The Angels, Originator, The Creator — Verse 15
35:15 · Fatir
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۞ یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ أَنتُمُ ٱلۡفُقَرَاۤءُ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ وَٱللَّهُ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِیُّ ٱلۡحَمِیدُ ١٥
yāayyuhā l-nāsu antumu l-fuqarāu ilā l-lahi wal-lahu huwa l-ghaniyu l-ḥamīd
The Angels, Originator, The Creator / Fatir (35:15)
Connections 3 multi-source 1 single-source 4 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
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Q 35:14 (Fatir)
cited by
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Al-Qushairi Tafsir 3 verses 6 mentions total
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Kashani Tafsir 3 verses 6 mentions total
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Kashf Al-Asrar Tafsir 3 verses
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse 2 mentions total
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
People, it is you who stand in need of God- God needs nothing and is worthy of all praise
yāayyuhā l-nāsu antumu l-fuqarāu ilā l-lahi wal-lahu huwa l-ghaniyu l-ḥamīd
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Tafsir Commentary
Mankind is in need of Allah, and each Person will carry His own Burdens on the Day of Resurrection
Allah tells us that He has no need of anyone or anything else, but all of creation is in need of Him and is in a position of humility before Him. He says:
يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَآءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ
(O mankind! it is you who stand in need of Allah.) meaning, they need Him in all that they do, but He has no need of them at all. Allah says:
وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِىُّ الْحَمِيدُ
But Allah is the Rich, Worthy of all praise. meaning, He is unique in His being Free of all needs, and has no partner or associate, and He is Worthy of all praise in all that He does, says, decrees and legislates.
إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُـمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ
(If He willed, He could destroy you and bring about a new creation.) means, if He wanted to, He could destroy you and bring forth another people, and this is not difficult or impossible for Him. He says:
وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
(And that is not hard for Allah.) Allah's saying:
وَلاَ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى
(And no bearer of burdens shall bear another's burden;) means, on the Day of Resurrection.
وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا
(and if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, ) means, if the person who is carrying a heavy burden calls someone else to help him carry his load, all or part of it,
لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى
(nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.) means, even if he is closely-related to him, even if he is his father or son, for each person will be preoccupied with his own self and his own situation. Then Allah says:
إِنَّمَا تُنذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُواْ الصَّلَوةَ
(You can warn only those who fear their Lord unseen and perform the Salah.) means, `the only ones who will draw a lesson from what you have brought are those who are possessed of insight and wisdom, who fear their Lord and who do as He commands.'
وَمَن تَزَكَّى فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّى لِنَفْسِهِ
(And he who purifies himself, then he purifies only for the benefit of himself.) means, who does righteous deeds, the benefit of that will come back to him,
وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
And to Allah is the Return. means, to Him everything will ultimately return, and He is swift in bringing to account. He will reward or punish everyone according to his deeds: if they are good, then the end will be good, and if they are bad, then the end will be bad.
O mankind! You are the ones who are in need of God in every state. And God He is the Independent without any need of His creatures the Praised the One Who is praised in whatever He does with them.
O people, you are the poor toward God, and God is the Unneedy, the Praiseworthy. Know that poverty is of two sorts: the poverty of created nature and the poverty of attributes. The poverty of created nature is general, belonging to every newly arrived thing that has come into existence from nonexistence. The meaning of poverty is need. Every created thing needs the Creator-first for creation and second for nurture. Thus you know that God has no needs or requirements, and everything else has needs and requirements. This is why the Exalted Lord says, “God is the Unneedy, and you are the poor” [47:38]. As for the poverty of attributes, that is what the Lord of the Worlds said: “the poor emigrants” [59:8]. He specified the Messenger's Companions for this poverty and praised them for it, as He said: “For the poor, who are constrained in the path of God” [2:273]. He named them poor to disguise the wealth of their state and so that no one would know of their wealth. This is as they say: “Call me Arsalan so that no one will know who I am.” The Pir of the Tariqah said, “Friendship is built on disguise. The name 'king' for Solomon is the disguise of poverty. 'Disobedience' for Adam is the disguise of being chosen. The blessings that clothed Abraham disguised bosom friendship. This is because the stipulation of love is jeal-ousy. Friends do not show their state to just anyone.” Someone without an iota of being, who never gazes on the two worlds and who always keeps God's gaze before his eyes is called poor, for he lacks everything and is wealthy through the Real. One must have wealth in the breast, not in the storehouse. The poor man is he who sees no hand- hold in the two worlds other than the Real and does not gaze upon himself. He has recited the prayer of the dead over his own essence and attributes-as that chevalier said: “Endless passion has nothing to do with a heart that stays firm in its own attributes. When someone steps into the field of passion for the beautiful, night and day will recite for him the prayer of the dead.” [DS 209-10]
O people, you are the poor toward God, and God is the Unneedy, the Praiseworthy. Know that poverty is of two sorts: the poverty of created nature and the poverty of attributes. The poverty of created nature is general, belonging to every newly arrived thing that has come into existence from nonexistence. The meaning of poverty is need. Every created thing needs the Creator-first for creation and second for nurture. Thus you know that God has no needs or requirements, and everything else has needs and requirements. This is why the Exalted Lord says, “God is the Unneedy, and you are the poor” [47:38]. As for the poverty of attributes, that is what the Lord of the Worlds said: “the poor emigrants” [59:8]. He specified the Messenger's Companions for this poverty and praised them for it, as He said: “For the poor, who are constrained in the path of God” [2:273]. He named them poor to disguise the wealth of their state and so that no one would know of their wealth. This is as they say: “Call me Arsalan so that no one will know who I am.” The Pir of the Tariqah said, “Friendship is built on disguise. The name 'king' for Solomon is the disguise of poverty. 'Disobedience' for Adam is the disguise of being chosen. The blessings that clothed Abraham disguised bosom friendship. This is because the stipulation of love is jeal-ousy. Friends do not show their state to just anyone.” Someone without an iota of being, who never gazes on the two worlds and who always keeps God's gaze before his eyes is called poor, for he lacks everything and is wealthy through the Real. One must have wealth in the breast, not in the storehouse. The poor man is he who sees no hand- hold in the two worlds other than the Real and does not gaze upon himself. He has recited the prayer of the dead over his own essence and attributes-as that chevalier said: “Endless passion has nothing to do with a heart that stays firm in its own attributes. When someone steps into the field of passion for the beautiful, night and day will recite for him the prayer of the dead.” [DS 209-10]
O people, you are the poor toward God, and God is the Unneedy, the Praiseworthy. Know that poverty is of two sorts: the poverty of created nature and the poverty of attributes. The poverty of created nature is general, belonging to every newly arrived thing that has come into existence from nonexistence. The meaning of poverty is need. Every created thing needs the Creator-first for creation and second for nurture. Thus you know that God has no needs or requirements, and everything else has needs and requirements. This is why the Exalted Lord says, “God is the Unneedy, and you are the poor” [47:38]. As for the poverty of attributes, that is what the Lord of the Worlds said: “the poor emigrants” [59:8]. He specified the Messenger's Companions for this poverty and praised them for it, as He said: “For the poor, who are constrained in the path of God” [2:273]. He named them poor to disguise the wealth of their state and so that no one would know of their wealth. This is as they say: “Call me Arsalan so that no one will know who I am.” The Pir of the Tariqah said, “Friendship is built on disguise. The name 'king' for Solomon is the disguise of poverty. 'Disobedience' for Adam is the disguise of being chosen. The blessings that clothed Abraham disguised bosom friendship. This is because the stipulation of love is jeal-ousy. Friends do not show their state to just anyone.” Someone without an iota of being, who never gazes on the two worlds and who always keeps God's gaze before his eyes is called poor, for he lacks everything and is wealthy through the Real. One must have wealth in the breast, not in the storehouse. The poor man is he who sees no hand- hold in the two worlds other than the Real and does not gaze upon himself. He has recited the prayer of the dead over his own essence and attributes-as that chevalier said: “Endless passion has nothing to do with a heart that stays firm in its own attributes. When someone steps into the field of passion for the beautiful, night and day will recite for him the prayer of the dead.” [DS 209-10]
O people, you are the poor toward God, and God is the Unneedy, the Praiseworthy. Know that poverty is of two sorts: the poverty of created nature and the poverty of attributes. The poverty of created nature is general, belonging to every newly arrived thing that has come into existence from nonexistence. The meaning of poverty is need. Every created thing needs the Creator-first for creation and second for nurture. Thus you know that God has no needs or requirements, and everything else has needs and requirements. This is why the Exalted Lord says, “God is the Unneedy, and you are the poor” [47:38]. As for the poverty of attributes, that is what the Lord of the Worlds said: “the poor emigrants” [59:8]. He specified the Messenger's Companions for this poverty and praised them for it, as He said: “For the poor, who are constrained in the path of God” [2:273]. He named them poor to disguise the wealth of their state and so that no one would know of their wealth. This is as they say: “Call me Arsalan so that no one will know who I am.” The Pir of the Tariqah said, “Friendship is built on disguise. The name 'king' for Solomon is the disguise of poverty. 'Disobedience' for Adam is the disguise of being chosen. The blessings that clothed Abraham disguised bosom friendship. This is because the stipulation of love is jeal-ousy. Friends do not show their state to just anyone.” Someone without an iota of being, who never gazes on the two worlds and who always keeps God's gaze before his eyes is called poor, for he lacks everything and is wealthy through the Real. One must have wealth in the breast, not in the storehouse. The poor man is he who sees no hand- hold in the two worlds other than the Real and does not gaze upon himself. He has recited the prayer of the dead over his own essence and attributes-as that chevalier said: “Endless passion has nothing to do with a heart that stays firm in its own attributes. When someone steps into the field of passion for the beautiful, night and day will recite for him the prayer of the dead.” [DS 209-10]
O people, you are the poor toward God, and God is the Unneedy, the Praiseworthy.Know that poverty is of two sorts: the poverty of created nature and the poverty of attributes. The poverty of created nature is general, belonging to every newly arrived thing that has come into existence from nonexistence. The meaning of poverty is need. Every created thing needs the Creator-first for creation and second for nurture. Thus you know that God has no needs or requirements, and everything else has needs and requirements. This is why the Exalted Lord says, �God is the Unneedy, and you are the poor� [47:38].As for the poverty of attributes, that is what the Lord of the Worlds said: �the poor emigrants� [59:8]. He specified the Messenger's Companions for this poverty and praised them for it, as He said: �For the poor, who are constrained in the path of God� [2:273]. He named them poor to disguise the wealth of their state and so that no one would know of their wealth. This is as they say: �Call me Arsalan so that no one will know who I am.�The Pir of the Tariqah said, �Friendship is built on disguise. The name 'king' for Solomon is the disguise of poverty. 'Disobedience' for Adam is the disguise of being chosen. The blessings that clothed Abraham disguised bosom friendship. This is because the stipulation of love is jeal-ousy. Friends do not show their state to just anyone.�Someone without an iota of being, who never gazes on the two worlds and who always keeps God's gaze before his eyes is called poor, for he lacks everything and is wealthy through the Real. One must have wealth in the breast, not in the storehouse. The poor man is he who sees no hand- hold in the two worlds other than the Real and does not gaze upon himself. He has recited the prayer of the dead over his own essence and attributes-as that chevalier said:�Endless passion has nothing to do with a heart that stays firm in its own attributes.When someone steps into the field of passion for the beautiful,night and day will recite for him the prayer of the dead.� [DS 209-10]
يا أيها الناس أنتم المحتاجون إلى الله في كل شيء، لا تستغنون عنه طرفة عين، وهو سبحانه الغنيُّ عن الناس وعن كل شيء من مخلوقاته، الحميد في ذاته وأسمائه وصفاته، المحمود على نعمه؛ فإن كل نعمة بالناس فمنه، فله الحمد والشكر على كلِّ حال.
يخبر تعالى بغنائه عما سواه وبافتقار المخلوقات كلها إليه وتذللها بين يديه فقال تعالى: "يا أيها الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله" أي هم محتاجون إليه في جميع الحركات والسكنات وهو تعالى الغني عنهم بالذات ولهذا قال عز وجل "والله هو الغني الحميد" أي هو المنفرد بالغنى وحده لا شريك له وهو الحميد في جميع ما يفعله ويقوله ويقدره ويشرعه.
ثم وجه - سبحانه - نداء ثالثاً إلى الناس ، نبههم فيه إلى فقرهم إليه - سبحانه - ، وإلى غناه عنهم ، وإلى مسئولية كل إنسان عن نفسه ، وإلى وظيفة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم الذى أرسله إليهم ، وإلى الفرق الشاسع بين الإِيمان والكفر ، وإلى سوء مصير المكذبين ، فقال - تعالى - : ( ياأيها الناس أَنتُمُ الفقرآء . . . فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ ) .وقوله - تعالى - : ( ياأيها الناس أَنتُمُ الفقرآء إِلَى الله . . . ) نداء منه - سبحانه - للناس ، يعرفهم فيه حقيقة أمرهم ، ولأنهم لا غنى لهم عن خالقهم - عز وجل - .أى : يأيها الناس أنتم المحتاجون إلى الله - تعالى - فى كل شئونكم الدنيوية والأخروية ( والله ) - تعالى - وحده هو الغنى ، عن كل مخلوق سواه ، وهو ( الحميد ) أى : المحمود من جميع الموجودات ، لأنه هو الخالق لكل شئ ، وهو المنعم عليكم وعلى غيركم بالنعم التى لا تحصى .قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : لم عرف الفقراء؟ قلت : قصد بذلك أن يريهم أنه لشدة افتقارهم إليه هم جنس الفقراء ، وإن كانت الخلائق كلهم مفترقين إليه من الناس وغيرهم ، لأن الفقر مما يتبع الضعف ، ولكما كان الفقير أضعف كان أفقر ، وقد شهد الله - سبحانه - على الإِنسان بالضعف فى قوله : ( وَخُلِقَ الإنسان ضَعِيفاً ) ولو نكر لكان المعنى : أنتم بعض الفقراء .وجمع - سبحانه - فى وصف ذاته بين الغنى والحميد ، للإِشعار بأنه - تعالى - بجانب غناه عن خلقه ، هو الذى يفيض عليهم من نعمه ، وهو الذى يعطيهم من خيره وفضله ، ما يجعلهم يحمدونه بألسنتهم وقلوبهم .قال الآلوسى : قوله ( الحميد ) أى : المنعم على جميع الموجودات ، المستحق بإنعامه للحمد ، وأصله المحمود ، وأريد به ذلك عن طريق الكناية ، ليناسب ذكره بعد فقرهم ، إذ الغنى لا ينفع الفقير إلا إذا كان جواداً منعماً ، ومثله مستحق للحمد ، وهذا كالتكميل لما قبله . .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ (15)يقول تعالى ذكره: يا أيها الناس أنتم أولو الحاجة والفقر إلى ربكم فإياه فاعبدوا، وفي رضاه فسارعوا، يغنكم من فقركم، وتُنْجِح لديه حوائجكم (وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ) عن عبادتكم إياه وعن خدمتكم، وعن غير ذلك من الأشياء؛ منكم ومن غيركم (الْحَمِيدُ) يعني: المحمود على نعمه؛ فإن كل نعمة بكم وبغيركم فمنه، فله الحمد والشكر بكل حال.
( يا أيها الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله ) إلى فضل الله ، والفقير : المحتاج ( والله هو الغني الحميد ) الغني عن خلقه المحمود في إحسانه إليهم .
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ (15)لما أشبع المقام أدلّةً ، ومواعظَ ، وتذكيراتتٍ ، مما فيه مقنع لمن نصب نفسه منصب الانتفاع والاقتناع ، ولم يظهر مع ذلك كله من أحوال القوم ما يتوسم منه نزعهم عن ضلالهم وربما أحدث ذلك في نفوس أهل العزّة منهم إعجاباً بأنفسهم واغتراراً بأنهم مرغوب في انضمامهم إلى جماعة المسلمين فيزيدهم ذلك الغرورُ قبولاً لتسويل مكائد الشيطان لهم أن يعتصموا بشركهم ، ناسب أن ينبئهم الله بأنه غني عنهم وأن دينه لا يعْتزّ بأمثالهم وأنه مُصيِّرهم إلى الفناء وآت بناس يعتز بهم الإِسلام .فالمراد ب { يا أيها الناس } هم المشركون كما هو غالب اصطلاح القرآن ، وهم المخاطبون بقوله آنفاً { ذلكم الله ربكم له الملك } [ فاطر : 13 ] الآيات .وقبل أن يوجه إليهم الإِعلام بأن الله غنيّ عنهم وجه إليهم إعلام بأنهم الفقراء إلى الله لأن ذلك أدخل للذلة على عظمتهم من الشعور بأن الله غنيّ عنهم فإنهم يوقنون بأنهم فقراء إلى الله ولكنهم لا يُوقنون بالمقصد الذي يفضي إليه علمهم بذلك ، فأريد إبلاغ ذلك إليهم لا على وجه الاستدلال ولكن على وجه قرع أسماعهم بما لم تكن تقرع به من قبل عسى أن يستفيقوا من غفلتهم ويتكعكعوا عن غرور أنفسهم ، على أنهم لا يخلو جمعهم من أصحاب عقول صالحة للوصول إلى حقائق الحق فأولئك إذا قرعت أسماعَهم بما لم يكونوا يسمعونه من قبل ازدادوا يقيناً بمشاهدة ما كان محجوباً عن بصائرهم بأستار الاشتغال بفتنة ضلالهم عسى أن يؤمن من هيّأه الله بفطرته للإِيمان ، فمن بقي على كفره كان بقاؤه مشوباً بحيرة ومرَّ طعْمُ الحياة عنده ، فأيْنَ ما كانت تتلقاه مسامعهم من قبل تمجيدهم وتمجيد آبائهم وتمجيد آلهتهم ، ألا ترى أنهم لما عاتبوا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في بعض مراجعتهم عَدُّوا عليه شتم آبائهم ، فحصل بهذه الآية فائدتان .وجملة { أنتم الفقراء } تفيد القصر لتعريف جزأيْها ، أي قصر صفة الفقر على الناس المخاطبين قصراً إضافياً بالنسبة إلى الله ، أي أنتم المفتقرون إليه وليس هو بمفتقر إليكم وهذا في معنى قوله تعالى : { إن تكفروا فإن اللَّه غني عنكم } [ الزمر : 7 ] المشعر بأنهم يحسبون أنهم يغيظون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بعدم قبول دعوته . فالوجه حمل القصر المستفاد من جملة { أنتم الفقراء } على القصر الإِضافي ، وهو قصر قلب ، وأما حمل القصر الحقيقي ثم تكلف أنه ادعائي فلا داعي إليه .وإتباع صفة { الغني } ب { الحميد } تكميل ، فهو احتراس لدفع توهمهم أنه لما كان غنياً عن استجابتهم وعبادتهم فهم معذورون في أن لا يعبدوه ، فنبه على أنه موصوف بالحمد لمن عبده واستجاب لدعوته كما أتبع الآية الآخرى { إن تكفروا فإن اللَّه غني عنكم } [ الزمر : 7 ] بقوله : { وإن تشكروا يرضه لكم } [ الزمر : 7 ] . ومن المحسنات وقوع { الحميد } في مقابلة قوله : { إلى الله } كما وقع { الغني } في مقابلة قوله : { الفقراء } لأنه لما قيد فقرهم بالكون إلى الله قيدّ غنى الله تعالى بوصف { الحميد } لإفادة أن غناه تعالى مقترن بجوده فهو يحمد من يتوجه إليه .
يخاطب تعالى جميع الناس، ويخبرهم بحالهم ووصفهم، وأنهم فقراء إلى اللّه من جميع الوجوه:فقراء في إيجادهم، فلولا إيجاده إياهم، لم يوجدوا.فقراء في إعدادهم بالقوى والأعضاء والجوارح، التي لولا إعداده إياهم [بها]، لما استعدوا لأي عمل كان.فقراء في إمدادهم بالأقوات والأرزاق والنعم الظاهرة والباطنة، فلولا فضله وإحسانه وتيسيره الأمور، لما حصل [لهم] من الرزق والنعم شيء.فقراء في صرف النقم عنهم، ودفع المكاره، وإزالة الكروب والشدائد. فلولا دفعه عنهم، وتفريجه لكرباتهم، وإزالته لعسرهم، لاستمرت عليهم المكاره والشدائد.فقراء إليه في تربيتهم بأنواع التربية، وأجناس التدبير.فقراء إليه، في تألههم له، وحبهم له، وتعبدهم، وإخلاص العبادة له تعالى، فلو لم يوفقهم لذلك، لهلكوا، وفسدت أرواحهم، وقلوبهم وأحوالهم.فقراء إليه، في تعليمهم ما لا يعلمون، وعملهم بما يصلحهم، فلولا تعليمه، لم يتعلموا، ولولا توفيقه، لم يصلحوا.فهم فقراء بالذات إليه، بكل معنى، وبكل اعتبار، سواء شعروا ببعض أنواع الفقر أم لم يشعروا، ولكن الموفق منهم، الذي لا يزال يشاهد فقره في كل حال من أمور دينه ودنياه، ويتضرع له، ويسأله أن لا يكله إلى نفسه طرفة عين، وأن يعينه على جميع أموره، ويستصحب هذا المعنى في كل وقت، فهذا أحرى بالإعانة التامة من ربه وإلهه، الذي هو أرحم به من الوالدة بولدها.{ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ } أي: الذي له الغنى التام من جميع الوجوه، فلا يحتاج إلى ما يحتاج إليه خلقه، ولا يفتقر إلى شيء مما يفتقر إليه الخلق، وذلك لكمال صفاته، وكونها كلها، صفات كمال، ونعوت وجلال.ومن غناه تعالى، أن أغنى الخلق في الدنيا والآخرة، الحميد في ذاته، وأسمائه، لأنها حسنى، وأوصافه، لكونها عليا، وأفعاله لأنها فضل وإحسان وعدل وحكمة ورحمة، وفي أوامره ونواهيه، فهو الحميد على ما فيه، وعلى ما منه، وهو الحميد في غناه [الغني في حمده].
قوله تعالى : يا أيها الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله والله هو الغني الحميد .قوله تعالى : يا أيها الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله أي المحتاجون إليه في بقائكم وكل أحوالكم . الزمخشري : فإن قلت لم عرف الفقراء ؟ قلت : قصد بذلك أن يريهم أنهم لشدة افتقارهم إليه هم جنس الفقراء ، وإن كانت الخلائق كلهم مفتقرين إليه من الناس وغيرهم ؛ لأن الفقر مما يتبع الضعف ، وكلما كان الفقير أضعف كان أفقر وقد شهد الله سبحانه على الإنسان بالضعف في قوله : وخلق الإنسان ضعيفا ، وقال : الله الذي خلقكم من ضعف ولو نكر لكان المعنى : أنتم بعض الفقراء .فإن قلت : قد قوبل الفقراء ب ( الغني ) فما فائدة ( الحميد ) ؟ قلت : لما أثبت فقرهم إليه وغناه عنهم ، وليس كل غني نافعا بغناه إلا إذا كان الغني جوادا منعما ، وإذا جاد وأنعم حمده المنعم عليهم واستحق عليهم الحمد - ذكر ( الحميد ) ليدل به على أنه الغني النافع بغناه خلقه ، الجواد المنعم عليهم ، المستحق بإنعامه عليهم أن يحمدوه . وتخفيف الهمزة الثانية أجود الوجوه عند الخليل ، ويجوز تخفيف الأولى وحدها وتخفيفهما وتحقيقهما جميعا . والله هو الغني الحميد تكون ( هو ) زائدة ، فلا يكون لها موضع من الإعراب ، وتكون مبتدأة فيكون موضعها رفعا .
Man is an extremely vulnerable creation. His whole existence depends on a particular balance of natural factors. If this balance were to be disturbed, the very existence of man would be threatened. If, for instance, the sun reduced its distance from the earth and came near it, then all human beings would be burnt and reduced to ashes. Also, a large part of the inside of the earth consists of an extremely hot, semi-liquid material. If this hot matter moved upwards, the surface of the earth would experience terrible earthquakes which would reduce all human settlements to ruins. Moreover, meteors constantly fall upon Earth from outer space, but the atmosphere shields us against their effects. If the present balanced arrangement of this phenomenon were to be disrupted, the shower of meteors might turn into such a terrible barrage of stones that it would be impossible to save humanity from it. Man is surrounded by innumerable deadly possibilities of this kind; being totally dependent explains why man needs God and not vice versa. The burden of Doomsday will be that of one’s sins. Were it only a question of a physical burden, any individual could share another’s burden. But, the denigration and pain one suffers due to one’s bad deeds are of an extremely personal nature and there is no question of anybody else sharing them. The Truth is very clear, but it is understood only by one who wants to understand. One who is not serious about knowing what is Truth and what is Untruth, cannot be made to understand anything.
In the last verse: إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ (If you call them, they do not hear your call, and even if they were to hear, they would not respond to you. - 35:14). To explain, it can be said that if you call those idols or some prophets or angels you take as god and worship them asking them to help you in distress, they will, first of all, be unable to listen to you because idols do not have the ability to listen. Though, prophets and angels have this ability, yet they are not present everywhere nor do they hear that which is said by everybody. Further on, it was said that, should they, as a matter of supposition, be able to listen, as in the case of angels and prophets, still, they would not fulfill your request, because they themselves have no control over it, and cannot intercede with Allah on behalf of anyone without His permission.
In the last verse: إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ (If you call them, they do not hear your call, and even if they were to hear, they would not respond to you. - 35:14). To explain, it can be said that if you call those idols or some prophets or angels you take as god and worship them asking them to help you in distress, they will, first of all, be unable to listen to you because idols do not have the ability to listen. Though, prophets and angels have this ability, yet they are not present everywhere nor do they hear that which is said by everybody. Further on, it was said that, should they, as a matter of supposition, be able to listen, as in the case of angels and prophets, still, they would not fulfill your request, because they themselves have no control over it, and cannot intercede with Allah on behalf of anyone without His permission.
The issue of the ability of the dead to hear سماع الموتی sama`-ulmawta) has appeared earlier. The present verse neither confirms nor rejects it. Arguments and proofs relating to this issue are different. They have already been mentioned in details under the commentary on Surah Ar-Rum [ 30] (Ma` ariful-Qur an, Volume VI).
(O mankind! Ye are the poor in your relation to Allah) in relation to His forgiveness, mercy, provision and well-being in the life of this world and to His Paradise in the Hereafter. (And Allah! He is the Absolute) He is free of need for what you have of wealth, (the Owner of Praise) He is praiseworthy in His acts.
O mankind! It is you who stand in need of God�He said:That is, �You [depend] upon Him in your very selves, for truly when God created all creatures He imposed upon His servants neediness (faqr) for Him, while He is the Rich and Independent (al-Ghanī). Furthermore, whoever claims to be wealthy has been veiled from God, Mighty and Majestic is He. On the other hand, whoever shows his need for God, will find that He joins his need to His wealth. The servant should feel the need for Him in his innermost secret (sirr), cutting himself off from all other than Him, so that his servanthood (ʿubūdiyya) becomes pure (maḥḍa); for pure servanthood is self-abasement (dhull) and humble submission (khuḍūʿ).He was asked, �How does one show one�s need for Him?� He said:The neediness takes three [forms]: [the servants�] showing [awareness] of having been needy from pre-eternity (faqruhum al-qadīm); their showing need in their state (faqr ḥālihim), and their showing neediness through the death of the self to its [own] devising and managing [of things] (tadbīr). Whoever does not come up to [these standards] is false in his claim to neediness.He also said:The truly needful [person] (al-faqīr al-ṣādiq) is the one who does not ask [for things except from God] (lā yasʾalu), does not turn down [that which has been granted to him by God] (lā yaruddu), and does not hold back [from giving in the path of God when asked] (lā yaḥbisu).ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said that the friends of God can be described [as having] three characteristics[lit. things]: confidence (thiqa) in God, Exalted is He, in everything; showing neediness for Him (faqr ilayhi) in everything; and taking refuge in Him (rujūʿ ilayhi) from everything.His words: