Mary — Verse 14

The Birth of the Boy and His Characteristics This also implies what is not mentioned, that this promised boy was born and he was Yahya. There is also the implication that Allah taught him the Book, the Tawrah which they used to study among themselves. The Prophets who were sent to the Jews used to rule according to the Tawrah, as did the scholars and rabbis among them. He was still young in age when Allah gave him this knowledge. This is the reason that Allah mentioned it. Because of how Allah favored him and his parents, He says, ييَحْيَى خُذِ الْكِتَـبَ بِقُوَّةٍ (O Yahya! Hold fast to the Scripture the Tawrah.) Means, "Learn the Book with strength." In other words, learn it well, with zeal and studious effort. وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً (And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) This means he was given understanding, knowledge, fortitude, diligence and zeal for good and the pursuit of good. He was blessed with these characteristics even though he was young. Allah said, وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا (And (made him) Hananan from Us,) 19:13 Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا (And Hananan from Us, ) "This means mercy from Us." `Ikrimah, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak all said the same. Ad-Dahhak added, "Mercy that no one would be able to give except Us." Qatadah added, "With it, Allah had mercy upon Zakariyya." Mujahid said, وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا (And Hananan from Us,) "This was gentleness from His Lord upon him." The apparent meaning is that Allah's statement Hananan (affection, compassion) is directly related to His statement, وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً (and We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) meaning, "We gave him wisdom, compassion and purity." This means that he was a compassionate man, who was righteous. Hanan means the love for affection and tenderness (towards others). Concerning Allah's statement, وَزَكَوةً (and Zakatan,) This is related to His statement, وَحَنَانًا (And Hananan) The word Zakah means purity from filth, wickedness and sins. Qatadah said, "The word Zakah means the righteous deed." Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Jurayj both said, "The righteous deed is the pure (Zakah) deed." Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, وَزَكَوةً (and Zakatan,) "This means that he was a blessing." وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا (and he was pious.)19:13 meaning that he was pure and had no inclination to do sins. Allah said; وَبَرًّا بِوَلِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً (And dutiful to his parents, and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) After Allah mentioned Yahya's obedience to his Lord and that Allah created him full of mercy, purity and piety, He attached to it his obedience to his parents and his good treatment of them. Allah mentioned that he refrained from disobeying them in speech, actions, commands and prohibitions. Due to this Allah says, وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً (and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) Then, after mentioning these beautiful characteristics, Allah mentions his reward for this, وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً (And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This means that he had security and safety in these three circumstances. Sufyan bin `Uyaynah said, "The loneliest that a man will ever feel is in three situations. The first situation is on the day that he is born, when he sees himself coming out of what he was in. The second situation is on the day that he dies, when he sees people that he will not see anymore. The third situation is on the day when he is resurrected, when he sees himself in the great gathering. Allah has exclusively honored Yahya, the son of Zakariyya, by granting him peace in these situations. Allah says, وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً (And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This narration was reported by Ibn Jarir, from Ahmad bin Mansur Al-Marwazi, from Sadaqah bin Al-Fadl, from Sufyan bin `Uyaynah.

and dutiful to his parents that is virtuous towards them. And he was not arrogant or rebellious disobedient to his Lord.

وكان بارًّا بوالديه مطيعًا لهما، ولم يكن متكبرًا عن طاعة ربه، ولا عن طاعة والديه، ولا عاصيًا لربه، ولا لوالديه.

وقوله "وبرا بوالديه ولم يكن جبارا عصيا" لما ذكر تعالى طاعته لربه وأنه خلقه ذا رحمة وزكاة وتقى عطف بذكر طاعته لوالديه وبره بهما ومجانبته عقوقهما قولا وفعلا أمرا ونهيا ولهذا قال "ولم يكن جبارا عصيا".

ثم أضاف - سبحانه - إلى تلك الصفات الكريمة ليحيى صفات أخرى فقال : ( وَبَرّاً بِوَالِدَيْهِ ) أى : وجعلناه كثير البر بوالديه ، والإحسان إليهما .( وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً ) أى : مستكبرا متعاليا مغرورا ( عَصِيّاً ) أى : ولم يكن ذا معصية ومخالفة لأمر ربه .

يقول تعالى ذكره: وكان برّا بوالديه، مسارعا في طاعتهما ومحبتهما ، غير عاقّ بهما(وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: ولم يكن مستكبرا عن طاعة ربه وطاعة والديه، ولكنه كان لله ولوالديه متواضعا متذللا يأتمر لما أمر به، وينتهي عما نُهِي عنه، لا يَعْصِي ربه، ولا والديه.وقوله (عَصِيًّا) فعيل بمعنى أنه ذو عصيان، من قول القائل: عَصَى فلان ربه، فهو يعصيه عصيا.

( وبرا بوالديه ) أي : بارا لطيفا بهما محسنا إليهما . ( ولم يكن جبارا عصيا ) و " الجبار " : المتكبر ، وقيل : " الجبار " : الذي يضرب ويقتل على الغضب ، و " العصي " : العاصي .

وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا (14)وكذلك عطف بروره بوالديه على كونه تقياً للدلالة على تمكنه من هذا الوصف .والبرور : الإكرام والسعي في الطاعة . والبَرّ بفتح الباء وصف على وزن المصدر ، فالوصف به مبالغة . وأما البِر بكسر الباء فهو اسم مصدر لعدم جريه على القياس .والجبّار : المستخف بحقوق الناس ، كأنه مشتق من الجبر ، وهو القسر والغصب . لأنّه يغصب حقوق النّاس .والعصيّ : فعيل من أمثلة المبالغة ، أي شديد العصيان ، والمبالغة منصرفة إلى النفي لا إلى المنفيّ . أي لم يكن عاصياً بالمرة .

{ و ْ} كان أيضا { بَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ ْ} أي: لم يكن عاقا، ولا مسيئا إلى أبويه، بل كان محسنا إليهما بالقول والفعل.{ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا ْ} أي: لم يكن متجبرا متكبرا عن عبادة الله، ولا مترفعا على عباد الله، ولا على والديه، بل كان متواضعا، متذللا، مطيعا، أوابا لله على الدوام، فجمع بين القيام بحق الله، وحق خلقه، ولهذا حصلت له السلامة من الله، في جميع أحواله، مبادئها وعواقبها

قوله تعالى : وبرا بوالديه البر بمعنى البار وهو الكثير البر . و جبارا متكبرا . وهذا وصف ليحيى - عليه السلام - بلين الجانب وخفض الجناح .

It is said that once during John’s childhood, some children asked him to come and play with them. He refused and said, ‘We have not been created for this.’ This shows that from his very childhood he was conscious that life should be purposeful. Sensitive by nature and possessed of a feeling heart, he was free of psychological complexes. He scrupulously fulfilled his duties to his parents and was completely devoid of arrogance or willfulness. These are the qualities that give man the ability never to diverge from the path of God’s Book. It is the possessor of such qualities who is showered with God’s mercy in this world and in the life hereafter.

حَنَانًا Literal meaning of this word is soft heartedness, compassion and mercy, and these qualities were specially granted to Sayyidna Yahya (علیہ السلام) .

(And dutiful towards his parents) he was kind to his parent. (And he was not arrogant) in his practice of Religion, ready to hurt when angry, (rebellious) disobedient of his Lord.