سلسلة من المآسى والنكبات .فبعد موت سليمان - عليه السلام - سنة 975 ق . م تقريبا ، انقسمت مملكتهم إلى قسمين : مملكة يهوذا فى الجنوب ، ومملكة إسرائيل فى الشمال ، واستمرتا فى صراع ونزاع حتى قضى الأشوريون سنة 721 ق . م على مملكة إسرائيل ، وقضى " بختنصر " على مملكة يهوذا سنة 588 ق . م .4- ذكر بعض المفسرين أن العباد الذين سلطهم الله عليهم بعد إفسادهم الأول هم جالوت وجنوده .أخرج ابن جرير وابن أبى حاتم عن ابن عباس فى قوله : ( فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ أُولاهُمَا بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَاداً لَّنَآ أُوْلِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ ) قال : بعث الله عليهم فى الأولى جالوت ، فجاس خلال ديارهم ، فسألوا الله - تعالى - أن يبعث لهم ملكا ، فبعث لهم طالوت ، فقاتلوا جالوت ، وانتصروا عليه ، وقتل داود جالوت ، ورجع إلى بنى اسرائيل ملكهم . فلما أفسدوا بعث الله عليهم فى المرة الآخرة " بختنصر " فخرب المساجد ، وتبر ما علوا تتبيرا . . .هذه بعض الأدلة التى تجعلنا نرجح أن المراد بالعباد الذين سلطهم الله - تعالى - على بنى إسرائيل بعد إفسادهم الأول فى الأرض ، هم جالوت وجنوده .أما العباد الذين سلطهم الله عليهم بعد إفسادهم الثانى ، فيرى كثير من المفسرين أنهم " بختنصر " وجنوده .وهذا الرأى ليس ببعيد عن الصواب ، لما ذكرنا قبل ذلك من تنكيله بهم ، وسوقهم أسارى إلى بابل سنة 588 ق . م .إلا أننا نؤثر على هذا الرأى ، أن يكون المسلط عليهم بعد إفسادهم الثانى ، هم الرومان بقيادة زعيمهم ، تيطس سنة 70 م . لأمور من أهمها : .1- أن الذى يتتبع التاريخ يرى أن رذائل بنى إسرائيل فى الفترة التى سبقت تنكيل " تيطس " بهم ، أشد وأكبر من الرذائل التى سبقت إذلال " بختنصر " لهم . فهم - على سبيل المثال - قبيل بطش الرومان بهم ، كانوا قد قتلوا من أنبياء الله زكريا ويحيى - عليهما السلام - ، وكانوا قد حاولوا قتل عيسى - عليه السلام - ولكن الله - تعالى - نجاه من شرورهم .2- ضربات الرومان - فى ذاتها - كانت أشد وأقسى على بنى اسرائيل . من ضربات " بختنصر " لهم .فمثلا عدد القتلى من اليهود على يد الرومان بقيادة " تيطس " بلغ مليون قتيل ، وبلغ عدد الأسرى نحو مائة ألف أسير .بينما عدد القتلى والأسرى منهم على يد " بختنصر " كان أقل من هذا العدد بكثير .ولقد وصف المؤرخون النكبة التى أوقعها الرومان بهم ، بأوصاف تفوق بكثير ما أوقعه البابليون بقيادة بختنصر بهم .يقول أحد الكتاب واصفا ما حل باليهود على يد " تيطس " الرومانى : كان " تيطس " فى الثلاثين من عمره ، حين وقف سنة 70 م أمام أسوار أورشليم على رأس جيشه ، بعد أن بدأت المدينة تعانى من أهوال الحصار .وبعد أن اقتحم " تيطس " وجنوده المدينة ، أصدر أمره إليهم : أن احرقوا وانهبوا واقتلوا ، فأموال اليهود وأعراضهم حلال لكم ، وقد أحرق الرومان معبد اليهود ودمروه ، وتحققت نبوءة المسيح - عليه السلام - حين قال : ستلقى هذه الأرض بؤسا وعنتا ، وسيحل الغضب على أهلها ، وسيسقطون صرعى على حد السيف ، ويسيرون عبيدا إلى كل مصر ، وستطأ أورشليم الأقدام .3- النكبة التى أنزلها الرومان بهم - من حيث آثارها - أشنع بكثير من النكبة التى أنزلها بختنصر بهم . لأنهم بعد تنكيل بختنصر بهم وأخذهم أسرى إلى بلاده وبقائهم فى الأسر زهاء خمسين سنة عادوا إلى ديارهم مرة أخرى ، بمساعدة " قورش " ملك الفرس ، الذى انتصر على " بختنصر " سنة 538 ق . م تقريبا ، وبدأوا يتكاثرون من جديد .أما بعد تنكيل " تيطس " بهم فلم تقم لهم قائمة ، ومزقوا فى الأرض شر ممزق ، وانقطع دابرهم كأمة .وقد صرح بهذا المعنى صاحب تاريخ الإِسرائيليين فقال بعد وصفه لما أوقعه " تيطس " بهم من ضربات : إلى هنا ينتهى تاريخ الإِسرائيليين كأمة ، فإنهم بعد خراب أورشليم على يد " تيطس " تفرقوا فى جميع بلاد الله ، وتاريخهم بعد ذلك ملحق بتاريخ الممالك التى توطنوها أو نزلوا فيها .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا (8)يقول تعالى ذكره: لعلّ ربكم يا بني إسرائيل أن يرحمكم بعد انتقامه منكم بالقوم الذين يبعثهم الله عليكم ليسوء مبعثه عليكم وجوهكم، وليدخلوا المسجد كما دخلوه أوّل مرّة، فيستنقذكم من أيديهم، وينتشلكم من الذلّ الذي يحله بكم، ويرفعكم من الخمولة التي تصيرون إليها، فيعزّكم بعد ذلك، وعسى من الله: واجب، وفعل الله ذلك بهم، فكثر عددهم بعد ذلك، ورفع خَساستهم، وجعل منهم الملوك والأنبياء، فقال جلّ ثناؤه لهم: وإن عدتم يا معشر بني إسرائيل لمعصيتي وخلاف أمري، وقتل رسلي، عدنا عليكم بالقتل والسِّباء، وإحلال الذلّ والصِّغار بكم، فعادوا، فعاد الله عليهم بعقابه وإحلال سخطه بهم.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك، قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا أبو كريب، قال: ثنا ابن عطية، عن عمر بن ثابت، عن أبيه، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، في قوله ( وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا ) قال: عادوا فعاد، ثم عادوا فعاد، ثم عادوا فعاد. قال: فسلَّط الله عليهم ثلاثة ملوك من ملوك فارس: سندبادان وشهربادان وآخر.حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قال: قال الله تبارك وتعالى بعد الأولى والآخرة ( وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا ) قال: فعادوا فسلَّط الله عليهم المؤمنين.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قال ( ) فعاد الله عليهم بعائدته ورحمته (وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنا) قال: عاد القوم بشرّ ما يحضرهم، فبعث الله عليهم ما شاء أن يبعث من نقمته وعقوبته، ثم كان ختام ذلك أن بعث الله عليهم هذا الحيّ من العرب، فهم في عذاب منهم إلى يوم القيامة؛ قال الله عزّ وجلّ في آية أخرى وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ .... الآية، فبعث الله عليهم هذا الحيّ من العرب.حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، قال ( وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا ) فعادوا، فبعث الله عليهم محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم، فهم يعطون الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون.حدثني يونس ، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قول الله تعالى ( ) قال بعد هذا(وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ) لما صنعتم لمثل هذا من قتل يحيى وغيره من الأنبياء (عُدْنا) إليكم بمثل هذا.وقوله ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل ذلك، فقال بعضهم: وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين سجنا يسجنون فيها.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا محمد بن مسعدة، قال: ثنا جعفر بن سليمان، عن أبي عمران ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) قال: سجنا.حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال : ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) يقول: جعل الله مأواهم فيها.حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) قال: مَحْبِسا حَصُورا.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) يقول: سجنا.حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله تعالى (حَصِيرًا) قال: يحصرون فيها.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) قال: يُحصرون فيها.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) سجنا يسجنون فيها حصروا فيها.حدثنا عليّ بن داود، قال: ثنا عبد الله بن صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن علي، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) يقول: سجنا.وقال آخرون: معناه : وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين فراشا ومهادا.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، قال : قال الحسن: الحصير: فِراش ومِهاد، وذهب الحسن بقوله هذا إلى أن الحصير في هذا الموضع عني به الحصير الذي يُبْسط ويفترش، وذلك أن العرب تسمي البساط الصغير حصيرا، فوجَّه الحسن معنى الكلام إلى أن الله تعالى جعل جهنم للكافرين به بساطا ومهادا، كما قال لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ وهو وجه حسن وتأويل صحيح، وأما الآخرون، فوجهوه إلى أنه فعيل من الحصر الذي هو الحبس. وقد بيَّنت ذلك بشواهده في سورة البقرة، وقد تسمي العرب الملك حصيرابمعنى أنه محصور: أي محجوب عن الناس، كما قال لبيد:وَمَقاَمــةٍ غُلْــبِ الرّقــابِ كـأنَّهُمْجِــنٌّ لَـدَى بـابِ الحَـصِيرِ قِيـامُ (1)يعني بالحصير: الملك، ويقال للبخيل: حصور وحصر: لمنعه ما لديه من المال عن أهل الحاجة، وحبسه إياه عن النفقة، كما قال الأخطل:وشَــارِبٍ مُـرْبِحٍ بالكـأْسِ نـادَمَنِيلا بــالحَصُورِ وَلا فِيهــا بِسَــوَّارِ (2)ويروى: بسآر. ومنه الحصر في المنطق لامتناع ذلك عليه، واحتباسه إذا أراده. ومنه أيضا الحصور عن النساء لتعذّر ذلك عليه، وامتناعه من الجماع، وكذلك الحصر في الغائط: احتباسه عن الخروج، وأصل ذلك كله واحد وإن اختلفت ألفاظه. فأما الحصيران: فالجنبان، كما قال الطرمّاح:قَلِيــلا تَتَـلَّى حاجَـةً ثُـمَّ عُـولِيَتْعَـلى كُـلّ مَفْـرُوشِ الحَصِيرَيْنِ بادِنِ (3)يعني بالحصيرين: الجنبيّن.والصواب من القول في ذلك عندي أن يقال: معنى ذلك ( وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا ) فراشا ومهادا لا يزايله من الحصير الذي بمعنى البساط، لأن ذلك إذا كان كذلك كان جامعا معنى الحبس والامتهاد، مع أن الحصير بمعنى البساط في كلام العرب أشهر منه بمعنى الحبس، وأنها إذا أرادت أن تصف شيئا بمعنى حبس شيء، فإنما تقول: هو له حاصر أو محصر، فأما الحصير فغير موجود في كلامهم، إلا إذا وصفته بأنه مفعول به، فيكون في لفظ فعيل، ومعناه مفعول به، ألا ترى بيت لبيد: لدى باب الحصير؟ فقال: لدى باب الحصير، لأنه أراد: لدى باب المحصور، فصرف مفعولا إلى فعيل. فأما فعيل في الحصر بمعنى وصفه بأنه الحاصر . فذلك ما لا نجده في كلام العرب، فلذلك قلت: قول الحسن أولى بالصواب في ذلك، وقد زعم بعض أهل العربية من أهل البصرة أن ذلك جائز، ولا أعلم لما قال وجها يصحّ إلا بعيدا وهو أن يقال: جاء حصير بمعنى حاصر، كما قيل: عليم بمعنى عالم، وشهيد بمعنى شاهد، ولم يسمع ذلك مستعملا في الحاصر كما سمعنا في عالم وشاهد.---------------------الهوامش :(1) البيت في (ديوان لبيد، طبع ليدن سنة 1891 ص 39) . والرواية فيه : "لدى طرف الحصير" . وروايته في (مجاز القرآن لأبي عبيدة ص 371) وفي (لسان العرب: قوم): كرواية المؤلف هنا. قالا: ويقال للملك حصير، لأنه محجوب. والمقامة والمقام المجلس، ومقامات الناس: مجالسهم والمقامة: السادة، والغلب: جمع أغلب، وصف من غلب غلبا (كفرح فرحا): إذا غلظت رقبته. وفي (اللسان: حصر) ذكر هذا الشاهد كرواية المؤلف مع وضع لفظة "وقماقم" في مكان: "ومقامة" وأشار إلى الرواية الأخرى. ثم قال: والحصير المحبس، وفي التنزيل: "وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا" ، قال القتيبي: هو من حصرته، أي حبسته. فهو محصور، وهذا حصيره، أي محبسه .(2) تقدم شرح هذا الشاهد في الجزء الثالث من هذا التفسير (ص 255).(3) البيت في ديوان الطرماح بن حكيم (طبع ليدن سنة 1927 ص 164) وقتلى الشيء: تتبعه وتتلى أيضا: بقي بقية من دينه. وعوليت: ذهب بها إلى العالية ، وهي نجد والحصير سفيفة تصنع من بردي وأسل ثم تفرش.
( عسى ربكم ( يا بني إسرائيل ( أن يرحمكم ( بعد انتقامه منكم فيرد الدولة إليكم ( وإن عدتم عدنا ( أي : إن عدتم إلى المعصية عدنا إلى العقوبة . قال قتادة : فعادوا فبعث الله عليهم محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم فهم يعطون الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون .( وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا ( سجنا ومحبسا من الحصر وهو الحبس .قال الحسن : حصيرا أي : فراشا . وذهب إلى الحصير الذي يبسط ويفرش .
ولم يعدهم الله في هذه المرة إلا بتوقع الرحمة دون رد الكرة ، فكان إيماء إلى أنهم لا مُلك لهم بعد هذه المرة . وبهذا تبين أن المشار إليه بهذه المرة الآخرة هو ما اقترفه اليهود من المفاسد والتمرد وقتل الأنبياء والصالحين والاعتداء على عيسى وأتباعه ، وقد أنذرهم النبي مَلاّخي في الإصحاحين الثالث والرابع من كتابه وأنذرهم زكرياء ويحيى وعيسى فلم يرعووا فضربهم الله الضربة القاضية بيد الرومان .وبيان ذلك : أن اليهود بعد أن عادوا إلى أورشليم وجددوا ملكهم ومسجدهم في زمن ( داريوس ) وأطلق لهم التصرف في بلادهم التي غلبهم عليها البابليون وكانوا تحت نفوذ مملكة فارس ، فمكثوا على ذلك مائتي سنة من سنة 530 إلى سنة 330 قبل المسيح ، ثم أخذ ملكهم في الانحلال بهجوم البطالسة ملوك مصر على أورشليم فصاروا تحت سلطانهم إلى سنة 166 قبل المسيح إذ قام قائد من إسرائيل اسمه ( ميثيا ) وكان من اللاويين فانتصر لليهود وتولى الأمر عليهم وتسلسل الملك بعده في أبنائه في زمن مليء بالفتن إلى سنة أربعين قبل المسيح . دخلت المملكة تحت نفوذ الرومانيين وأقاموا عليها أمراء من اليهود كان أشهرهم ( هيرودس ) ثم تمردوا للخروج على الرومانيين ، فأرسَل فيصر رومية القائدَ ( سيسيَانوس ) مع ابنه القائد ( طيطوس ) بالجيوش في حدود سنة أربعين بعد المسيح فخربت أورشليم واحترق المسجد ، وأسر ( طيطوس ) نيفاً وتسعين ألفاً من اليهود ، وقُتل من اليهود في تلك الحروب نحو ألف ألف ، ثم استعادوا المدينة وبقي منهم شرذمة قليلة بها إلى أن وافاهم الأمبراطور الروماني ( أدريانوس ) فهدمها وخربها ورمى قناطير المِلح على أرضها كيلا تعود صالحة للزراعة ، وذلك سنة 135 للمسيح . وبذلك انتهى أمر اليهود وانقرض ، وتفرقوا في الأرض ولم تخرج أورشليم من حكم الرومان إلا حين فتحها المسلمون في زمن عمر بن الخطاب سنة 16 هـ. صلحاً مع أهلها وهي تسمى يومئذٍ ( إيلياء ).وقوله : { وإن عدتم عدنا } يجوز أن تكون الواو عاطفة على جملة { عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم } عطفَ الترهيب على الترغيب .ويجوز أن تكون معترضة والواو اعتراضية . والمعنى : بعد أن يرحمكم ربكم ويؤمنكم في البلاد التي تلْجأون إليها ، إن عدتم إلى الإفساد عدنا إلى عقابكم ، أي عدنا لمثل ما تقدم من عقاب الدنيا .وجملة { وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيراً } عطف على جملة { عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم } لإفادة أن ما ذكر قبله من عقاب إنما هو عقاب دنيوي وأن وراءه عقاب الآخرة .وفيه معنى التذييل لأن التعريف في { للكافرين } يعم المخاطبين وغيرهم . ويومىء هذا إلى أن عقابهم في الدنيا ليس مقصوراً على ذنوب الكفر بل هو منوط بالإفساد في الأرض وتعدي حدود الشريعة . وأما الكفر بتكذيب الرسل فقد حصل في المرة الآخرة فإنهم كذبوا عيسى ، وأما في المرة الأولى فلم تأتهم رسل ولكنهم قتلوا الأنبياء مثل أشعياء ، وأرمياء ، وقتل الأنبياء كفر .والحصير : المكان الذي يحصر فيه فلا يستطاع الخروج منه ، فهو إما فعيل بمعنى فاعل ، وإما بمعنى مفعول على تقدير متعلق ، أي محصور فيه .
{ عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَنْ يَرْحَمَكُمْ } فيديل لكم الكرة عليهم، فرحمهم وجعل لهم الدولة. وتوعدهم على المعاصي فقال: { وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ } إلى الإفساد في الأرض { عُدْنَا } إلى عقوبتكم، فعادوا لذلك فسلط الله عليهم رسوله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم فانتقم الله به منهم، فهذا جزاء الدنيا وما عند الله من النكال أعظم وأشنع، ولهذا قال: { وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا } يصلونها ويلازمونها لا يخرجون منها أبدا. وفي هذه الآيات التحذير لهذه الأمة من العمل بالمعاصي لئلا يصيبهم ما أصاب بني إسرائيل، فسنة الله واحدة لا تبدل ولا تغير. ومن نظر إلى تسليط الكفرة على المسلمين والظلمة، عرف أن ذلك من أجل ذنوبهم عقوبة لهم وأنهم إذا أقاموا كتاب الله وسنة رسوله، مكن لهم في الأرض ونصرهم على أعدائهم.
قوله تعالى : عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم وإن عدتم عدنا وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا [ ص: 202 ] قوله تعالى : عسى ربكم أن يرحمكم وهذا مما أخبروا به في كتابهم . وعسى وعد من الله أن يكشف عنهم . وعسى من الله واجبة . أن يرحمكم بعد انتقامه منكم ، وكذلك كان ; فكثر عددهم وجعل منهم الملوك .وإن عدتم عدنا قال قتادة : فعادوا فبعث الله عليهم محمدا - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ; فهم يعطون الجزية بالصغار ; وروي عن ابن عباس . وهذا خلاف ما تقدم في الحديث وغيره وقال القشيري : وقد حل العقاب ببني إسرائيل مرتين على أيدي الكفار ، ومرة على أيدي المسلمين . وهذا حين عادوا فعاد الله عليهم .وعلى هذا يصح قول قتادة . وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا أي محبسا وسجنا ، من الحصر وهو الحبس . قال الجوهري : يقال حصره يحصره حصرا ضيق عليه وأحاط به . والحصير : الضيق البخيل . والحصير : البارية . والحصير : الجنب ، قال الأصمعي : هو ما بين العرق الذي يظهر في جنب البعير والفرس معترضا فما فوقه إلى منقطع الجنب . والحصير : الملك ; لأنه محجوب . قال لبيد :وقماقم غلب الرقاب كأنهم جن لدى باب الحصير قيامويروى :ومقامة غلب الرقاب . . .على أن يكون ( غلب ) بدلا من ( مقامة ) كأنه قال : ورب غلب الرقاب . وروي عن أبي عبيدة :. . . لدى طرف الحصير قيامأي عند طرف البساط للنعمان بن المنذر . والحصير : المحبس ; قال الله - تعالى - : وجعلنا جهنم للكافرين حصيرا . قال القشيري : ويقال للذي يفترش حصيرا ; لحصر بعضه على بعض بالنسج . وقال الحسن : أي فراشا ومهادا ; ذهب إلى الحصير الذي يفرش ، لأن العرب تسمي البساط الصغير حصيرا . قال الثعلبي : وهو وجه حسن .
Various calamities inclined the Children of Israel to turn back to God once again. They were then given divine assistance through the agency of Cyrus, the King of Iran, who attacked and captured Babylon in 539 B.C., having defeated its ruler. Cyrus showed his favour to the Jews by allowing them to leave Babylon and return to their native place, Palestine. There, after a long time, they constructed their temple once again. However, the corruption, which had prevailed in the previous generation of the Jews, began to set in in the new generation also. In the meantime, they faced many vicissitudes. Their own prophets, John the Baptist and Jesus, who rose from among them, criticized their behaviour, revealing the irreligiousness they indulged in in the name of religion. This enraged the Jews. They went so far as to kill John the Baptist and were prepared to crucify Jesus. Then the wrath of God descended upon them once again. In the year 70 A.C., the Roman King, Titus, attacked Jerusalem and destroyed it completely. The Jews recognize these events as a part of their history, but when they mention these historical facts, they attribute them to the oppression of tyrants. The Quran, however, very clearly attributes them to the behaviour of the People of the Book themselves. This shows that political conditions are always subject to moral conditions. No tyrant oppresses any community unless the corruption of the religious and moral conditions of that community gives him the opportunity to do so, i.e. it allows him to make them his victims.
After having mentioned these two events, Allah Ta’ ala declared His Law in such matters by saying: إِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا (If you do this again, We shall do that again - 8). This law which means - if you return to disobedience and contumacy, We shall, once again, make a similar penalty and punishment zoom back upon you' - has been declared as valid right through the last day of Qiyamah. That its addressees were the people of Bani Isra'il who were present during the blessed time of the Holy Prophet ﷺ serves as a reminder to them. It is being pointed out to them that they should not forget that they were seized by divine punishment twice when they had first opposed the code of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ، and then the code of Sayyidna 'Isa (علیہ السلام) . Now this was the period of the Code of laws brought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ . This was a period that will continue up to the Last Day. Let them, therefore, realize that the fate of those who chose to be hostile to it will turn out to be no different. Consequently, this was actually happened. These people became hostile to Islam and the religious code of laws brought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ . When they did that, they were expelled and disgraced at the hands of Muslims, and finally Baytul-Maqdis, their Qiblah, too came under Muslim control. However, the only difference was that their past conquering kings had treated them disgracefully and had desecrated their Qiblah too. Now when Muslims took over Baytul-Maqdis, they reconstructed the great Mosque of al-Quds ash-Sharif which was lying demolished and desolate for centuries and thereby reinstated the honor and reverence of the Qiblah of prophets.
The events of Bani Isra'il are a lesson for Muslims and what has happened to Baytul-Maqdis in our time is a part of the same chain
Obviously, the purpose of narrating these events relating to the Bani Isra'il in the Qur'an and making Muslims listen to them is to let Muslims understand that they are no exceptions to this divine law. Be it this mortal world or the eternal universe of their Faith, their honor and ascendancy, possessions and wealth are inseparably tied with obedience to Allah. Whenever they veer away from their obedience to Allah and the Holy Prophet ﷺ their enemies and disbelieving tyrants of all sorts shall be empowered to prevail over them. When this happens, the desecration of their places of worship will also not remain too far.
The calamity of the Jewish usurpation of Baytul-Maqdis in our time and the added sacrilege of setting fire to it has thrown the world of Islam into acute anxiety. In reality, it is confirming the Qur'an. Muslims forgot Allah and His Rasul ﷺ ، ignored the life waiting for them in the Hereafter and opted to scrounge for their share in the glamour and grandeur of the mortal world. When they became aliens to the dictates of the Qur’ an, and Sunnah, the same divine law stood activated before them. A few hundred thousand Jews overcame them. They also inflicted the loss of life and property on them. Worse still is the fate of one of the three greatest mosques of the world according to the religious law of Islam, a mosque that has the distinction of being the Qiblah of all prophets. It was snatched from them and those who took it over had a track record of being the most disgraced people in this world, that is, the Jews. In addition to that, it is common observation that these people stand nowhere close to Muslims in terms of their numbers, nor do they have some signif-icant superiority over the current collective Muslim holdings of war materials. This also tells us that this event does not really give Jews any niche of honour in the annals of world nations. However, it does provide punishment for Muslims in return for their disobedience. It clearly shows that everything that came to pass came as the punishment of our own misdeeds. And it also shows that there is no remedy for it except that we should feel ashamed of our misdeeds, make a genuine taubah (repentance), start obeying the commandments of Allah, become true Muslims and shun the great sins of imitating and trusting others. If we were to do just that, insha'Allah, true to the Divine promise, Baytul-Maqdis and Palestine shall return to us. But, it is regrettable that the present-day Arab rulers and common Muslims living in Arab lands have yet to be alerted to that reality. They are still relying on foreign assistance while making plans of taking Baytul-Maqdis back, something that does not appear to be probable, at least outwardly. Where else shall we lodge our plaint but Allah!
The only weapon system and military hardware with which Baytul-Maqdis and Palestine can return to Muslim hands are still there waiting to be picked up - Return to Allah, genuinely and passionately. Have certitude of Akhirah. Obey the injunctions of the Shari'ah. Stay away from imitating and trusting others in our social and political goals. Finally, let us place our trust in Allah and wage a purely Islamic Jihad as enjoined by the Shari'ah. May Allah Ta` ala give our Arab rulers and other Muslims the ability to answer the challenge effectively.
A strange coincidence
Allah Ta` ala has made two places on this Earth to serve as the Qiblah or orientation for those who worship Him, the Baytul-Maqdis and the Baytullah. But, the divine law relating to each of them is different. That Baytullah shall be protected and that disbelievers shall never take it over is a security concern that Allah Ta’ ala has taken it upon Himself. The Event of the Elephant mentioned in Surah al-Fil (105) of the Holy Qur'an came as its result. When the Christian king of Yaman (Abrahah al-Ashram) invaded Baytullah, Allah Ta’ ala destroyed him and his army along with the contingent of elephants he had brought, through birds, much before he could reach Baytullah.
But, this law does not apply in the case of Baytul-Maqdis. Instead, as the verses cited above tell us, when Muslims go astray and start indulging in disobedience and sin, this Qiblah will be snatched away from them and it will pass into the control of disbelievers.
Disbelievers too are the servants of Allah, but not among the accepted ones
About the first event (5), the Holy Qur’ an said: When the people of Faith start letting them be seduced to discord, sin, disobedience and disorder, Allah Ta’ ala shall set upon them such servants of His as would break into their homes killing and plundering. At this place, the Qur’ an has used the expression: عِباداً لَّنَا (` ibadal-lana: Some servants belonging to Us) and not: عِبَادَنَا (` ibadana: Our servants) - even though it was brief. There is wisdom behind it. Is it not that the attribution of a servant to Allah is, for him, the greatest conceivable honor? This is similar to what we have explained at the beginning of this very Surah under our comments on the first verse: أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ (asra' bi` abdihi: made His servant travel at night). There it was said that certainly great was the honour and nearness the Holy Prophet ﷺ was blessed with during the night of the Mi` raj. But, when the Qur'an describes this event, it does not mention either his blessed name or some attribute. It simply said: عَبْدِهِ (abdihi: His servant). This tells us that the ultimate perfection a human person can have, and the highest station he can occupy, is that Allah Ta’ ala chooses to cherish a servant by calling him 'His' servant. In the verse under reference, the people who meted out the punishment to the Bani Isra'il were kafirs, or disbelievers after all. Therefore, instead of calling them: عِبَادِنَا (Our servants), Allah Ta’ ala has broken the element of attribution and connection and said: عِبَاداًلَّنا (some servants belonging to Us). Thus, a hint has been given here that all human beings are nothing but servants of Allah as created, but because of the absence of 'Iman or faith, they are not the kind of accepted servants who could be attributed directly to Allah Ta` ala.
(It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you) after that, (but if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment)) it is also said that this means: if you return to doing good, We will return to bestowing mercy on you, (and We have appointed hell a dungeon) a prison and jail (for the disbelievers).
�but if you revert, We too revert�Sahl said:It means, �If you revert to transgression, We revert to forgiveness; and if you revert to turning your backs on Us, We revert to advancing towards you; and if you revert to fleeing from Us, We revert to barring the ways [of escape] for you. Return to Us for the way (ṭarīq) is taken care of by Us.� His words:
It was mentioned in the Tawrah that the Jews would spread Mischief twice
Allah tells us that He made a declaration to the Children of Israel in the Scripture, meaning that He had already told them in the Book which He revealed to them, that they would cause mischief on the earth twice, and would become tyrants and extremely arrogant, meaning they would become shameless oppressors of people, Allah says:
وَقَضَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الاٌّمْرَ أَنَّ دَابِرَ هَـؤُلآْءِ مَقْطُوعٌ مُّصْبِحِينَ
(And We made known this decree to him, that the root of those (sinners) was to be cut off in the early morning.)(15:66), meaning, We already told him about that and informed him of it.
The First Episode of Mischief caused by the Jews, and their Punishment for it
فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ أُولَـهُمَا
(So, when the promise came for the first of the two) meaning the first of the two episodes of mischief.
بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَادًا لَّنَآ أُوْلِى بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ
(We sent against you servants of Ours given to terrible warfare.) means, `We unleashed soldiers against you from among Our creatures who were given to terrible warfare,' i.e., they had great strength and weapons and power. They entered the very innermost parts of your homes, meaning they took possession of your land and invaded the very innermost parts of your homes, going between and through your houses, coming and going freely with no fear of anyone. This was the promise (completely) fulfilled. The earlier and later commentators differed over the identity of these invaders. Many Isra'iliyyat (reports from Jewish sources) were narrated about this, but I did not want to make this book too long by mentioning them, because some of them are fabricated, concocted by their heretics, and others may be true, but we have no need of them, praise be to Allah. What Allah has told us in His Book (the Qur'an) is sufficient and we have no need of what is in the other books that came before. Neither Allah nor His Messenger required us to refer to them. Allah told His Messenger that when (the Jews) committed transgression and aggression, Allah gave their enemies power over them to destroy their country and enter the innermost parts of their homes. Their humiliation and subjugation was a befitting punishment, and your Lord is never unfair or unjust to His servants. They had rebelled and killed many of the Prophets and scholars. Ibn Jarir recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id said: "I heard Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib saying: `Nebuchadnezzar conquered Ash-Sham (Greater Syria, including Palestine), destroying Jerusalem and killing them, then he came to Damascus and found blood boiling in a censer. He asked them: What is this blood They said: We found our forefathers doing this. Because of that blood, he killed seventy thousand of the believers and others, then the blood stopped boiling. This report is Sahih from Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, and this event is well-known, as he (Nebuchadnezzar) killed their nobles and scholars, and did not leave alive anyone who knew the Tawrah by heart. He took many prisoners from the sons of the Prophets and others, and did many other things that would take too long to mention here. If we had found anything that was correct or close enough, we could have written it and reported it here. And Allah knows best. Then Allah says:
إِنْ أَحْسَنتُمْ أَحْسَنتُمْ لاًّنفُسِكُمْ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا
((And We said): "If you do good, you do good for your own selves, and if you do evil (you do it) against yourselves.") As Allah says elsewhere:
مَّنْ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَلِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيْهَا
(Whosoever does a righteous good deed, it is for (the benefit of) himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself.) 45:15
The Second Episode of Mischief
Then Allah says:
فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ الاٌّخِرَةِ
(Then, when the second promise came to pass,) meaning, the second episode of mischief, when your enemies came again,
لِيَسُوءُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ
((We permitted your enemies) to disgrace your faces) meaning, to humiliate you and subdue you,
وَلِيَدْخُلُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ
(and to enter the Masjid) meaning, Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).
كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
(as they had entered it before,) when they entered the very innermost parts of your homes.
وَلِيُتَبِّرُواْ
(and to destroy) wrecking and inflicting ruin upon it.
مَا عَلَوْاْ
(all that fell in their hands.) everything they could get their hands on.
تَتْبِيرًاعَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يَرْحَمَكُمْ
(with utter destruction. It may be that your Lord may show mercy unto you) meaning that He may rid you of them.
وَإِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا
(but if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our punishment).) meaning, if you return to causing mischief,
عُدْنَا
(We shall return) means, We `will once again punish you in this world, along with the punishment and torment We save for you in the Hereafter.'
وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ حَصِيرًا
(And We have made Hell a prison Hasir for the disbelievers.) meaning, a place of permanent detention, a prison which cannot be avoided or escaped. Ibn `Abbas said, "Hasir here means a jail." Mujahid said, "They will be detained in it." Others said like- wise. Al-Hasan said, "Hasir means a bed of Fire." Qatadah said: "The Children of Israel returned to aggres- sion, so Allah sent this group against them, Muhammad ﷺ and his companions, who made them pay the Jizyah, with willing submission, and feeling themselves subdued."
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return. This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, “Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.” And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, “If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.” This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: “When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.”
Perhaps your Lord will have mercy upon you. And if you return, We will return.This verse is a strong handhold and a beautiful caress for the hopeful. In other words, �Perhaps He who nurtures you and feeds you with His bounty will have mercy upon you. There is hope that the Lord who created you gratis out of His bounty, who nourished you with His blessings, who kept you in His guarding and solicitude with His gentleness, and who preserved you from blights and disliked things will have mercy on you in the end and finish the work that He Himself began with bounty.�And if you return, We will return. Sahl ibn ʿAbdallāh said, �If you return to fleeing from Us, We will return to taking the path against you so that you will return to Us.� This is just like what MuṣṬafā said, recounting from God: �When I know that occupation with Me has overpowered My servant's heart, I put My servant's appetite into asking from Me and whispering to Me. When My servant is like that and he desires to be negligent of Me, I come between him and his negligence of Me.�
Various calamities inclined the Children of Israel to turn back to God once again. They were then given divine assistance through the agency of Cyrus, the King of Iran, who attacked and captured Babylon in 539 B.C., having defeated its ruler. Cyrus showed his favour to the Jews by allowing them to leave Babylon and return to their native place, Palestine. There, after a long time, they constructed their temple once again. However, the corruption, which had prevailed in the previous generation of the Jews, began to set in in the new generation also. In the meantime, they faced many vicissitudes. Their own prophets, John the Baptist and Jesus, who rose from among them, criticized their behaviour, revealing the irreligiousness they indulged in in the name of religion. This enraged the Jews. They went so far as to kill John the Baptist and were prepared to crucify Jesus. Then the wrath of God descended upon them once again. In the year 70 A.C., the Roman King, Titus, attacked Jerusalem and destroyed it completely. The Jews recognize these events as a part of their history, but when they mention these historical facts, they attribute them to the oppression of tyrants. The Quran, however, very clearly attributes them to the behaviour of the People of the Book themselves. This shows that political conditions are always subject to moral conditions. No tyrant oppresses any community unless the corruption of the religious and moral conditions of that community gives him the opportunity to do so, i.e. it allows him to make them his victims.
After having mentioned these two events, Allah Ta’ ala declared His Law in such matters by saying: إِنْ عُدتُّمْ عُدْنَا (If you do this again, We shall do that again - 8). This law which means - if you return to disobedience and contumacy, We shall, once again, make a similar penalty and punishment zoom back upon you' - has been declared as valid right through the last day of Qiyamah. That its addressees were the people of Bani Isra'il who were present during the blessed time of the Holy Prophet ﷺ serves as a reminder to them. It is being pointed out to them that they should not forget that they were seized by divine punishment twice when they had first opposed the code of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ، and then the code of Sayyidna 'Isa (علیہ السلام) . Now this was the period of the Code of laws brought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ . This was a period that will continue up to the Last Day. Let them, therefore, realize that the fate of those who chose to be hostile to it will turn out to be no different. Consequently, this was actually happened. These people became hostile to Islam and the religious code of laws brought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ . When they did that, they were expelled and disgraced at the hands of Muslims, and finally Baytul-Maqdis, their Qiblah, too came under Muslim control. However, the only difference was that their past conquering kings had treated them disgracefully and had desecrated their Qiblah too. Now when Muslims took over Baytul-Maqdis, they reconstructed the great Mosque of al-Quds ash-Sharif which was lying demolished and desolate for centuries and thereby reinstated the honor and reverence of the Qiblah of prophets.
The events of Bani Isra'il are a lesson for Muslims and what has happened to Baytul-Maqdis in our time is a part of the same chain
Obviously, the purpose of narrating these events relating to the Bani Isra'il in the Qur'an and making Muslims listen to them is to let Muslims understand that they are no exceptions to this divine law. Be it this mortal world or the eternal universe of their Faith, their honor and ascendancy, possessions and wealth are inseparably tied with obedience to Allah. Whenever they veer away from their obedience to Allah and the Holy Prophet ﷺ their enemies and disbelieving tyrants of all sorts shall be empowered to prevail over them. When this happens, the desecration of their places of worship will also not remain too far.
The calamity of the Jewish usurpation of Baytul-Maqdis in our time and the added sacrilege of setting fire to it has thrown the world of Islam into acute anxiety. In reality, it is confirming the Qur'an. Muslims forgot Allah and His Rasul ﷺ ، ignored the life waiting for them in the Hereafter and opted to scrounge for their share in the glamour and grandeur of the mortal world. When they became aliens to the dictates of the Qur’ an, and Sunnah, the same divine law stood activated before them. A few hundred thousand Jews overcame them. They also inflicted the loss of life and property on them. Worse still is the fate of one of the three greatest mosques of the world according to the religious law of Islam, a mosque that has the distinction of being the Qiblah of all prophets. It was snatched from them and those who took it over had a track record of being the most disgraced people in this world, that is, the Jews. In addition to that, it is common observation that these people stand nowhere close to Muslims in terms of their numbers, nor do they have some signif-icant superiority over the current collective Muslim holdings of war materials. This also tells us that this event does not really give Jews any niche of honour in the annals of world nations. However, it does provide punishment for Muslims in return for their disobedience. It clearly shows that everything that came to pass came as the punishment of our own misdeeds. And it also shows that there is no remedy for it except that we should feel ashamed of our misdeeds, make a genuine taubah (repentance), start obeying the commandments of Allah, become true Muslims and shun the great sins of imitating and trusting others. If we were to do just that, insha'Allah, true to the Divine promise, Baytul-Maqdis and Palestine shall return to us. But, it is regrettable that the present-day Arab rulers and common Muslims living in Arab lands have yet to be alerted to that reality. They are still relying on foreign assistance while making plans of taking Baytul-Maqdis back, something that does not appear to be probable, at least outwardly. Where else shall we lodge our plaint but Allah!
The only weapon system and military hardware with which Baytul-Maqdis and Palestine can return to Muslim hands are still there waiting to be picked up - Return to Allah, genuinely and passionately. Have certitude of Akhirah. Obey the injunctions of the Shari'ah. Stay away from imitating and trusting others in our social and political goals. Finally, let us place our trust in Allah and wage a purely Islamic Jihad as enjoined by the Shari'ah. May Allah Ta` ala give our Arab rulers and other Muslims the ability to answer the challenge effectively.
A strange coincidence
Allah Ta` ala has made two places on this Earth to serve as the Qiblah or orientation for those who worship Him, the Baytul-Maqdis and the Baytullah. But, the divine law relating to each of them is different. That Baytullah shall be protected and that disbelievers shall never take it over is a security concern that Allah Ta’ ala has taken it upon Himself. The Event of the Elephant mentioned in Surah al-Fil (105) of the Holy Qur'an came as its result. When the Christian king of Yaman (Abrahah al-Ashram) invaded Baytullah, Allah Ta’ ala destroyed him and his army along with the contingent of elephants he had brought, through birds, much before he could reach Baytullah.
But, this law does not apply in the case of Baytul-Maqdis. Instead, as the verses cited above tell us, when Muslims go astray and start indulging in disobedience and sin, this Qiblah will be snatched away from them and it will pass into the control of disbelievers.
Disbelievers too are the servants of Allah, but not among the accepted ones
About the first event (5), the Holy Qur’ an said: When the people of Faith start letting them be seduced to discord, sin, disobedience and disorder, Allah Ta’ ala shall set upon them such servants of His as would break into their homes killing and plundering. At this place, the Qur’ an has used the expression: عِباداً لَّنَا (` ibadal-lana: Some servants belonging to Us) and not: عِبَادَنَا (` ibadana: Our servants) - even though it was brief. There is wisdom behind it. Is it not that the attribution of a servant to Allah is, for him, the greatest conceivable honor? This is similar to what we have explained at the beginning of this very Surah under our comments on the first verse: أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ (asra' bi` abdihi: made His servant travel at night). There it was said that certainly great was the honour and nearness the Holy Prophet ﷺ was blessed with during the night of the Mi` raj. But, when the Qur'an describes this event, it does not mention either his blessed name or some attribute. It simply said: عَبْدِهِ (abdihi: His servant). This tells us that the ultimate perfection a human person can have, and the highest station he can occupy, is that Allah Ta’ ala chooses to cherish a servant by calling him 'His' servant. In the verse under reference, the people who meted out the punishment to the Bani Isra'il were kafirs, or disbelievers after all. Therefore, instead of calling them: عِبَادِنَا (Our servants), Allah Ta’ ala has broken the element of attribution and connection and said: عِبَاداًلَّنا (some servants belonging to Us). Thus, a hint has been given here that all human beings are nothing but servants of Allah as created, but because of the absence of 'Iman or faith, they are not the kind of accepted servants who could be attributed directly to Allah Ta` ala.
(It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you) after that, (but if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment)) it is also said that this means: if you return to doing good, We will return to bestowing mercy on you, (and We have appointed hell a dungeon) a prison and jail (for the disbelievers).
�but if you revert, We too revert�Sahl said:It means, �If you revert to transgression, We revert to forgiveness; and if you revert to turning your backs on Us, We revert to advancing towards you; and if you revert to fleeing from Us, We revert to barring the ways [of escape] for you. Return to Us for the way (ṭarīq) is taken care of by Us.� His words: