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ذَ ٰلِكُم بِأَنَّهُۥۤ إِذَا دُعِیَ ٱللَّهُ وَحۡدَهُۥ كَفَرۡتُمۡ وَإِن یُشۡرَكۡ بِهِۦ تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ۚ فَٱلۡحُكۡمُ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡعَلِیِّ ٱلۡكَبِیرِ ۝١٢
dhālikum bi-annahu idhā duʿiya l-lahu waḥdahu kafartum wa-in yush'rak bihi tu'minū fal-ḥuk'mu lillahi l-ʿaliyi l-kabīr
The Forgiver, The Forgiving One / Ghafir (40:12)
Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (8) cited by only one commentator
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Abdel Haleem

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[They will be told], ‘This is all because when God alone was invoked you rejected this, yet when others were associated with Him you believed [in them].’ Judgement belongs to God the Most High, the Most Great
dhālikum bi-annahu idhā duʿiya l-lahu waḥdahu kafartum wa-in yush'rak bihi tu'minū fal-ḥuk'mu lillahi l-ʿaliyi l-kabīr

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Tafsir Commentary

The Regret of the Disbelievers after They enter Hell Allah tells us that the disbelievers will feel regret on the Day of Resurrection, when they enter Hell and sink in the agonizing depth of fire. When they actually experience the unbearable punishment of Allah, they will hate themselves with the utmost hatred, because of the sins they committed in the past, which were the cause of their entering the Fire. At that point the angels will tell them in a loud voice that Allah's hatred towards them in this world, when Faith was offered to them and they rejected it, is greater than their hatred towards themselves in this situation. Qatadah said, concerning the Ayah: لَمَقْتُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ مِن مَّقْتِكُمْ أَنفُسَكُـمْ إِذْ تُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى الإِيمَـنِ فَتَكْفُرُونَ (Indeed, Allah's aversion was greater towards you than your aversion toward yourselves, when you were called to the Faith but you used to refuse.) "Allah's hatred for the people of misguidance -- when Faith is presented to them in this world, and they turn away from it and refuse to accept it -- is greater than their hatred for themselves when they see the punishment of Allah with their own eyes on the Day of Resurrection." This was also the view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Mujahid, As-Suddi, Dharr bin `Ubaydullah Al-Hamdani, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on them all. قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَمَتَّنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحْيَيْتَنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ (They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us to die twice, and You have given us life twice!...") Ath-Thawri narrated from Abu Ishaq from Abu Al-Ahwas from Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him: "This Ayah is like the Ayah: كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَتًا فَأَحْيَـكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you death, then again will bring you to life and then unto Him you will return.)"(2:28) This was also the view of Ibn `Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah and Abu Malik. This is undoubtedly the correct view. What is meant by all of this is that when they are standing before Allah in the arena of Resurrection, the disbelievers will ask to go back, as Allah says: وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الْمُجْرِمُونَ نَاكِسُواْ رُءُوسِهِمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ رَبَّنَآ أَبْصَرْنَا وَسَمِعْنَا فَارْجِعْنَا نَعْمَلْ صَـلِحاً إِنَّا مُوقِنُونَ (And if you only could see when the criminals shall hang their heads before their Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back, that we will do righteous good deeds. Verily, we now believe with certainty.") (32:12), However, they will get no response. Then when they see the Fire and they are held over it and they look at the punishments therein, they will ask even more fervently than before to go back, but they will get no response. Allah says: وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى النَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يلَيْتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلاَ نُكَذِّبَ بِـَايَـتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ - بَلْ بَدَا لَهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يُخْفُونَ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ (If you could but see when they will be held over the (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would that we were but sent back (to the world)! Then we would not deny the Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of the believers!" Nay, it has become manifest to them what they had been concealing before. But if they were returned, they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars.) (6:27-28). When they actually enter Hell and have a taste of its heat, hooked rods of iron and chains, their plea to go back will be at its most desperate and fervent: وَهُمْ يَصْطَرِخُونَ فِيهَا رَبَّنَآ أَخْرِجْنَا نَعْمَلْ صَـلِحاً غَيْرَ الَّذِى كُـنَّا نَعْمَلُ أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَّا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَن تَذَكَّرَ وَجَآءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ فَذُوقُواْ فَمَا لِلظَّـلِمِينَ مِن نَّصِيرٍ (Therein they will cry: "Our Lord! Bring us out, we shall do righteous good deeds, not that we used do." (Allah will reply): "Did We not give you lives long enough, so that whosoever would receive admonition could receive it And the warner came to you. So taste you. For the wrongdoers there is no helper.") (35:37) رَبَّنَآ أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَـلِمُونَ - قَالَ اخْسَئُواْ فِيهَا وَلاَ تُكَلِّمُونِ (Our Lord! Bring us out of this. If ever we return (to evil), then indeed we shall be wrongdoers." He (Allah) will say: "Remain you in it with ignominy! And speak you not to Me!) (23:108). According to this Ayah, they will speak more eloquently, and they will introduce their plea with the words: رَبَّنَآ أَمَتَّنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحْيَيْتَنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ (Our Lord! You have made us to die twice, and You have given us life twice!) meaning, `by Your almighty power, You have brought us to life after we were dead, then You caused us to die after we were alive; You are able to do whatever You will. We confess our sins and admit that we wronged ourselves in the world,' فَهَلْ إِلَى خُرُوجٍ مِّن سَبِيلٍ (then is there any way to get out) means, `will You answer our prayer to send us back to the world, for You are able to do that, so that we might do deeds different from those which we used to do Then if we go back to our former ways, we will indeed be wrongdoers.' The response will be: `There is no way for you to go back to the world.' Then the reason for that will be given: `Your nature will not accept the truth and be governed by it, you would reject it and ignore it.' Allah says: ذَلِكُم بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِىَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَـفَرْتُمْ وَإِن يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُواْ ((It will be said): "This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked (in worship), you disbelieved; but when partners were joined to Him, you believed!") meaning, `if you were to go back, this is how you would be.' This is like the Ayah: وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ (But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that when they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars) (6:28). فَالْحُكْمُ للَّهِ الْعَلِـىِّ الْكَبِيرِ (So the judgement is only with Allah, the Most High, the Most Great!) means, He is the Judge of His creation, the Just Who is never unjust. He guides whomsoever He wills and sends astray whomsoever He wills; He has mercy on whomsoever He wills and punishes whomsoever He wills; there is no God except Him. هُوَ الَّذِى يُرِيكُمْ ءَايَـتِهِ (It is He Who shows you His Ayat) means, He demonstrates His power to His servants through the mighty signs which they see in His creation, above and below, which indicate the perfection of its Creator and Originator. وَيُنَزِّلُ لَكُم مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ رِزْقاً (and sends down provision for you from the sky.) this refers to rain, through which crops and fruits are brought forth, which with their different colors, tastes, fragrances and forms are a sign of the Creator. It is one kind of water, but by His great power He makes all these things different. وَمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ (And none remembers) means, no one learns a lesson or is reminded by these things, or takes them as a sign of the might of the Creator, إِلاَّ مَن يُنِيبُ (but those who turn in repentance.) which means, those who have insight and turn to Allah, may He be blessed and exalted. The Believers are commanded to worship Allah Alone no matter what Their Circumstances فَادْعُواْ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَـفِرُونَ (So, call you upon Allah making religion sincerely for Him, however much the disbelievers may hate.) This means, worship Allah and call upon Him alone in all sincerity. Do not be like the idolators in conduct and beliefs. Imam Ahmad recorded that after ending every prayer, `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr used to say: "There is no (true) God except Allah Alone with no partner or associate, His is the dominion and praise, for He is able to do all things; there is no strength and no power except with Allah; there is no (true) God except Allah and we worship none but Him; to Him belongs the blessings and the virtue and good praise; there is no (true) God except Allah, we worship Him in all sincerity even though the disbelievers may hate that." He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say Tahlil with this after every prayer." Something similar was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. It was reported in Sahih from Ibn Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say the following after the prescribed (obligatory) prayers: «لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللهِ، لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَلَا نَعْبُدُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ، لَهُ النِّعْمَةُ وَلَهُ الْفَضْلُ وَلَهُ الثَّــنَاءُ الْحَسَنُ، لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُون» (There is no (true) God except Allah Alone with no partner or associate, His is the dominion and praise, for He is able to do all things; there is no strength and no power except with Allah; there is no (true) God except Allah and we worship none but Him; His is the blessing and virtue and good praise; there is no (true) God except Allah, we worship Him in all sincerity even though the disbelievers hate that.)
That namely the chastisement which you find yourselves in is because during the life of this world when God was invoked alone you would disbelieve in His Oneness; but if partners were ascribed to Him you would believe you would accept such idolatry. So the judgement to chastise you belongs to God the Exalted above His creation the Great the Tremendous.
ذلكم العذاب الذي لكم- أيها الكافرون- بسبب أنكم كنتم إذا دُعيتم لتوحيد الله وإخلاص العمل له كفرتم به، وإن يُجْعل لله شريك تُصَدِّقوا به وتتبعوه. فالله سبحانه وتعالى هو الحاكم في خلقه، العادل الذي لا يجور، يهدي من يشاء ويضل من يشاء، ويرحم مَن يشاء ويعذب مَن يشاء، لا إله إلا هو الذي له علو الذات والقَدْر والقهر، وله الكبرياء والعظمة.
أي أنتم هكذا تكونون وإن رددتم إلى الدار الدنيا كما قال عز وجل "ولو ردوا لعادوا لما نهوا عنه وإنهم لكاذبون" وقوله جل وعلا "فالحكم لله العلي الكبير" أي هو الحاكم في خلقه العادل الذي لا يجور فيهدي من يشاء ويضل من يشاء ويرحم من يشاء ويعذب من يشاء لا إله إلا هو.
ثم بين - سبحانه - أن تذللهم هذا لن يجديهم ، وأن ما هم فيه من عذاب سببه إعراضهم عن دعوة الحق فى الدنيا ، فقال : ( ذَلِكُم بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ الله وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ وَإِن يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُواْ فالحكم للَّهِ العلي الكبير ) .أى : ذلكم الذى نزل بكم من عذاب سببه ، أنكم كنتم فى الدنيا إذا عبد الله - تعالى - وحده ، وطلب منكم ذلك كفرتم به - عز وجل - ، وإن يشرك به غيره من الأصنام أو غيرها آمنتم ، وما دام هذا حالكم فى الدنيا ، فأخسأوا فى النار ولا تؤملوا فى الخروج منها ، بحال من الأحوال ، فالحكم لله وحده دون غيره ، وهو سبحانه الذى حكم عليكم بما حكم . .وهو - سبحانه - ( العلي ) أى : المتعالى عن أن يكون له مماثل فى ذاته أو صفاته ( الكبير ) أى : العظيم الذى هو أعظم وأكبر من أن يكون له شريك أو صاحبة أو ولد .وجمع - سبحانه - لذاته بين هذين الوصفين للدلالة على كبريائه وعظمته .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : ذَلِكُمْ بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ وَإِنْ يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ (12)وفي هذا الكلام متروك استغني بدلالة الظاهر من ذكره عليه; وهو: فأجيبوا أن لا سبيل إلى ذلك هذا الذي لكم من العذاب أيها الكافرون ( بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ ) , فأنكرتم أن تكون الألوهة له خالصة, وقلتم أَجَعَلَ الآلِهَةَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا .( وَإِنْ يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا ) يقول: وإن يجعل لله شريك تصدّقوا من جعل ذلك له ( فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ ) يقول: فالقضاء لله العلي على كل شيء, الكبير الذي كل شيء دونه متصاغرا له اليوم.
قال الله تعالى : ( ذلكم بأنه إذا دعي الله وحده كفرتم ) وفيه متروك استغني عنه لدلالة الظاهر عليه ، مجازه : فأجيبوا أن لا سبيل إلى ذلك ، وهذا العذاب والخلود في النار بأنكم إذا دعي الله وحده كفرتم ، إذا قيل لا إله إلا الله كفرتم وقلتم : " أجعل الآلهة إلها واحدا " ( ص - 5 ( وإن يشرك به ) غيره ، ) ( تؤمنوا ) تصدقوا ذلك الشرك ، ( فالحكم لله العلي الكبير ) الذي لا أعلى منه ولا أكبر .
ذَلِكُمْ بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ وَإِنْ يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ (12)عدل عن جوابهم بالحرمان من الخروج إلى ذكر سبب وقوعهم في العذاب ، وإذ قد كانوا عالمين به حين قالوا : { فاعترفنا بذنوبنا } [ غافر : 11 ] ، كانت إعادة التوقيف عليه بعد سؤال الصفح عنه كنايةً عن استدامته وعدم استجابة سؤالهم الخروج منه على وجه يشعر بتحقيرهم . وزيد ذلك تحقيقاً بقوله : { فالحُكمُ لله العَلِي الكَبِير } .فالإِشارة ب { ذلكم } إلى ما هم فيه من العذاب الذي أنبأ به قوله : { يُنادون لمقتُ الله أكبر من مقتِكم أنفُسكم } [ غافر : 10 ] وما عقب به من قولهم : { فهل إلى خروج من سبيل } [ غافر : 11 ] .والباء في { بأنه } للسببية ، أي بسبب كفركم إذا دُعي الله وحده . وضمير { بأنه } ضمير الشأن ، وهو مفسر بما بعده من قوله : { إذا دُعِيَ الله وحْدَه كفرتُم وإن يُشْرك به تُؤمنُوا } ، فالسبب هو مضمون القصة الذي حاصل سبكِه : بكفركم بالوحدانية وإيمانكم بالشرك .و { إذا } مستعملة هنا في الزمن الماضي لأن دعاء الله واقع في الحياة الدنيا وكذلك كفرهم بوحدانية الله ، فالدعاء الذي مضى مع كفرهم به كان سبب وقوعهم في العذاب .ومجيء { وإنْ يُشْرك بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا } بصيغة المضارع في الفعلين مؤوّل بالماضي بقرينة ما قبله ، وإيثار صيغة المضارع في الفعلين لدلالتهما على تكرر ذلك منهم في الحياة الدنيا فإن لتكرره أثراً في مضاعفة العذاب لهم .والدعاء : النداء ، والتوجهُ بالخطاب . وكلا المعنيين يستعمل فيه الدعاء ويطلق الدعاء على العبادة ، كما سيأتي عند قوله تعالى : { وقال ربكم ادعُوني أستَجِب لَكُم } في هذه السورة [ 60 ] ، فالمعنى إذا نودي الله بمسمعكم نداء دالاً على أنه إله واحد مثل آيات القرآن الدالة على نداء الله بالوحدانية ، فالدعاء هنا الإِعلان والذكر ، ولذلك قوبل بقوله : { كَفَرْتُم وإن يُشْرَك بهِ تُؤْمِنُوا } ، والدعاء بهذا المعنى أعم من الدعاء بمعنى سؤال الحاجات ولكنه يشمله ، أو إذا عُبد الله وحده .ومعنى { كفرتم } جدّدتم الكفر ، وذلك إمّا بصدور أقوال منهم ينكرون فيها انفراد الله بالإلهية ، وإمّا بملاحظة الكفر ملاحظةً جديدة وتذكر آلهتهم . ومعنى : { وإن يُشْرك به تُؤمنوا } إن يَصدر ما يدل على الإِشراك بالله من أقوال زعمائهم ورفاقهم الدالة على تعدد الآلهة أو إذا أُشرك به في العبادة تؤمنوا ، أي تجددوا الإيمان بتعدد الآلهة في قُلوبكم أو تؤيدوا ذلك بأقوال التأييد والزيادة . ومتعلِّق { كفرتم } و { تؤمنوا } محذوفان لدلالة ما قبلهما . والتقدير : كفرتم بتوحيده وتؤمنوا بالشركاء .وجيء في الشرط الأول ب { إذا التي الغالب في شرطها تحقق وقوعه إشارة إلى أن دعاء الله وحده أمر محقق بين المؤمنين لا تخلو عنه أيامهم ولا مجامعهم ، مع ما تفيد إذا من الرغبة في حصول مضمون شرطها .وجيء في الشرط الثاني بحرف إنْ التي أصلها عدم الجزم بوقوع شرطها ، أو أَنَّ شرطها أمر مفروض ، مع أن الإِشراك مُحقق تنزيلاً للمحقق منزلة المشكوك المفروض للتنبيه على أن دلائل بطلان الشرك واضحة بأدنى تأمل وتدبر فنزل إشراكهم المحقق منزلة المفروض لأن المقام مشتمل على ما يَقلَع مضمون الشرط من أصله فلا يصلح إلاّ لفرضه على نحو ما يفرض المعدوم موجوداً أو المحال ممكناً .والألف واللام في الحكم للجنس . واللام في لله للملككِ أي جنس الحكم ملك لله ، وهذا يفيد قصر هذا الجنس على الكون لله كما تقدم في قوله : { الحمد لله } في سورة [ الفاتحة : 2 ] وهو قصر حقيقي إذ لا حكم يوم القيامة لغير الله تعالى .وبهذه الآية تمسك الحرورية يوم حروراء حين تداعَى جيش الكوفة وجيش الشام إلى التحكيم فثارت الحرورية على علي بن أبي طالب وقالوا : لا حُكم إلا لله ( جعلوا التعريف للجنس والصيغة للقصر ) وحدَّقوا إلى هذه الآية وأغضوا عن آيات جَمَّة ، فقال عليّ لما سمعها : «كلمةُ حَقَ أُريد بها باطل» اضطرب الناس ولم يتم التحكيم .وإيثار صفتي { العَلِيّ الكَبِير } بالذكر هنا لأن معناهما مناسب لحِرمانهم من الخروج من النار ، أي لِعدم نقض حكم الله عليهم بالخلود في النار ، لأن العلوّ في وصفه تعالى علوّ مجازي اعتباري بمعنى شرف القدر وكماله ، فهو العلي في مراتب الكمالات كلها بالذات ، ومن جملة ما يقتضيه ذلك تمامُ العلم وتمامُ العدل ، فلذلك لا يَحكم إلا بما تقتضيه الحكمة والعدل .ووصف { الكبير } كذلك هو كبَر مجازي ، وهو قوة صفات كماله ، فإن الكبير قوي وهو الغنيُّ المطلق ، وكلا الوصفين صيغ على مثال الصفة المشبهة للدلالة على الاتصاف الذاتي المكين ، وإنما يقبل حكم النقض لأحد أمرين إما لعدم جريه على ما يقتضيه من سبب الحكم وهو النقض لأجل مخالفة الحق وهذا ينافيه وصف { العلي ، } وإمَّا لأنه جَور ومجاوز للحد ، وهذا ينافيه وصف { الكبير } لأنه يقتضي الغِنَى عن الجور .
{ ذَلِكُمْ بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ } أي: إذا دعي لتوحيده، وإخلاص العمل له، ونهي عن الشرك به { كَفَرْتُمْ } به واشمأزت لذلك قلوبكم ونفرتم غاية النفور.{ وَإِنْ يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا } أي: هذا الذي أنزلكم هذ المنزل وبوأكم هذا المقيل والمحل، أنكم تكفرون بالإيمان، وتؤمنون بالكفر، ترضون بما هو شر وفساد في الدنيا والآخرة، وتكرهون ما هو خير وصلاح في الدنيا والآخرة.تؤثرون سبب الشقاوة والذل والغضب وتزهدون بما هو سبب الفوز والفلاح والظفر { وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الرُّشْدِ لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الْغَيِّ يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا } { فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ } العلي: الذي له العلو المطلق من جميع الوجوه، علو الذات، وعلو القدر، وعلو القهر ومن علو قدره، كمال عدله تعالى، وأنه يضع الأشياء مواضعها، ولا يساوي بين المتقين والفجار.{ الْكَبِيرُ } الذي له الكبرياء والعظمة والمجد، في أسمائه وصفاته وأفعاله المتنزه عن كل آفة وعيب ونقص، فإذا كان الحكم له تعالى، وقد حكم عليكم بالخلود الدائم، فحكمه لا يغير ولا يبدل.
قوله تعالى : ذلكم بأنه إذا دعي الله وحده كفرتم ذلكم في موضع رفع أي : الأمر ذلكم أو ذلكم العذاب الذي أنتم فيه بكفركم . وفي الكلام متروك تقديره : فأجيبوا بأن لا سبيل إلى الرد . وذلك لأنكم إذا دعي الله أي : وحد الله وحده كفرتم وأنكرتم أن تكون الألوهية له خاصة ، وإن أشرك به مشرك صدقتموه وآمنتم بقوله . قال الثعلبي : وسمعت بعض العلماء يقول : وإن يشرك به بعد الرد إلى الدنيا لو كان به تؤمنوا تصدقوا المشرك ، نظيره : " ولو ردوا لعادوا لما نهوا عنه " . فالحكم لله العلي الكبير عن أن تكون له صاحبة أو ولد .
God has showered His mercy in the form of guidance. But, people in general have not accepted it. As a result in the Hereafter, the rejecters of guidance will be completely deprived of God’s grace. In the world, they ignored God’s grace. In the Hereafter, God’s grace will pass them by. At that time, those who deny the truth will say, ‘O God! You created us from the earth, that is, we were lifeless and you infused life into us. Afterwards, when our lifespan was over, we became lifeless for the second time. Now we have been raised again in the world of the Hereafter. In this way, you have twice given us life and twice given us death. Now, if you give us a third opportunity and send us back into the world, we will admit the Truth and live a life full of righteous deeds.’ But, this request of theirs will not be heard, because they proved that they could not recognise the Truth when it was hidden from their eyes. They were capable of recognising only so-called gods. They did not have the ability to recognise the real invisible God, and such people who are enamoured by outward appearances have no value in the eyes of God.
In verse 7, it was said: الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْ‌شَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ (Those who are bearing the Throne and those who are around it). The present count of angels who bear the Throne (arsh) is four and, on the day of Qiyamah (the Day of Judgment), they will be eight, and only Allah knows the number of angels around the ` arsh. Some Hadith narrations give the number of their rows that reaches several hundred thousand. They are called: کرّوبِی (karrubi, [ Heb. Kerubh or kerub ], plural: [ Eng. Cherubin, or Cherubim, Heb. Cherubim ]). They are angels close to Allah. In this verse, it has been said that all these angels close to Allah pray for all believers, particularly those who repent from their sins and follow the Shari'ah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Either Allah Ta’ ala has appointed them to perform this task, or their nature is such that they keep praying for the good servants of Allah. Therefore, Sayyidna Mutarrif Ibn ` Abdullah Ibn Shikhkhir said that out of all servants of Allah, the angels of Allah are the foremost among those who wish well for believers. Firstly, they pray for them. They implore Allah to forgive them, to save them from the punishment of Jahannam and to admit them to the everlasting gardens of Jannah. Along with it, they also pray for: وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّ‌يَّاتِهِمْ those as well who did good from among their fathers and wives and children. - 40:8), that is, also admit anyone from among their fathers and forefathers, and their wives, and their children - who meet the criterion of goodness that makes them deserving of forgiveness, a criterion that requires that they should have departed from the mortal world while adhering to their 'iman or faith - yes, admit them too with the same believers into the Jannah. This tells us that one's 'iman or faith is the basic condition of salvation (najah). After 'iman come other good deeds. The relatives of Muslim believers - fathers, grandfathers or wives and children - even if they are ranked lower than them, such is the munificence of Allah Ta’ ala that He would, in deference to them, also let the relatives of a lesser rank be along with them in Jannah, so that their happiness becomes total and complete as it has been said in another verse of the Qur'an appearing elsewhere:... (We will join their children with them - At-Tur, 52:21). Said Ibn Jubayr has said, 'When a believer goes to Jannah, he will ask about his father, son, brother and others, and would want to know where they are. He will be told that their deeds were not like yours (therefore, they will not be there). He will say, 'whatever good I did (was not for me alone), in fact, it was for me and them both.' Then, the command will come, 'admit them too into the Jannah.' (Ibn Kathir) After having reported this Hadith narration in Tafsir Mazhari, the author said, 'this 'mawquf (a Hadith mawquf or restricted tradition from a Companion who does not connect it to the Holy Prophet ﷺ) has the same authority and force as 'marfu" (a Hadith marfu` is a tradition attributed to the Holy Prophet ﷺ) and is explicit on the point that 'doing good' that is held as a pre-condition for having this privilege means 'Iman' or adhering to the true faith.
Allah will say to them: (This) i.e. the torment in the Fire and abhorrence (is (your plight) because, when Allah only was invoked) because when it was said to you: say, there is no deity except Allah, (you disbelieved) you denied, (but when some partner) some idols (was ascribed to Him ye were believing) you acknowledge the idols as Allah's partners. (But the command belongeth only to Allah) judgement between the servants belong only to Allah; He has decreed that the Fire will be the lot of those who disbelieve in Him, (the Sublime) He is more exalted than all things, (the Majestic) He is greater than all things.