The Believers — Verse 90

The Idolators believe in Tawhid Ar-Rububiyyah, which requires them to believe in Tawhid Al-Uluhiyyah Allah states that the fact that He is One and that He is independent in His creation, control, dominion and guides one to realize that there is no God except Him and that none should be worshipped except Him Alone, with no partner or associate. He tells His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ to say to the idolators who worship others besides Him, even though they admit His Lordship, that He has no partner in Lordship. But despite this they still attributed partners in divinity to Him, and worshipped others besides Him even though they recognized the fact that those whom they worshipped could not create anything, did not own anything, nor do they have any control over anything. However, they still believed that these creatures could bring them closer to Allah, مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلاَّ لِيُقَرِّبُونَآ إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى (We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah) 39:3. So Allah says: قُل لِّمَنِ الاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهَآ (Say: "Whose is the earth and whosoever is therein") meaning, "Who is the Owner Who has created it and whatever is in it of animals, plants, fruits and all other kinds of creation" إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَسَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ ("If you know!" They will say: "It is Allah's!") means, they will admit that this belongs to Allah Alone with no partner or associate. If that is the case, قُلْ أَفَلاَ تَذَكَّرُونَ (Say: "Will you not then remember") that none should be worshipped except the Creator and Provider. قُلْ مَن رَّبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ السَّبْعِ وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ (Say: "Who is Lord of the seven heavens, and Lord of the Great Throne") means, "Who is the Creator of the higher realm with its planets, lights and angels who submit to Him in all regions and in all directions Who is the Lord of the Great Throne, which is the highest of all created things" Allah says here: وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ (and Lord of the Great Throne), meaning the Mighty Throne. At the end of the Surah, Allah says: رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ (the Lord of the Supreme Throne!) 23:116, meaning splendid and magnificent. The Throne combines the features of height and vastness with splendor and magnificence. This is why it was said that it is made of red rubies. Ibn Mas`ud said, "There is no night or day with your Lord, and the light of the Throne is from the Light of His Face." سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ أَفَلاَ تَتَّقُونَ (They will say: "Allah." Say: "Will you not then have Taqwa") meaning, since you admit that He is the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the Mighty Throne, will you not fear His punishment for worshipping others besides Him and associating others with Him قُلْ مَن بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ (Say: "In Whose Hand is the sovereignty of everything") i.e., sovereignty is in His Hands. مَّا مِن دَآبَّةٍ إِلاَّ هُوَ ءاخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهَآ (There is not a moving creature but He has grasp of its forelock) 11:56. meaning, He has control over it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say, «لَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِه» (By the One in Whose hand is my soul.) When he swore an oath, he would say, «لَا وَمُقَلِّبِ الْقُلُوب» (By the One Who turns over (controls) the hearts.) He, may He be glorified, is the Creator, the Sovereign, the Controller, وَهُوَ يُجْيِرُ وَلاَ يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (And He protects (all), while against Whom there is no protector, if you know) Among the Arabs, if a leader announced his protection to a person, no one could go against him in that, yet no one could offer protection against that leader. Allah says: وَهُوَ يُجْيِرُ وَلاَ يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ (And He protects (all), while against Whom there is no protector, ) meaning, He is the greatest Master, and there is none greater than Him. His is the power to create and to command, and none can overturn or oppose His ruling. What He wills happens, and what He does not, will not happen. Allah says: لاَ يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْـَلُونَ (He cannot be questioned about what He does, while they will be questioned.) 21:23 He cannot be asked about what He does because of His greatness, Pride, overwhelming power, wisdom and justice, but all of His creation will be asked about what they did, as Allah says: فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْـَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ - عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) 15:92-93 سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ (They will say: "(All that belongs) to Allah.") means, they will admit that the Almighty Master Who protects all while against Him there is no protector is Allah Alone, with no partner or associate. قُلْ فَأَنَّى تُسْحَرُونَ (Say: "How then are you deceived and turn away from the truth") means, how can your minds accept the idea of worshipping others besides Him when you recognize and acknowledge that Then Allah says: بَلْ أَتَيْنَـهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ (Nay, but We have brought them the truth,) which is the declaration that there is no god worthy of worship besides Allah, and the establishment of clear, definitive and sound proof to that effect, وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ (and verily, they are liars.) means, in their worship of others alongside Allah when they have no evidence for doing so, as Allah says at the end of this Surah: وَمَن يَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهَا ءَاخَرَ لاَ بُرْهَانَ لَهُ بِهِ فَإِنَّمَا حِسَابُهُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ إِنَّهُ لاَ يُفْلِحُ الْكَـفِرُونَ (And whoever invokes, besides Allah, any other god, of whom he has no proof; then his reckoning is only with his Lord. Surely, the disbelievers will not be successful.) 23:117 The idolators have no evidence for what they are doing, which has led them into lies and misguidance. Rather they are following their forefathers and predecessors who were confused and ignorant, as Allah describes them: إِنَّا وَجَدْنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَى أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِم مُّقْتَدُونَ ("We found our fathers following a certain way and religion, and we will indeed follow their footsteps.") 43:23

Nay but We have brought them the truth veracity and they are indeed liars in rejecting it namely the truth of the following

بل أتينا هؤلاء المنكرين بالحق فيما أرسلنا به محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وإنهم لَكاذبون في شركهم وإنكارهم البعث.

ثم قال تعالى " بل أتيناهم بالحق " وهو الإعلام بأنه لا إله إلا الله وأقمنا الأدلة الصحيحة الواضحة القاطعة علي ذلك " وإنهم لكاذبون " أي في عبادتهم مع الله غيره ولا دليل لهم على ذلك كما قال في آخر السورة " ومن يدع مع الله إلها آخر لا برهان له به فإنما حسابه عند ربه إنه لا يفلح الكافرون " فالمشركون لا يفعلون ذلك عن دليل قادهم إلى ما هم فيه من الإفك والضلال وإنما يفعلون ذلك اتباعا لآبائهم وأسلافهم الحيارى الجهال كما قال الله عنهم " إنا وجدنا آباءنا على أمة وإنا على آثارهم مقتدون ".

وبعد أن أثبت - سبحانه - أن البعث حق ، أتبع ذلك بإثبات وحدانيته ، وإبطال ما يعزمون له - تعالى - من الولد والشريك . فقال : ( بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ . . . ) .قوله - سبحانه - ( بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بالحق . . . ) إضراب عن قول أولئك الكافرين ( إِنْ هاذآ إِلاَّ أَسَاطِيرُ الأولين ) أى : ما كان ما أخبرناهم به من أن هناك بعثاً وحساباً ، أساطير بالأولين بل أخبرناهم وأتيناهم بالحق الثابت ، والوعد الصادق ، وإنهم لكاذبون فى دعواهم أن البعث غير واقع ، وأن مع الله - تعالى - آلهة أخرى ، وأن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يجئهم بالحق الذى يريدونه .

يقول: ما الأمر كما يزعم هؤلاء المشركون بالله، من أن الملائكة بنات الله، وأن الآلهة والأصنام ألهة دون الله ( بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ ) اليقين، وهو الدين الذي ابتعث الله به نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وذلك الإسلام، ولا يُعْبَد شيء سوى الله؛ لأنه لا إله غيره ( وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ ) يقول: وإن المشركين لكاذبون فيما يضيفون إلى الله، وينْحَلُونه من الولد والشريك.

( بل أتيناهم بالحق ) بالصدق ( وإنهم لكاذبون ) فيما يدعون من الشريك

بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ (90)إضراب لإبطال أن يكونوا مسحورين ، أي بل ليس الأمر كما خيل إليهم . فالذي أتيناهم به الحق يعني القرآن . والباء للتعدية كما يقال : ذهب به أي أذهبه . وهذا كقوله آنفاً { بل أتيناهم بذكرهم } [ المؤمنون : 71 ] .والعدول عن الخطاب من قوله { فأنى تسحرون } [ المؤمنون : 89 ] إلى الغيبة التفات لأنهم الموجه إليهم الكلام في هذه الجملة . والحق هنا : الصدق فلذلك قوبل بنسبتهم إلى الكذب فيما رموا به القرءان من قولهم { إن هذا إلا أساطير الأولين } [ المؤمنون : 83 ] وفي مقابلة الحق ب { كاذبون } محسن الطباق .وتأكيد نسبتهم إلى الكذب ب ( إن ) واللام لتحقيق الخبر .وقد سُلكت في ترتيب هذه الأدلة طريقة الترقي؛ فابتدىء بالسؤال عن مالك الأرض ومن فيها لأنها أقرب العوالم لإدراك المخاطبين ، ثم ارتقي إلى الاستدلال بربوبية السماوات والعرش ، ثم ارتقي إلى ما هو أعم وأشمل وهو تصرفه المطلق في الأشياء كلها ولذلك اجتلبت فيه أداة العموم وهي ( كل ) .

يقول تعالى: بل أتينا هؤلاء المكذبين بالحق، المتضمن للصدق في الأخبار، العدل في الأمر والنهي، فما بالهم لا يعترفون به، وهو أحق أن يتبع؟ وليس عندهم ما يعوضهم عنه، إلا الكذب والظلم، ولهذا قال: { وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ }

قوله تعالى : بل أتيناهم بالحق أي بالقول الصدق ، لا ما تقوله الكفار من إثبات الشريك ونفي البعث . وإنهم لكاذبون أن الملائكة بنات الله .

The nature of power is such that it does not tolerate division. If there are multiple power centres, each strives unceasingly to overpower the others. Now take a look at the universe. The stellar bodies follow their regime strictly and harmoniously. Had there been a separate god for every entity, each one would have distanced himself from the others along with his own part and no harmony would have existed among the different parts. Due to conflict among the various gods, the entire system of the universe would have been disturbed. Given the above, it is clear that the theory of the unity of Godhead is the Truth while the theory of polytheism stands discarded.

Commentary وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ‌ وَلَا يُجَارُ‌ عَلَيْهِ (And who gives protection and no protection can be given against him - 23:88) The meaning of the verse is that Allah alone can deliver a person from pain and suffering as He wills, but there is none who can save a person from divine punishment. This is true of this world because nobody can stop Allah from rewarding virtuous people nor can anyone protect someone whom He chooses to punish. And the same is true of the Hereafter also. (Qurtubi)

(Nay, but We have brought them the Truth) We sent Gabriel to their Prophet with the Qur'an in which it is stated that Allah has no son or partner, (and lo! they are liars) when they say the angels are Allah's daughters.