Exile, Banishment — Verse 8

At the poor Emigrants li’l-fuqarā’i is semantically connected to an omitted verb that is to say a-‘ajibū ‘What! Do they marvel at the poor Emigrants’ who have been driven away from their homes and their possessions that they should seek bounty from God and beatitude and help God and His Messenger? Those — they are the sincere in their faith.

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

Those-they are the truthful.Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real.Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

وكذلك يُعطى من المال الذي أفاءه الله على رسوله الفقراء المهاجرون، الذين اضطرهم كفار "مكة" إلى الخروج من ديارهم وأموالهم يطلبون من الله أن يتفضل عليهم بالرزق في الدنيا والرضوان في الآخرة، وينصرون دين الله ورسوله بالجهاد في سبيل الله، أولئك هم الصادقون الذين صدَّقوا قولهم بفعلهم.

يقول تعالى مبينا حال الفقراء المستحقين لمال الفيء أنهم "الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا" أي خرجوا من ديارهم وخالفوا قومهم ابتغاء مرضاة الله ورضوانه "وينصرون الله ورسوله أولئك هم الصادقون" أي هؤلاء الذين صدقوا قولهم بفعلهم وهؤلاء هم سادات المهاجرين.

ثم أثنى - سبحانه - على المهاجرين الذين فارقوا أموالهم وعشيرتهم ، من أجل إعلاء كلمته - تعالى - فقال : ( لِلْفُقَرَآءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ الله وَرِضْوَاناً وَيَنصُرُونَ الله وَرَسُولَهُ أولئك هُمُ الصادقون ) .قال الإمام الرازى : اعلم أن هذا بدل من قوله - تعلاى - : ( وَلِذِي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل . . ) كأنه قيل : أعنى بأولئك الأربعة ، هؤلاء الفقراء المهاجرين الذين من صفتهم كذا وكذا .ثم إنه - تعالى - وصفهم بأمور ، أولها : أنهم فقراء ، ثانيها : أنهم مهاجرون وثالثها : أنهم أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم ، يعنى أن الكفار أجبروهم على الخروج . . . ورابعها : أنهم يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا ، والمراد بالفضل ثواب الجنة ، وبالرضوان : قوله : ( وَرِضْوَانٌ مِّنَ الله أَكْبَرُ ) وخامسها : قوله : ( وَيَنصُرُونَ الله وَرَسُولَهُ ) أى : بأنفسهم وأموالهم .وسادسها : قوله : ( أولئك هُمُ الصادقون ) يعنىأنهم لما هجروا لذَّات الدنيا وتحملوا شدائدها لأجل الدين ، ظهر صدقهم فى دينهم . .فأنت ترى أن الله - تعالى - قد وصف المهاجرين فى سبيله ، بجملة من المناقب الحميدة . التى استحقوا بسببها الفلاح والفوز برضوان الله .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ (8)يقول تعالى ذكره: كيلا يكون ما أفاء الله على رسوله دُولة بين الأغنياء منكم، ولكن يكون للفقراء المهاجرين. وقيل: عُني بالمهاجرين: مهاجرة قريش.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أَبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعًا، عن ابن أَبي نجيح، عن مجاهد مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ من قريظة جعلها لمهاجرة قريش.حدثنا ابن حُمَيد، قال: ثنا يعقوب، عن جعفر، عن سعيد بن جُبَير، وسعيد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبْزى، قالا كان ناس من المهاجرين لأحدهم الدار والزوجة والعبد والناقة يحجّ عليها ويغزو، فنسبهم الله إلى أنهم فقراء، وجعل لهم سهمًا في الزكاة.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ ) ... إلى قوله: ( أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ) قال: هؤلاء المهاجرون تركوا الديار والأموال والأهلين والعشائر، خرجوا حبًا لله ولرسوله، واختاروا الإسلام على ما فيه من الشدّة، حتى لقد ذكر لنا أن الرجل كان يعصب الحجر على بطنه ليقيم به صلبه من الجوع، وكان الرجل يتخذ الحفيرة في الشتاء ماله دثار غيرها.وقوله: ( الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ ) ، وقوله: ( يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا ) موضع يبتغون نصب، لأنه في موضع الحال؛ وقوله: ( وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ) يقول: وينصرون دين الله الذي بعث به رسوله محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم. وقوله: ( أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ) يقول: هؤلاء الذين وصف صفتهم من الفقراء المهاجرين هم الصادقون فيما يقولون.--------الهوامش :(3) ‌لعل لفظ "حتى" زائد من النساخ

( للفقراء المهاجرين الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم يبتغون فضلا ) رزقا ( من الله ورضوانا ) أي أخرجوا إلى دار الهجرة طلبا لرضا الله - عز وجل - ( وينصرون الله ورسوله أولئك هم الصادقون ) في إيمانهم . قال قتادة : هؤلاء المهاجرون الذين تركوا الديار والأموال والعشائر وخرجوا حبا لله ولرسوله واختاروا الإسلام على ما كانوا فيه من شدة حتى ذكر لنا أن الرجل كان يعصب الحجر على بطنه ليقيم به صلبه من الجوع وكان الرجل يتخذ الحفيرة في الشتاء ما له دثار غيرهاأخبرنا محمد بن الحسن المروزي أخبرنا أبو العباس الطحان أخبرنا أبو أحمد بن محمد بن قريش بن سليمان أخبرنا علي بن عبد العزيز المكي أخبرنا أبو عبيد القاسم بن سلام حدثني عبد الرحمن بن مهدي عن سفيان عن أبي إسحاق عن أمية بن خالد بن عبد الله بن أسيد عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : أنه كان يستفتح بصعاليك المهاجرين . قال أبو عبيد : هكذا قال عبد الرحمن وهو عندي أمية بن عبد الله بن خالد بن أسيد .وروينا عن أبي سعيد الخدري عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " أبشروا يا معشر صعاليك المهاجرين بالنور التام يوم القيامة تدخلون الجنة قبل أغنياء الناس بنصف يوم وذلك مقدار خمسمائة سنة " .

لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ (8)بدل مما يصلح أن يكون بدلاً منه من أسماء الأصناف المتقدمة التي دخلت عليها اللام مباشرة وعطفاً قوله : { ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل } [ الحشر : 7 ] بدل بعض من كل .وأول فائدة في هذا البدل التنبيه على أن ما أفاء الله على المسلمين من أهل القرى المعْنية في الآية لا يجري قسمه على ما جرى عليه قسم أموال بني النضير التي اقتُصر في قسمها على المهاجرين وثلاثة من الأنصار ورابع منهم ، فكأنه قيل : ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل لِلفقراء منهم لا مطلقاً ، يدخل في ذلك المهاجرون والأنصار والذين آمنوا بعدهم .وأعيد اللام مع البدل لربطه بالمبدل منه لانفصال ما بينهما بطول الكلام من تعليل وتذييل وتحذير . ولإِفادة التأكيد .وكثيراً ما يقترن البدل بمثل العامل في المبدل منه على وجه التأكيد اللفظي ، وتقدم في قوله تعالى : { تكون لنا عيداً لأولنا وآخرنا } في سورة [ العقود : 114 ] . فبقي احتمال أن يكون قيداً { لذى القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل } [ الحشر : 7 ] ، فيتعين أن يكون قوله : { للفقراء } إلى آخره مسوقاً لتقييد استحقاق هؤلاء الأصناف وشأن القيود الواردة بعد مفردات أن ترجع إلى جميع ما قبلها ، فيقتضي هذا أن يُشترط الفقر في كل صنف من هذه الأصناف الأربعة ، لأن مطلقها قد قُيّد بقيد عَقب إطلاق ، والكلام بأواخره فليس يجري هنا الاختلاف في حمل المطلق على المقيد ، ولا تجري الصور الأربع في حمل المطلق على المقيد من اتحاد حكمهما وجنسهما . ولذلك قال مالك وأبو حنيفة : لا يعطى ذوو القربى إلا إذا كانوا فقراء لأنه عوض لهم عما حرموه من الزكاة . وقال الشافعي وكثير من الفقهاء : يشترط الفقر فيما عدا ذوي القربى لأنه حق لهم لأجل القرابة للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم قال إمام الحرمين : أغلظ الشافعي الرد على مذهب أبي حنيفة بأن الله علق الاستحقاق بالقرابة ولم يشترط الحاجة ، فاشتراطُها وعدمُ اعتبار القرابة يضارّه ويحَادّه .قلت : هذا محل النزاع فإن الله ذكر وصف اليتامى ووصف ابن السبيل ولم يشترط الحاجة .واعتذر إمام الحرمين للحنفية بأن الصدقات لما حُرمت على ذوي القربى كانت فائدة ذكرهم في خمس الفيْء والمغانم أنه لا يمتنع صرفه إليهم امتناعَ صرف الصدقات ، ثم قال : لا تغترَّ بالاعتذار فإن الآية نص على ثبوت الاستحقاق تشريفاً لهم فمن علّله بالحاجة فَوّت هذا المعنى اه .وعند التأمل تجد أن هذا الرد مدخول ، والبحث فيه يطول . ومحله مسائل الفقه والأصول .ومن العلماء والمفسرين من جعل جملة { للفقراء المهاجرين } ابتدائية على حذف المبتدأ . والتقدير : ما أفاء الله على رسوله للمهاجرين الفقراء إلى آخر ما عطف عليه فتكون هذه مصارف أخرى للفيء ، ومنهم من جعلها معطوفة بحذف حرف العطف على طريقة التعداد كأنه قيل : فلله وللرسول ، إلى آخره ، ثم قيل : { للفقراء المهاجرين } .فعلى هذين القولين ينتفي كونها قيداً للجملة التي قبلها ، وتنفتح طرائق أخرى في حمل المطلق على المقيد ، والاختلاف في شروط الحمل ، وهي طرائق واضحة للمتأمل ، وعلى الوجه الأول يكون المعوّل .ووُصِف المهاجرون بالذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم تنبيهاً على أن إعطاءهم مراعىً جبر مَا نكبوا به من ضياع الأموال والديار ، ومراعىً فيه إخلاصهم الإيمان وأنهم مكرّرُون نصرَ دين الله ورسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم فذيل بقوله : { أولئك هم الصادقون } .واسم الإِشارة لتعظيم شأنهم وللتنبيه على أن استحقاقهم وصف الصادقين لأجل ما سبق اسمَ الإِشارة مِن الصفات وهي أنهم أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم وابتغاؤهم فضلاً من الله ورضواناً ونصرهم الله ورسوله فإن الأعمال الخالصة فيما عملت لأجله يَشهد للإِخلاص فيها ما يلحق عاملها من مشاقّ وأذى وإضرار ، فيستطيع أن يخلص منها لو ترك ما عمله لأجلها أو قصر فيه .وجملة { هم الصادقون } مفيدة القصر لأجل ضمير الفصل وهو قصر ادعائي للمبالغة في وصفهم بالصدق الكامل كأنَّ صدق غيرهم ليس صدقاً في جانب صدقهم .وموقع قوله : { أولئك هم الصادقون } كموقع قوله : { وأولئك هم المفلحون } في سورة [ البقرة : 5 ] .

ثم ذكر تعالى الحكمة والسبب الموجب لجعله تعالى الأموال أموال الفيء لمن قدرها له، وأنهم حقيقون بالإعانة، مستحقون لأن تجعل لهم، وأنهم ما بين مهاجرين قد هجروا المحبوبات والمألوفات، من الديار والأوطان والأحباب والخلان والأموال، رغبة في الله ونصرة لدين الله، ومحبة لرسول الله، فهؤلاء هم الصادقون الذين عملوا بمقتضى إيمانهم، وصدقوا إيمانهم بأعمالهم الصالحة والعبادات الشاقة، بخلاف من ادعى الإيمان وهو لم يصدقه بالجهاد والهجرة وغيرهما من العبادات،

قوله تعالى : للفقراء المهاجرين الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا وينصرون الله ورسوله أولئك هم الصادقونأي الفيء والغنائم للفقراء المهاجرين وقيل كي لا يكون دولة بين الأغنياء ولكن يكون للفقراء . وقيل : هو بيان لقوله : ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل [ ص: 20 ] فلما ذكروا بأصنافهم قيل المال لهؤلاء ، لأنهم فقراء ومهاجرون وقد أخرجوا من ديارهم ; فهم أحق الناس به . وقيل : ولكن الله يسلط رسله على من يشاء للفقراء المهاجرين لكيلا يكون المال دولة للأغنياء من بني الدنيا . وقيل : والله شديد العقاب للمهاجرين ; أي شديد العقاب للكفار بسبب الفقراء المهاجرين ومن أجلهم . ودخل في هؤلاء الفقراء المتقدم ذكرهم في قوله تعالى : ولذي القربى واليتامى . وقيل : هو عطف على ما مضى ، ولم يأت بواو العطف كقولك : هذا المال لزيد لبكر لفلان لفلان . والمهاجرون هنا : من هاجر إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حبا فيه ونصرة له . قال قتادة : هؤلاء المهاجرون الذين تركوا الديار والأموال والأهلين والأوطان حبا لله ولرسوله ، حتى إن الرجل منهم كان يعصب الحجر على بطنه ليقيم به صلبه من الجوع ، وكان الرجل يتخذ الحفيرة في الشتاء ما له دثار غيرها . وقال عبد الرحمن بن أبزى وسعيد بن جبير : كان ناس من المهاجرين لأحدهم العبد والزوجة والدار والناقة يحج عليها ويغزو فنسبهم الله إلى الفقر وجعل لهم سهما في الزكاة . ومعنى أخرجوا من ديارهم أي أخرجهم كفار مكة ; أي أحوجوهم إلى الخروج ; وكانوا مائة رجل .يبتغون يطلبون .فضلا من الله أي غنيمة في الدنيا .ورضوانا في الآخرة ; أي مرضاة ربهم .وينصرون الله ورسوله في الجهاد في سبيل الله .أولئك هم الصادقون في فعلهم ذلك . وروي أن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه خطب بالجابية فقال : من أراد أن يسأل عن القرآن فليأت أبي بن كعب ، ومن أراد أن يسأل عن الفرائض فليأت زيد بن ثابت ، ومن أراد أن يسأل عن الفقه فليأت معاذ بن جبل ، ومن أراد أن يسأل عن المال فليأتني ; فإن الله تعالى جعلني له خازنا وقاسما . ألا وإني باد بأزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فمعطيهن ، ثم المهاجرين الأولين ; أنا وأصحابي أخرجنا من مكة من ديارنا وأموالنا .

When the enemy have fled after defeat, their possessions are considered spoils of war (ghanimah). Sometimes the enemy retreats without fighting. On such occasions the booty acquired is described as abandoned property (fay’). As for the spoils of war, after a fifth part has been taken out, all of the remaining portion is the share of the army. While all the abandoned property in the case of Fay belongs to the Islamic government and is to be spent in the public interest. It is the intention of Islam that wealth should not remain restricted to a particular class but should reach every class. In Islam, there is no concept of economy controlled by the State. However, its economic rules are so framed that wealth should not be concentrated, but should keep circulating in all groups.

The Merits of al-Muhajirin [ The Emigrants ] لِلْفُقَرَ‌اءِ الْمُهَاجِرِ‌ينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِ‌جُوا مِن دِيَارِ‌هِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَرِ‌ضْوَانًا وَيَنصُرُ‌ونَ اللَّـهَ وَرَ‌سُولَهُ ۚ أُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ([ And fai' is especially ] for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and properties, while they were seeking the grace of Allah and (His) pleasure, and were helping Allah and His Messenger. They are the truthful.... 59:8) This verse describes all the characteristics of the emigrants. The first of them is that they were driven from their homes and wealth, that is to say, their only crime was that they had embraced Islam and supported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ، as a result of which the pagans of Makkah persecuted them, so much so that they had to abandon their hearths and homes and emigrate to Madinah. Some of them had to tie stones to their stomach on account of unbearable hunger, and others used to protect themselves against cold by digging holes in the ground, because they did not have clothes to save them from the chill of winter. [ Mazhari, Qurtubi ] An Important Issue: The rule about the control of unbelievers over the wealth and property of the Muslims This verse describes the emigrants as poor, whereas a faqir [ poor ] in Islamic law refers to a person who has no property whatever, or a person who possesses a little property, but is poor because he does not possess the minimum amount of property constituting nisab of Zakah. However, most of the emigrants were rich, wealthy and affluent while they were in Makkah. Even after migration, if the wealth had remained in their ownership, it would be inappropriate to refer to them as 'poor' because they had nisab of Zakah. But the Qur'an refers to them as 'poor' and thus points out that the wealth and property which they had left behind in Makkah, and the pagans subsequently took possession of them, became the property of the pagans and the Muslims lost its ownership. Therefore, Imams Abu Hanifah and Malik رحمۃ اللہ علیہما ruled that if Muslims abandon their homes and possessions and migrate to some other land, and the non-believers take control of their abandoned homes and property, the ownership passes into their hands and Muslims lose ownership. Similarly, if - God forbid! - the unbelievers conquer an Islamic country, usurping Muslim property and wealth, then after having full control over it, they are deemed as owners of that property. Consequently, their transactions of sale and purchase of such properties are recognized in Shari` ah. Mazhari has, on this occasion in his commentary, cited all the relevant Traditions supporting this view. The second characteristic of the emigrants is described thus: يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَرِ‌ضْوَانًا (...seeking the grace of Allah and [ His ] pleasure...59:8). When they embraced Islam, abandoned their country and wealth and migrated, they did not have any ulterior motive. They did all this only to seek Divine favour and gain His good pleasure. This indicates their perfect sincerity. The word fadl [ bounty, grace ] is normally used for worldly blessings and ridwan [ good pleasure ] for blessings of the Hereafter. From this viewpoint, the verse purports to describe that the emigrants gave up all their previous means of luxury, such as their hearths and homes, and now they were in quest of their worldly needs and the blessings of the Hereafter in the shade of Islam. Their objective was to seek the necessities of worldly life under the banner of Allah's and His Messenger's efficacious grace. The third characteristic of the emigrants is described thus: وَيَنصُرُ‌ونَ اللَّـهَ وَرَ‌سُولَهُ (...and were helping Allah and His Messenger...59:8). The phrase 'help Allah' means to help His religion, for which they made tremendous and amazing self-sacrifices. The fourth characteristic of the emigrants is described thus: أُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ (... They are the truthful...59:8). That is, such people are sincerely true in words and deeds. The covenant they made with Allah and His Messenger by reciting the kalimah, they duly fulfilled it and proved themselves to be true about it. This verse candidly testifies to the truthfulness of all emigrant Companions. Anyone calling any of them a 'liar' cannot be a Muslim, because he is rejecting this verse. God forbid! Rawafid call these Companions 'hypocrites'. This is a clear rejection of the verse. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ held the emigrant Companions ؓ in such high esteem that when he prayed to Allah, he would supplicate through their wasilah. [ as transmitted by Al-Baghawi and Mazhari ].

Allah therefore said to them: these spoils-i.e. seven gardens that belonged to the Banu'l-Nadir-(And (it is) for the poor fugitives who have been driven out from their homes) because they were driven out of their homes in Mecca (and their belongings) the disbelievers of Mecca expelled them from Mecca, they were about one hundred men, (who seek bounty) who seek reward (and pleasure from Allah) and the good pleasure of Allah by means of jihad (and help Allah and His messenger) through jihad. (They are the loyal) they are the ones who are true in their faith and jihad.

Those Who deserve the Fai'; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar Allah states the categories of needy people who also deserve a part of the Fai', الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ وَأَمْوَلِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَناً (who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking bounties from Allah and (His) good pleasure,) meaning, departed their homes and defied their people, seeking the acceptance of Allah and His favor, وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الصَّـدِقُونَ (and helping Allah and His Messenger. Such are indeed the truthful.) meaning, `they are those who were truthful in statement and deed, and they are the chiefs of the Muhajirin.' Allah the Exalted praised the Ansar next and emphasized their virtue, status and honor, preferring to give to others over themselves, even though they were in need, and not feeling enviousness. Allah the Exalted said, وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالإِيمَـنَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ (And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes and had adopted the faith,) referring to those who resided in the city to which the migration occurred, before the emigrants arrived at it, and who embraced the faith before many of the emigrants. `Umar said, "I recommend the Khalifah, who will come after me, to know the rights and virtues of the foremost Muhajirin and to preserve their honor. I also recommend him to be kind to the Ansar, those who resided in the city of Hijrah and embraced the faith beforehand, that he accepts the good that comes from those who do good among them and forgives those among them who commit errors." Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith. Allah said, يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ (love those who emigrate to them,) indicates that they, on account of their generosity and honorable conduct, loved those who emigrated to them and comforted them with their wealth. Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said, "The Muhajirin said, `O Allah's Messenger! We have never met people like those whom we emigrated to; comforting us in times of scarcity and giving us with a good heart in times of abundance. They have sufficed for us and shared their wealth with us so much so, that we feared that they might earn the whole reward instead of us.' He said, «لَا، مَا أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَدَعَوْتُمُ اللهَ لَهُم» (No they won't, as long you thanked them for what they did and invoked Allah for them.)" I have not seen this version in the other books. Al-Bukhari recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id heard Anas bin Malik, when he went with him to Al-Walid, saying, "The Prophet called Ansar to divide Al-Bahrayn among them. The Ansar said, `Not until you give a similar portion to our emigrant brothers.' He said, «إِمَّا لَا، فَاصْبِرُوا حَتْى تَلْقَوْنِي، فَإِنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُكُمْ بَعْدِي أَثَرَة» (Perhaps, no; but you will soon see people giving preference to others, so remain patient until you meet me (on the Day of Resurrection).)" Al-Bukhari was alone with this version. He also recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "The Ansar said (to the Prophet ), `Distribute our date-palms between us and our emigrant brothers.' He replied, `No.' The Ansar said (to the emigrants), `Look tend to the trees and share the fruits with us.' The emigrants said, `We hear and obey."' Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, recorded it. The Ansar never envied the Muhajirin Allah said, وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ فِى صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ (and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given,) meaning, the Ansar did not have any envy for the Muhajirin because of the better status, rank, or more exalted grade that Allah gave the Muhajirin above them. Allah's statement, مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ (that which they have been given,) refers to what the Muhajirin were favored with, according to Qatadah and Ibn Zayd. Selflessness of the Ansar Allah said, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ (and give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that.) meaning, they preferred giving to the needy rather than attending to their own needs, and began by giving the people before their own selves, even though they too were in need. An authentic Hadith stated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ جُهْدُ الْمُقِل» (The best charity is that given when one is in need and struggling.) This exalted rank is better than the rank of those whom Allah described in His statements, وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ (And they give food, inspite of their love for it.)(76:8), and, وَءَاتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ (And gives his wealth, in spite of love for it.)(2:177) The latter give charity even though they love the wealth they give, not that they really need it, nor that it is necessary for them to keep it. The former prefer others to themselves even though they are in need and have a necessity for what they spend in charity. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq gave away all his wealth in charity and Allah's Messenger ﷺ asked him, «مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟» (What did you keep for your family,) and he said, "I kept for them Allah and His Messenger." `Ikrimah (bin Abi Jahl) and two other wounded fighters were offered water when they were injured during the battle of Al-Yarmuk, and each one of them said that the sip of water should be given to another of the three wounded men. They did so even though they were badly injured and craving water. When the water reached the third man, he and the other two died and none of them drank any of the water! May Allah be pleased with them and make them pleased with Him. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Poverty has stuck me.' The Prophet sent a messenger to his wives (to bring something for that man to eat) but they said that they had nothing. Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «أَلَا رَجُلٌ يُضَيِّفُ هَذَا، اللَّيْلَةَ، رَحِمَهُ الله» (Who will invite this person or entertain him as a guest tonight; may Allah grant His mercy to him who does so) An Ansari man said, `I, O Allah's Messenger!' So he took him to his wife and said to her, `Entertain the guest of Allah's Messenger ﷺ generously.' She said, `By Allah ! We have nothing except the meal for my children.' He said, `Let your children sleep if they ask for supper. Then turn off the lamp and we go to bed tonight while hungry.' She did what he asked her to do. In the morning the Ansari went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ who said, «لَقَدْ عَجِبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ ضَحِكَ مِنْ فُلَانٍ وَفُلَانَة» (Allah wondered (favorably) or laughed at the action of so-and-so and his wife.) Then Allah revealed, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ (and they give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that). " Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in another part of his Sahih. Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith. In another narration for this Hadith, the Companion's name was mentioined, it was Abu Talhah Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him. Allah said, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful.) indicating that those who are saved from being stingy, then they have earned success and a good achievement. Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظُّلْمَ، فَإِنَّ الظُّلْمَ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَاتَّقُوا الشُّحَّ، فَإِنَّ الشُّحَّ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، حَمَلَهُمْ عَلى أَنْ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَاسْتَحَلُّوا مَحَارِمَهُم» (Be on your guard against committing oppression, for oppression is a darkness on the Day of Resurrection. Be on your guard against being stingy, for being stingy is what destroyed those who were before you. It made them shed blood and make lawful what was unlawful for them.) Muslim collected this Hadith. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Al-Aswad bin Hilal said that a man said to `Abdullah (bin Mas`ud),"O Abu `Abdur-Rahman! I fear that I have earned destruction for myself." `Abdullah asked him what the matter was and he said, "I hear Allah's saying, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful.) and I am somewhat a miser who barely gives away anything." `Abdullah said, "That is not the greed Allah mentioned in the Qur'an, which pertains to illegally consuming your brother's wealth. What you have is miserliness, and it is an evil thing indeed to be a miser." Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) This is the third type of believers whose poor most deserve to receive a part of the Fai'. These three types are the Muhajirin, the Ansar and those who followed their righteous lead with excellence. Allah said in another Ayah, وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَـجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَـرِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ (And of the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muhajirin and the Ansar and also those who followed them exactly, Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him.)(9:100) The third type are those who followed the Muhajirin and Ansar in their good works, beautiful attributes and who invoke Allah for them in public and secret. This is why Allah the Exalted said in this honorable Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ (And those who came after them say), meaning, the statement that they utter is, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ (Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred), meaning, rage or envy, لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) Indeed, it is a beautiful way that Imam Malik used this honorable Ayah to declare that the Rafidah who curse the Companions do not have a share in the Fai' money, because they do not have the good quality of those whom Allah has described here that they say, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `A'ishah said, "They were commanded to invoke Allah to forgive them, but instead, they cursed them!" She then recited this Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ (And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.")