Ta Ha — Verse 22
20:22 · Ta Ha
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وَٱضۡمُمۡ یَدَكَ إِلَىٰ جَنَاحِكَ تَخۡرُجۡ بَیۡضَاۤءَ مِنۡ غَیۡرِ سُوۤءٍ ءَایَةً أُخۡرَىٰ ٢٢
wa-uḍ'mum yadaka ilā janāḥika takhruj bayḍāa min ghayri sūin āyatan ukh'r
Ta Ha / Ta Ha (20:22)
Connections 1 multi-source 3 single-source 4 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 3 verses
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Al-Qushairi Tafsir 1 verse 2 mentions total
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Kashani Tafsir 1 verse 2 mentions total
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Kashf Al-Asrar Tafsir 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
Now place your hand under your armpit and it will come out white, though unharmed: that is another sign
wa-uḍ'mum yadaka ilā janāḥika takhruj bayḍāa min ghayri sūin āyatan ukh'r
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Tafsir Commentary
The Hand of Musa turning White without any Disease
This is the second sign of Musa. That is Allah has commanded him to place his hand into the opening of his garment, as is clearly stated in another Ayah. It mentioned here merely as a passing reference, saying:
وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ
(And press your hand to your side:) Allah said in another Ayah,
وَاضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ الرَّهْبِ فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَـنِ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ
(And draw your hand close to your side to be free from fear. These are two signs from your Lord to Fir`awn and his chiefs.) 28:32 Mujahid said,
وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ
(And press your hand to your side:) "This means put your palm under your upper arm." When Musa put his hand into the opening of his garment and brought it out, it came out shining as if it were a half moon. Concerning His statement,
تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ
(it will come forth white, without any disease) This means without any leprosy, ailment, or disfigurement. This was stated by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and others. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He brought it out, and by Allah, it was as if it were a lamp. From this Musa knew that he had surely met his Lord, the Mighty and Sublime." This is why Allah says,
لِنُرِيَكَ مِنْ ءَايَـتِنَا الْكُبْرَى
(That We may show you (some) of Our greater signs.)
Allah commanded Musa to go to Fir`awn to convey the Message Allah said,
Allah commanded Musa to go to Fir`awn to convey the Message Allah said,
اذْهَبْ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَى
(Go to Fir`awn! Verily, he has transgressed.) This means, "Go to Fir`awn, the king of Egypt, whom you left Egypt fleeing from, and invite him to the worship of Allah alone, Who has no partners. Command him to treat the Children of Israel well and to not torment them. For verily, he has transgressed, oppressed, preferred the worldly life and forgotten the Most High Lord."
The Supplication of Musa
قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى
((Musa) said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest, and ease my task for me.") Musa requsted his Lord to expand his chest for his mission. For verily, He was commanding him with a great task and a weighty affair. He was sending him to the mightiest king on the face of the earth at that time. He was the most arrogant and severe of all people in his disbelief, and He had the largest army and the most powerful kingdom. He was the most tyrannical and the most obstinate of rulers. His case was such that he claimed not to know Allah at all, and that he knew of no god for his subjects other than himself. Along with this, Musa lived in his home for a period of time as a child. He stayed in Fir`awn's own room and slept on his bed. Then, after this, he killed one of their people and feared that they would retaliate by killing him in return. Thus, he fled from them and remained an outlaw during this entire time. Then, after all of this, His Lord sent him to them as a warner calling them to worship Allah alone, without associating partners with Him. This is why he said,
قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى
(O my Lord! Open for me my chest, and ease my task for me.) This means, "I cannot perform this task if You do not help me, aid me and support me."
وَاحْلُلْ عُقْدَةً مِّن لِّسَانِى - يَفْقَهُواْ قَوْلِي
(And loosen the knot from my tongue, that they understand my speech.) This is referring to the lisp that he had. This lisp was a result of an incident when he was presented a date and a hot coal stone and he placed the coal on his tongue instead of the date. A detailed explanation of this story is forthcoming in the following chapters. However, he did not ask Allah to remove this affliction all together. Rather, he asked for removal of his stammering so the people would understand what he intended in his speech. He was only asking for what was necessary to deliver his message. If he had asked for the removal of his affliction in its entirety, it would have been cured for him. However, the Prophets do not ask for any more than what is required. Therefore, he was left with the remnants of this accident that took place with his tongue. Allah informed of what Fir`awn said concerning him,
أَمْ أَنَآ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ هَـذَا الَّذِى هُوَ مَهِينٌ وَلاَ يَكَادُ يُبِينُ
(Am I not better than this one who is despicable and can scarcely express himself clearly)43:52 This means that he is not eloquent in speech. Concerning Allah's statement,
وَاجْعَل لِّى وَزِيراً مِّنْ أَهْلِى - هَـرُونَ أَخِى
(And appoint for me a helper from my family, Harun, my brother.) This was also a request from Musa concerning something not pertaining to himself. That was his request for the assistance of his brother, Harun. Ath-Thawri reported from Abu Sa`id, from `Ikrimah, who said that Ibn `Abbas said, "Harun was made a Prophet at the same moment that Musa was made a Prophet." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `A'ishah went out intending to perform `Umrah and stopped to camp among some bedouins. While she was among them she heard a man say, "Which brother in this life was the most beneficial to his brother" The people said, "We do not know." The man said, "By Allah, I know." `A'ishah said, "I said to myself about his swearing, that he should not swear such an oath, singling himself out as knowing what person was of most benefit to his brother." The man said, "It is Musa, when he asked for prophethood to be bestowed upon his brother." Then `A'ishah said, "By Allah, he has spoken truthfully." This is why Allah commended Musa by saying,
وَكَانَ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهاً
(And he was honorable before Allah.)33:69 Concerning Musa's statement,
اشْدُدْ بِهِ أَزْرِى
(Increase my strength with him.) Mujahid said, "This means to make my back strong."
وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى
(And let him share my task.) make him my consultant in this matter.
كَىْ نُسَبِّحَكَ كَثِيراً - وَنَذْكُرَكَ كَثِيراً
(That we may glorify You much, and remember You much.) Mujahid said, "A servant of Allah is not considered of those who remember Allah much until he remembers Allah while standing, sitting and lying down." Concerning his statement,
إِنَّكَ كُنتَ بِنَا بَصِيراً
(Verily, You are ever seeing us.) This means in Your choosing us, giving us the prophethood and sending us to Your enemy, Fir`awn. So unto You is all praise for this.
And thrust your hand the right one meaning the palm into your flank — that is your left side below the arm into the armpit and then take it out — it will emerge white in contrast to the skin-colour that it was without any fault that is without any sign of leprosy radiating like the rays of the sun blinding to the eyes of onlookers. That is yet another sign āyatan ukhrā this together with baydā’a ‘white’ constitute two circumstantial qualifiers referring to the subject of the verb takhruj ‘it will emerge’.
Clasp thy hand to thy side. It will come forth white without ugliness, as another sign. Moses had two miracles. One was outside of himself, namely the staff, and the other was within himself, namely the white hand. The staff was a sample of the signs of the horizons, and the white hand was a sample of the signs of the souls. The Lord of the Worlds built the road of tawḤīd on the recognition of these two. He says, “We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their souls until it is clear to them that He is the Real” [41:53].
Clasp thy hand to thy side. It will come forth white without ugliness, as another sign. Moses had two miracles. One was outside of himself, namely the staff, and the other was within himself, namely the white hand. The staff was a sample of the signs of the horizons, and the white hand was a sample of the signs of the souls. The Lord of the Worlds built the road of tawḤīd on the recognition of these two. He says, “We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their souls until it is clear to them that He is the Real” [41:53].
Clasp thy hand to thy side. It will come forth white without ugliness, as another sign. Moses had two miracles. One was outside of himself, namely the staff, and the other was within himself, namely the white hand. The staff was a sample of the signs of the horizons, and the white hand was a sample of the signs of the souls. The Lord of the Worlds built the road of tawḤīd on the recognition of these two. He says, “We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their souls until it is clear to them that He is the Real” [41:53].
Clasp thy hand to thy side. It will come forth white without ugliness, as another sign. Moses had two miracles. One was outside of himself, namely the staff, and the other was within himself, namely the white hand. The staff was a sample of the signs of the horizons, and the white hand was a sample of the signs of the souls. The Lord of the Worlds built the road of tawḤīd on the recognition of these two. He says, “We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their souls until it is clear to them that He is the Real” [41:53].
Clasp thy hand to thy side. It will come forth white without ugliness, as another sign.Moses had two miracles. One was outside of himself, namely the staff, and the other was within himself, namely the white hand. The staff was a sample of the signs of the horizons, and the white hand was a sample of the signs of the souls. The Lord of the Worlds built the road of tawḤīd on the recognition of these two. He says, �We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their souls until it is clear to them that He is the Real� [41:53].
قال الله لموسى: خذ الحية، ولا تَخَفْ منها، سوف نعيدها عصًا كما كانت في حالتها الأولى. واضمم يدك إلى جنبك تحت العَضُد تخرج بيضاء كالثلج من غير برص؛ لتكون لك علامة أخرى.
وهذا برهان ثان لموسى عليه السلام وهو أن الله أمره أن يدخل يده في جيبه كما صرح به في الآية الأخرى وههنا عبر عن ذلك بقوله واضمم يدك إلى جناحك وقال في مكان آخر واضمم إليك جناحك من الرهب فذانك برهانان من ربك إلى فرعون وملئه وقال مجاهد واضمم يدك إلى جناحك كفك تحت عضدك وذلك أن موسى عليه السلام كان إذا أدخل يده في جيبه ثم أخرجها تخرج تتلألأ كأنها فلقة قمر وقوله تخرج بيضاء من غير سوء" أي من غير برص ولاأذى ومن غير شين قاله ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة وقتادة والضحاك والسدي وغيرهم وقال الحسن البصري أخرجها والله كأنها مصباح فعلم موسى أنه قد لقي ربه عز وجل.
ثم وجه - سبحانه - أمرا آخر إلى عبده موسى فقال : ( واضمم يَدَكَ إلى جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سواء آيَةً أخرى ) .والضم : الجمع . يقال : ضم فلان أصابعه إذا جمعها . والجناح ، يطلق على العضد وعلى الجنب ، وعلى الإبط . واصله جناح الطائر وسمى بذلك لأنه يجنحه ، أى : يميله عند الطيران ، ثم توسع فيه فأطلق على العضد وغيره .والمراد باليد هنا : كف يده اليمنى .والسوء : الردىء والقبيح من كل شىء ، وكنى به هنا عن البرص لشدة قبحه .والمعنى : واضمم - يا موسى - يدك اليمنى إلى عضد يدك اليسرى بأن تجعلها تحته عند الإبط . ثم أخرجها فإنها تخرج ( بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سواء ) أى : تخرج منيرة مشرقة واضحة البياض دون أن يعلق بها أى سوء من برص أو مرض أو غيرهما ، وإنما يكون بياضها بياضا مشرقا بقدرة الله - تعالى وإرادته .قال الحسن البصرى : أخرجها - والله - كأنها مصباح ، فعلم موسى أنه قد لقى ربه - تعالى - .وقوله : ( تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ . . ) جواب الأمر وهو قوله : ( واضمم يَدَكَ ) .وقوله : ( مِنْ غَيْرِ سواء ) احتراس لدفع توهم أن يكون بياضها بسبب مرض أو أذى ، وهو متعلق بتخرج .وقوله : ( آيَةً أخرى ) أى : معجزة أخرى غير معجزة العصا التى سبق أن منحناها لك .كما قال - تعالى - : ( واضمم إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ الرهب فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَانِ مِن رَّبِّكَ إلى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْماً فَاسِقِينَ ) .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ آيَةً أُخْرَى (22)يقول تعالى ذكره: واضمم يا موسى يدك، فضعها تحت عضدك; والجناحان هما اليدان، كذلك رُوي الخبر عن أبي هُريرة وكعب الأحبار، وأما أهل العربية، فإنهم يقولون: هما الجنبان، وكان بعضهم يستشهد لقوله ذلك بقول الراجز:أضُمُّهُ للصَّدْرِ والجَناحِ (13)وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك، قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله ( إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ ) قال: كفه تحت عضده.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جُرَيج، عن مجاهد، مثله.وقوله ( تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) ذكر أن موسى عليه السلام كان رجلا آدم، فأدخل يده في جيبه، ثم أخرجها بيضاء من غير سوء، من غير برص، مثل الثلج، ثم ردّها، فخرجت كما كانت على لونه.حدثنا بذلك ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، عن وهب بن منبه.حدثنا إسماعيل بن موسى الفزاري، قال: ثنا شريك، عن يزيد بن أبي زياد، عن مقسم، عن ابن عباس، في قوله ( تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حدثنا محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى ، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا ، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حدثنا الحسن، قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله ( بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جُرَيج، عن مجاهد، مثله.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قَتادة ( مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حدثنا موسى، قال: ثنا عمرو، قال: ثنا أسباط، عن السديّ( تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حُدثت عن الحسين بن الفرج، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله ( مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: من غير برص.حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا حماد بن مسعدة، قال: ثنا قرة، عن الحسن في قول الله ( بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ) قال: أخرجها الله من غير سوء، من غير برص، فعلم موسى أنه لقي ربه.وقوله ( آيَةً أُخْرَى ) يقول: وهذه علامة ودلالة أخرى غير الآية التي أريناك قبلها من تحويل العصا حية تسعى على حقيقة ما بعثناك به من الرسالة لمن بعثناك إليه، ونصب آية على اتصالها بالفعل، إذ لم يظهر لها ما يرفعها من هذه أو هي .--------------------الهوامش :(13) في ( اللسان : جنح ) : وجناحا الطائر : يداه . وجناح الإنسان يده . ويدا الإنسان : جناحاه . وقال الزجاج : الجناح : العضد ، ويقال : اليد كلها جناح . أه . وجناحا العسكر جانباه ، وجناحا الوادي : مجريان عن يمينه وشماله . أه . ولم أقف على قائل الرجز .
قوله تعالى : ( واضمم يدك إلى جناحك ) أي : إبطك ، قال مجاهد : تحت عضدك ، وجناح الإنسان عضده إلى أصل إبطه . ( تخرج بيضاء ) نيرة مشرقة ، ( من غير سوء ) من غير عيب والسوء هاهنا بمعنى البرص . قال ابن عباس : كان ليده نور ساطع يضيء بالليل والنهار كضوء الشمس والقمر ، ( آية أخرى ) أي : دلالة أخرى على صدقك سوى العصا .
وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ آَيَةً أُخْرَى (22) هذه معجزة أخرى عَلمه الله إياها حتى إذا تحدّى فرعون وقومه عمل مثل ذلك أمام السحرة . فهذا تمرين على معجزة ثانية مُتّحِد الغرض مع إلقاء العصا .والجناح : العضد وما تحته إلى الإبط . أطلق عليه ذلك تشبيهاً بجناح الطائر .والضمّ : الإلصاق ، أي ألصق يدك اليمنى التي كنت ممسكاً بها العصا . وكيفية إلصاقها بجناحه أن تباشر جِلدَ جناحه بأن يدخلها في جَيْب قميصه حتى تماس بَشرة جنبه ، كما في آية سورة سليمان : { وأدخل يدك في جيبك تخرج بيضاء من غير سوء } [ النّمل : 12 ]. جعل الله تغيّر لون جلد يده مماستها جناحه تشريفاً لأكثر ما يناسب من أجزاء جسمه بالفعل والانفعال .و { بيضَاءَ } حال من ضمير { تَخْرُجُ } ، و { مِنْ غيرِ سُوءٍ } حال من ضمير { بَيْضَاء }.ومعنى { مِنْ غير سُوءٍ } من غير مَرض مثل البَرص والبَهق بأن تصير بيضاء ثم تعود إلى لونها المماثل لونَ بقية بشرته . وانتصب { آيةً } على الحال من ضمير { تَخْرُجُ }.والتعليل في قوله { لِنُريكَ مِن ءاياتنا الكُبْرى } راجع إلى قوله { تَخْرُجُ بَيْضَاءَ } ، فاللام متعلّقة ب { تَخْرُجُ } لأنّه في معنى نجعلها بيضاء فتخرج بيضاء أو نخرجها لك بيضاء . وهذا التعليل راجع إلى تكرير الآية ، أي كررنا الآيات لنريك بعض آياتنا فتعلم قدرتنا على غيرها
{ وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ } أي: أدخل يدك في جيبك، وضم عليك عضدك، الذي هو جناح الإنسان { تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ } أي: بياضا ساطعا، من غير عيب ولا برص { آيَةً أُخْرَى } قال الله: { فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَانِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ }
قوله تعالى : واضمم يدك إلى جناحك يجوز في غير القرآن ضم بفتح الميم وكسرها لالتقاء الساكنين ، والفتح أجود لخفته ، والكسر على الأصل ويجوز الضم على الإتباع . ويد أصلها يدي على فعل ؛ يدل على ذلك أيد . وتصغيرها يدية . والجناح العضد ؛ قاله مجاهد . وقال : ( إلى ) بمعنى تحت . قطرب : إلى جناحك إلى جيبك ؛ ومنه قول الراجز :أضمه للصدر والجناحوقيل : إلى جنبك فعبر عن الجنب بالجناح لأنه مائل في محل الجناح . وقيل إلى عندك . وقال مقاتل إلى بمعنى مع أي مع جناحك . تخرج بيضاء من غير سوء من غير برص نورا ساطعا ، يضيء بالليل والنهار كضوء الشمس والقمر وأشد ضوءا . عن ابن عباس وغيره : فخرجت نورا مخالفة للونه . وبيضاء نصب على الحال ، ولا ينصرف لأن فيها ألفي التأنيث لا يزايلانها فكأن لزومهما علة ثانية ، فلم ينصرف في النكرة ، وخالفتا الهاء لأن الهاء تفارق الاسم . و من غير سوء من صلة بيضاء كما تقول : ابيضت من غير سوء .آية أخرى سوى العصا . فأخرج يده من مدرعة له مصرية لها شعاع مثل شعاع الشمس يغشى البصر . وآية منصوبة على البدل من بيضاء ؛ قاله الأخفش . النحاس : وهو قول حسن . وقال الزجاج : المعنى آتيناك آية أخرى أو نؤتيك ؛ لأنه لما قال : تخرج بيضاء من غير سوء دل على أنه قد آتاه آية أخرى .
The question ‘What do you have in your right hand?’ was meant to awaken Moses’s awareness. Its purpose was to impress afresh on his mind that his stick was but a stick, so that the next moment when, due to a miracle of God, it changed into a snake, he should be fully aware of its significance. Moses’ stick being changed into a snake was a miracle of transformation. But it must be borne in mind that all the things we see on earth are actually in a process of transformation. An acorn planted in soil and watered will one day grow into a mighty oak tree. Vapour condenses and turns into water, and water, when boiled, will turn into steam. Some of these processes are rapid and others are slow. Some are so slow—like the growth of a tree—that they are imperceptible to the human eye. The slower the process, the less strange it seems, because its slowness gives us time to familiarise ourselves with the phenomenon. When Moses’ stick took the shape of a snake, it happened in an instant, and so seemed very strange and startling. The fact is that whatever there is in this world, or whatever the events, all are ‘miracles’ of God, be it the emerging of a sapling from the earth or a stick becoming a snake. ‘Extraordinary’ miracles are shown through prophets to make man take notice of the everyday miracles wrought by God.
وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَىٰ جَنَاحِكَ (And put your hand under your arm - 20:22). The word جَنَاحِ means fore-limb of an animal or wing of a bird. Here Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) was commanded to press his hand under his armpit so that when he brings it out it will shine as brilliantly as the sun, and this will be the second miracle granted to him. This is the meaning given to the words by Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ (Mazhari).
(And thrust thy hand within your armpit, it will come forth white) shining (without hurt) it is not touched by leprosy. ((That will be) another token) another sign in addition to the staff.