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۞ وَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ مِن جُندࣲ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَاۤءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِینَ ۝٢٨
wamā anzalnā ʿalā qawmihi min baʿdihi min jundin mina l-samāi wamā kunnā munzilīn
Ya Sin, Ya-Seen / Ya Sin (36:28)
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Abdel Haleem

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After him We did not send any army from heaven against his people, nor were We about to
wamā anzalnā ʿalā qawmihi min baʿdihi min jundin mina l-samāi wamā kunnā munzilīn

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Tafsir Commentary

ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ ("Enter Paradise.") so he entered it with all its bountiful provision, when Allah had taken away from him all the sickness, grief and exhaustion of this world. Mujahid said, "It was said to Habib An-Najjar, `Enter Paradise.' This was his right, for he had been killed. When he saw the reward, قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ (He said: "Would that my people knew...")." Qatadah said, "You will never find a believer but he is sincere and is never insincere. When he saw with his own eyes how Allah had honored him, he said: قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ - بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ (He said: "Would that my people knew that my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!") He wished that his people could know about what he was seeing with his own eyes of the honor of Allah." Ibn `Abbas said, "He was sincere towards his people during his lifetime by saying, يقَوْمِ اتَّبِعُواْ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (O my people! Obey the Messengers), and after his death by saying: قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يلَيْتَ قَوْمِى يَعْلَمُونَ - بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ (Would that my people knew that my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!) This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from `Asim Al-Ahwal from Abu Mijlaz: بِمَا غَفَرَ لِى رَبِّى وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ (That my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!) "Because of my faith in my Lord and my belief in the Messengers." He meant that if they could see the great reward and everlasting blessings that he had attained, this would lead them to follow the Messengers. May Allah have mercy on him and be pleased with him, for he was so keen that his people should be guided. وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ (And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send.) Allah tells us that He took revenge on his people after they had killed him because He, may He be blessed and exalted, was angry with them, for they had disbelieved in His Messengers and killed His close friend. Allah tells us that He did not send an army of angels, nor did He need to send them, to destroy these people; the matter was simpler than that. This was the view of Ibn Mas`ud, according to the reports of Ibn Ishaq from some of his companions concerning the Ayah: وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ (And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send.) He said: "`We did not seek to outnumber them, for the matter was simpler than that." إِن كَانَتْ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وَحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَـمِدُونَ (It was but one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still.) He said, "So Allah destroyed that tyrant king, and destroyed the people of Antioch, and they disappeared from the face of the earth, leaving no trace behind. It was said that the words وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ (nor was it needful for Us to send (such a thing).) mean, `We did not send the angels against the nations when We destroyed them; all We did was to send the punishment to destroy them.' It was said that the words: وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ (And We sent not against his people after him an army from the heaven,) mean, another Message to them. This was the view of Mujahid and Qatadah. Qatadah said, "Allah did not rebuke his people after they killed him, إِن كَانَتْ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وَحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَـمِدُونَ (It was but one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still)." Ibn Jarir said, "The former view is more correct, because the Message does not need to be brought by an army." The scholars of Tafsir said, "Allah sent Jibril, peace be upon him, to them, and he seized the pillars at the gate of their city, then he hurled one Sayhah upon them and lo! they (all) were still, to the last man among them, and no soul was left in any body." We have already referred to the reports from many of the Salaf that this city was Antioch, and that these three Messengers were messengers sent from the Messiah `Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, as Qatadah and others stated. This is not mentioned by any of the later scholars of Tafsir besides him, and this issue must be examined from a number of angles. (The first) is that if we take this story at face value, it indicates that these men were Messengers from Allah, may He be glorified, not from the Messiah, peace be upon him, as Allah says: إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمُ اثْنَيْنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزْنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَقَالُواْ إِنَّآ إِلَيْكُمْ مُّرْسَلُونَ (When We sent to them two Messengers, they denied them both; so We reinforced them with a third, and they said: "Verily, we have been sent to you as Messengers.") up to: قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا يَعْلَمُ إِنَّآ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمُرْسَلُونَ - وَمَا عَلَيْنَآ إِلاَّ الْبَلَـغُ الْمُبِينُ ("Our Lord knows that we have been sent as Messengers to you. And our duty is only to convey plainly (the Message).") If they had been from among the Disciples, they would have said something to indicate that they had come from the Messiah, peace be upon him. And Allah knows best. Moreover, if they had been messengers sent by the Messiah, why would the people have said to them, إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا ("You are only human beings like ourselves") (The second) is that the people of Antioch did believe in the messengers sent by the Messiah to them. Antioch was the first city to believe in the Messiah, and it is one of the four cities in which there are Christian patriarchs. These cities are: Jerusalem, because it is the city of the Messiah; Antioch, because it was the first city where all of the people believed in the Messiah; Alexandria, because it was in that city that they agreed to reform the hierarchy of patriarchs, metropolitans (archbishops), bishops, priests, deacons and monks; and Rome, because it is the city of the Emperor Constantine who supported and helped to establish their religion. When he adopted Constantinople as his city, the Patriarch of Rome moved there, as has been mentioned by several historian, such as Sa`id bin Batriq and others, both People of the Book and Muslims. If we accept that, then the people of Antioch were the first to believe, but Allah tells us that the people of this town rejected His Messengers and that He destroyed them with one Sayhah and lo! they (all) were still. And Allah knows best. (The third) is that the story of Antioch and the Disciples of the Messiah happened after the Tawrah had been revealed. Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, and others among the Salaf stated that after revealing the Tawrah, Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, did not destroy an entire nation by sending a punishment upon them. Rather, He commanded the believers to fight the idolators. They mentioned this when discussing the Ayah: وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old -- the Scripture) (28:43). This implies that the city mentioned in the Qur'an is a city other than Antioch, as also stated by more than one of the Salaf. Or, if we wish to keep the same name, it is possible that it is another Antioch, not the one which is well-known, for it is not known that it (the famous Antioch) was destroyed, either during Christian times or before. And Allah knows best.
And We did not send mā here is for negation down on his people namely Habīb’s after him after his death any host from the heaven that is any angels to destroy them nor do We ever send down any angels to destroy anyone.
وما احتاج الأمر إلى إنزال جند من السماء لعذابهم بعد قتلهم الرجل الناصح لهم وتكذيبهم رسلهم، فهم أضعف من ذلك وأهون، وما كنا منزلين الملائكة على الأمم إذا أهلكناهم، بل نبعث عليهم عذابًا يدمرهم.
وقوله تبارك وتعالى "وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده من جند من السماء وما كنا منزلين" يخبر تعالى أنه انتقم من قومه بعد قتلهم إياه غضبا منه تبارك وتعالى عليهم لأنهم كذبوا رسله وقتلوا وليه ويذكر عز وجل أنه ما أنزل عليهم وما احتاج في إهلاكه إياهم إلى إنزال جند من الملائكة عليهم بل الأمر كان أيسر من ذلك. قاله ابن مسعود فيما رواه ابن إسحاق عن بعض أصحابه أنه قال في قوله تعالى: "وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده من جند من السماء وما كنا منزلين" أي ما كاثرناهم بالجموع الأمر كان أيسر علينا من ذلك.
ثم بين - سبحانه - ما نزل بأصحاب القرية من عذاب أهلكهم فقال : ( وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا على قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ ) أى : من بعده موته .( مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السمآء ) لأنهم كانوا أحقر وأهون من أن نفعل معهم ذلك .( وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ ) أى : وما صح وما استقام فى حكمتنا أن ننزل عليهم جندا من السماء ، لهوان شأنهم ، وهوان قدرهم .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنْزِلِينَ (28)يقول تعالى ذكره: وما أنـزلنا على قوم هذا المؤمن الذي قتله قومه لدعائه إياهم إلى الله ونصيحته لهم ( مِنْ بَعْدِهِ) يعني: من بعد مهلكه ( مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ).واختلف أهل التأويل في معنى الجند الذي أخبر الله أنه لم ينـزل إلى قوم هذا المؤمن بعد قتلهموه فقال بعضهم: عُنِي بذلك أنه لم ينـزل الله بعد ذلك إليهم رسالة، ولا بعث إليهم نبيًّا.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعًا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله ( مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ) قال: رسالة .حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا حَكَّام، عن عنبسة، عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن، عن القاسم بن أبي بَزَّة عن مجاهد، مثله.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَمَا أَنـزلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنـزلِينَ ) قال: فلا والله ما عاتب الله قومه بعد قتله ( إِنْ كَانَتْ إِلا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ ).وقال آخرون: بل عني بذلك أن الله تعالى ذكره لم يبعث لهم جنودًا يقاتلهم بها، ولكنه أهلكهم بصيحة واحدة.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، قال: ثني ابن إسحاق، عن بعض أصحابه، أن عبد الله بن مسعود، قال: غضب الله له، يعني لهذا المؤمن، &; 20-511 &; لاستضعافهم إياه غضبةً لم تبق من القوم شيئًا، فعجَّل لهم النقمة بما استحلوا منه، وقال: ( وَمَا أَنـزلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنـزلِينَ ) يقول: ما كاثرناهم بالجموع أي الأمر أيسر علينا من ذلك ( إِنْ كَانَتْ إِلا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ ) فأهلك الله ذلك الملك وأهل أنطاكية، فبادوا عن وجه الأرض، فلم تبق منهم باقية .وهذا القول الثاني أولى القولين بتأويل الآية، وذلك أن الرسالة لا يقال لها جند إلا أن يكون أراد مجاهد بذلك الرُّسُل، فيكون وجهًا، وإن كان أيضًا من المفهوم بظاهر الآية بعيدًا، وذلك أن الرسل من بني آدم لا ينـزلون من السماء والخبر في ظاهر هذه الآية عن أنه لم ينـزل من السماء بعد مَهْلِك هذا المؤمن على قومه جندًا وذلك بالملائكة أشبه منه ببني آدم.
فذلك قوله عز وجل : ( وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده من جند من السماء ) يعني : الملائكة ، ( وما كنا منزلين ) وما كنا نفعل هذا ، بل الأمر في إهلاكهم كان أيسر مما يظنون .وقيل : معناه " وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده " أي : على قوم حبيب النجار من بعد قتله من جند ، وما كنا ننزلهم على الأمم إذا أهلكناهم ، كالطوفان والصاعقة والريح .
وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنْزِلِينَ (28) رجوع إلى قصة أصحاب القرية بعد أن انقطع الحديث عنهم بذكر الرجل المؤمن الذي جاء من أقصى المدينة ناصحاً لهم وكان هذا الرجوع بمناسبة أن القوم قومُ ذلك الرجل .فجملة { وما أنزلنا على قومه } الخ عطف على جملة { قيل ادخُل الجَنَّة } [ يس : 26 ] فهي مستأنفة أيضاً استئنافاً بيانياً لأن السامع يتشوف إلى معرفة ما كان من هذا الرجل ومِن أمر قومه الذين نصحهم فلم ينتصحوا فلما بيّن للسامع ما كان من أمره عطف عليه بيان ما كان من أمر القوم بعدَه .وافتتاح قصة عقابهم في الدنيا بنفي صورة من صُور الانتقام تمهيد للمقصود من أنهم ما حلّ بهم إلا مثل ما حلّ بأمثالهم من عذاب الاستئصال ، أي لم ننزل جنوداً من السماء مخلوقة لقتال قومه ، أو لم ننزل جنوداً من الملائكة من السماء لإِهلاكهم ، وما كانت عقوبتهم إلا صيحة واحدة من مَلَك واحد أهلكتهم جميعاً .و { مِن } في قوله : { مِن بَعْدِهِ } مزيدة في الظرف لتأكيد اتصال المظروف بالظرف وأصلها { مِن } الابتدائية ، وإضافة { بعد } إلى ضمير الرجل على تقدير مضاف شائع الحذف ، أي بعدَ موته كقوله تعالى : { إذ قال لبنيه ما تعبدون من بعدي } [ البقرة : 133 ] .و { مِن } في قوله : { مِن جُندٍ } مؤكدة لعموم { جُنْدٍ } في سياق النفي ، و { مِن } في قوله : { مِنَ السَّمَاءِ } ابتدائية وفي الإِتيان بحرف { مِن } ثلاثَ مرات مع اختلاف المعنى مُحسّن الجناس . وفي هذا تعريض بالمشركين من أهل مكة إذ قالوا للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم { أو تأتَي بالله والملائكة قبيلاً } [ الإسراء : 92 ] أي تأتي بالله الذي تدّعي أنه أرسلك ومعه جنده من الملائكة ليثأر لك .فجملة { وما كُنَّا مُنزِلينَ } معترضة بين نوعي العقاب المنفي والمثبَت ، لقصد الرد على المشركين بأن سنة الله تعالى لم تجر بإنزال الجنود على المكذبين وشأن العاصين أَدْوَنُ من هذا الاهتمام .
قال اللّه في عقوبة قومه: [ { وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ] مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ } أي: ما احتجنا أن نتكلف في عقوبتهم، فننزل جندا من السماء لإتلافهم، { وَمَا كُنَّا مُنْزِلِينَ } لعدم الحاجة إلى ذلك، وعظمة اقتدار اللّه تعالى، وشدة ضعف بني آدم، وأنهم أدنى شيء يصيبهم من عذاب اللّه يكفيهم
فلما قتل حبيب غضب الله له وعجل النقمة على قومه ، فأمر جبريل فصاح بهم صيحة فماتوا عن آخرهم ، فذلك قوله : وما أنزلنا على قومه من بعده من جند من السماء وما كنا منزلين أي : ما أنزلنا عليهم من رسالة ولا نبي بعد قتله ، قاله قتادة ومجاهد والحسن . قال الحسن : الجند : الملائكة النازلون بالوحي على الأنبياء . وقيل : الجند : العساكر ، أي : لم أحتج في هلاكهم إلى إرسال جنود ولا جيوش ولا عساكر ، بل أهلكهم بصيحة واحدة . قال معناه ابن مسعود وغيره .فقوله : " وما كنا منزلين " تصغير لأمرهم ، أي : أهلكناهم بصيحة واحدة من بعد ذلك الرجل ، أو من بعد رفعه إلى السماء . وقيل : وما كنا منزلين على من كان قبلهم . الزمخشري : فإن قلت : فلم أنزل الجنود من السماء يوم بدر والخندق ؟ فقال : فأرسلنا عليهم ريحا وجنودا لم تروها ، وقال : بثلاثة آلاف من الملائكة منزلين ، بخمسة آلاف من الملائكة مسومين .قلت : إنما كان يكفي ملك واحد ، فقد أهلكت مدائن قوم لوط بريشة من جناح جبريل ، وبلاد ثمود وقوم صالح بصيحة ، ولكن الله فضل محمدا - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بكل شيء على سائر الأنبياء وأولي العزم من الرسل ، فضلا عن حبيب النجار ، وأولاه من أسباب الكرامة والإعزاز ما لم يوله أحدا ، فمن ذلك أنه أنزل له جنودا من السماء ، وكأنه أشار بقوله : وما أنزلنا . وما كنا منزلين إلى أن إنزال الجنود من عظائم الأمور التي لا يؤهل لها إلا مثلك ، وما كنا نفعل لغيرك .
When a decision is taken by Almighty God to destroy a community, it is enough for Him to direct the forces of nature against it: He does not need to utilise heavenly forces for the purpose. People always mock or ridicule the one who appears to them to be of a low status. This was the case with the prophets. The prophets’ personalities were underestimated by the people and they were considered of too low a standing to represent the Divine Truths.
In verses 28 and 29, it was said: وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ إِن كَانَتْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ " (And We did not send down to his people any army from the heavens after him, nor were We (in need ) to send down. It was no more than a single Cry, and in no time they were extinguished.) Mentioned here is the Divine punishment that descended upon the people who had rejected the messengers and had beaten up Habib Najjar until he died a martyr. And regarding the sending of punishment, it was said that Allah did not have to send an army of angels to seize these people - nor was it the way of Allah to send such an army, because just a single angel of Allah is enough to destroy the greatest, mightiest and the bravest of nations. Why would he need to send an army of angels? After that, given there was a crisp description of the punishment coming upon them - it was just a single shrill Cry of the angel, and there they were, all extinguished under its sonic sweep. It appears in Hadith narrations that the archangel, Jibra'il al-'amin (علیہ السلام) ، holding the two sides of the city gate, came up with a hard and horrendous Cry, the shock from which proved unbearable for any living soul, and they all succumbed to sudden death. The state of their dying has been expressed through the word: خَامِدُونَ khamidun) by the Qur'an. The words: خَامِدا (khamada) and خُمُود (khumud) are used to mean the extinguishing or dying of fire. The life of the living depends on energy. When this energy is not there, what remains is death. So, 'khamidun' means extinguished, gone extinct, put off.
(We sent not down) as destruction (against his people after him) after they killed him (a host from heaven) angels from heaven, (nor do We ever send) down to them angels; it is also said that this means: We did not send to them messengers after they killed him.