Smoke, The Evident Smoke — Verse 28

So it was kadhālika is the predicate of a subject that is missing such as ‘the matter was so’ and We made these an inheritance that is to say their riches for another people namely the Children of Israel.

The Story of Musa and Fir`awn, and how the Children of Israel were saved Allah tells us, `before these idolators, We tested the people of Fir`awn, the copts of Egypt.' وَجَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ كَرِيمٌ (when there came to them a noble Messenger.) means, Musa, peace be upon him, the one to whom Allah spoke. أَنْ أَدُّواْ إِلَىَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ (Deliver to me the servants of Allah.) This is like the Ayah: فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ وَلاَ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ قَدْ جِئْنَـكَ بِـَايَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَالسَّلَـمُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى (So let the Children of Israel go with us, and torment them not; indeed, we have come with a sign from your Lord! And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance!") (20:47) إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ (Verily, I am to you a Messenger worthy of all trust.) means, `what I convey to you is trustworthy.' وَأَن لاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَى اللَّهِ (And exalt not yourselves against Allah.) means, `and do not be too arrogant to follow His signs. Accept His proof and believe in His evidence.' This is like the Ayah: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِى سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَخِرِينَ (Verily, those who scorn My worship they will surely enter Hell in humiliation!) (40:60) إِنِّى ءَاتِيكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ (Truly, I have come to you with a manifest authority.) means, with clear and obvious proof. This refers to the clear signs and definitive evidence with which Allah sent him. وَإِنِّى عُذْتُ بِرَبِّى وَرَبِّكُمْ أَن تَرْجُمُونِ (And truly, I seek refuge with my Lord and your Lord, lest you should stone me.) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and Abu Salih said, "This refers to a verbal assault, which means insults." Qatadah said, "Meaning `stoning' in the literal sense, so that the meaning is: `I seek refuge with Allah, Who created me and you, from your making any harmful words or actions reach me."' وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْمِنُواْ لِى فَاعْتَزِلُونِ (But if you believe me not, then keep away from me and leave me alone.) means, `then let us leave one another alone and live in peace until Allah judges between us.' After Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, had stayed among them for a long time, and the proof of Allah had been established against them, and that only increased them in disbelief and stubbornness, he prayed to his Lord against them, a prayer which was answered. Allah says: وَقَالَ مُوسَى رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ ءاتَيْتَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلاّهُ زِينَةً وَأَمْوَالاً فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا رَبَّنَا لِيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِكَ رَبَّنَا اطْمِسْ عَلَى أَمْوَلِهِمْ وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَلاَ يُؤْمِنُواْ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ قَالَ قَدْ أُجِيبَتْ دَّعْوَتُكُمَا فَاسْتَقِيمَا (And Musa said: "Our Lord! You have indeed bestowed on Fir`awn and his chiefs splendor and wealth in the life of this world, our Lord! That they may lead men astray from Your path. Our Lord! Destroy their wealth, and harden their hearts, so that they will not believe until they see the painful torment." Allah said: "Verily, the invocation of you both is accepted. So you both keep to the straight way.") (10:88-89) And Allah says here: فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنَّ هَـؤُلاَءِ قَوْمٌ مُّجْرِمُونَ (So he (Musa) called upon his Lord (saying): "These are indeed the people who are criminals.") Whereupon Allah commanded him to bring the Children of Israel out from among them, without the command, consent or permission of Fir`awn. Allah said: فَأَسْرِ بِعِبَادِى لَيْلاً إِنَّكُم مُّتَّبَعُونَ (Depart you with My servants by night. Surely, you will be pursued.) This is like the Ayah: وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى مُوسَى أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِى فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقاً فِى الْبَحْرِ يَبَساً لاَّ تَخَافُ دَرَكاً وَلاَ تَخْشَى And indeed We revealed to Mu0sa0 (saying): Travel by night with My servants and strike a dry path for them in the sea, fearing neither to be overtaken nor being afraid (of drowning in the sea). )20:77( وَاتْرُكِ الْبَحْرَ رَهْواً إِنَّهُمْ جُندٌ مُّغْرَقُونَ (And leave the sea as it is (quiet and divided). Verily, they are a host to be drowned.) When Musa and the Children of Israel has crossed the sea, Musa wanted to strike it with his staff so that it would go back as it had been, and it would form a barrier between then and Fir`awn and prevent him from reaching them. But Allah commanded him to leave it as it was, quiet and divided, and gave him the glad tidings that they were a host to be drowned, and that he should not fear either being overtaken by Fir`awn or drowning in the sea. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: وَاتْرُكِ الْبَحْرَ رَهْواً (And leave the sea as it is (quiet and divided).) means, leave it as it is and keep moving. Mujahid said: رَهْواً (as it is) means, a dry path, as it is. `Do not command it to go back; leave it until the last of them have entered it.' This was also the view of `Ikrimah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ibn Zayd, Ka`b Al-Ahbar, Simak bin Harb and others. كَمْ تَرَكُواْ مِن جَنَّـتٍ وَعُيُونٍ وَزُرُوعٍ (How many of gardens and springs that they left behind. And green crops) this refers to rivers and wells. وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ and goodly places, means, fine dwellings and beautiful places. Muja0hid and Sa 0d bin Jubayr said: وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ (and goodly places,) means elevated places. وَنَعْمَةٍ كَانُواْ فِيهَا فَـكِهِينَ (And comforts of life wherein they used to take delight!) means, a life which they were enjoying, where they could eat whatever they wanted and wear what they liked, with wealth and glory and power in the land. Then all of that was taken away in a single morning, they departed from this world and went to Hell, what a terrible abode! كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَـهَا قَوْماً ءَاخَرِينَ (Thus (it was)! And We made other people inherit them.) namely the Children of Israel. فَمَا بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّمَآءُ وَالاٌّرْضُ (And the heavens and the earth wept not for them, ) means, they had no righteous deeds which used to ascend through the gates of the heavens, which would weep for them when they died, and they had no places on earth where they used to worship Allah which would notice their loss. So they did not deserve to be given a respite, because of their disbelief, sin, transgression and stubbornness. Ibn Jarir recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "A man came to Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and said to him: `O Abu Al-`Abbas, Allah says, فَمَا بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّمَآءُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَا كَانُواْ مُنظَرِينَ (And the heavens and the earth wept not for them, nor were they given respite) -- do the heavens and the earth weep for anybody' He, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `Yes, there is no one who does not have a gate in the heavens through which his provision comes down and his good deeds ascend. When the believer dies, that gate is closed; it misses him and weeps for him, and the place of prayer on earth where he used to pray and remember Allah also weeps for him. But the people of Fir`awn left no trace of righteousness on the earth and they had no good deeds that ascended to Allah, so the heavens and the earth did not weep for them."' Al-`Awfi reported something similar from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. وَلَقَدْ نَجَّيْنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ - مِن فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَالِياً مِّنَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ (And indeed We saved the Children of Israel from the humiliating torment from Fir`awn; verily, he was arrogant and was of the excessive. ) Here Allah reminds them of how He saved them from their humiliation and subjugation at the hands of Fir`awn, when they were forced to do menial tasks. مِن فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَالِياً (From Fir`awn; verily, he was arrogant) means, he was proud and stubborn. This is like the Ayah: إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلاَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ (Verily, Fir`awn exalted himself in the land) (28:4). فَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ وَكَانُواْ قَوْماً عَـلِينَ (but they behaved insolently and they were people self-exalting) (23:46). He was one of the excessive and held a foolish opinion of himself. وَلَقَدِ اخْتَرْنَـهُمْ عَلَى عِلْمٍ عَلَى الْعَـلَمِينَ (And We chose them above the nations (Al-`Alamin) with knowledge,) Mujahid said, "This means that they were chosen above those among whom they lived." Qatadah said, "They were chosen above the other people of their own time, and it was said that in every period there are people who are chosen above others." This is like the Ayah: قَالَ يَمُوسَى إِنْى اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ((Allah) said: "O Musa I have chosen you above men.") (7:144), which means, above the people of his time. This is also like the Ayah: وَاصْطَفَـكِ عَلَى نِسَآءِ الْعَـلَمِينَ (and (Allah has) chosen you (Maryam) above the women of the nations (Al-`Alamin).) (3:42), i.e., Maryam was chosen above the women of her time. For Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her, is higher than her in status or is equal to her, as was Asiyah bint Muzahim, the wife of Fir`awn. And the superiority of `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, over all other women is like the superiority of Tharid over all other dishes. وَءَاتَيْنَـهُم مِّنَ الاٌّيَـتِ (And granted them signs) means clear proofs and extraordinary evidence. مَا فِيهِ بَلَؤٌاْ مُّبِينٌ (in which there was a plain trial.) means, an obvious test to show who would be guided by it.

مثل ذلك العقاب يعاقب الله مَن كذَّب وبدَّل نعمة الله كفرًا، وأورثنا تلك النعم من بعد فرعون وقومه قومًا آخرين خلفوهم من بني إسرائيل.

قال عز وجل ههنا "كذلك وأورثناها قوما آخرين" وهم بنو إسرائيل كما تقدم.

وقوله : ( كَذَلِكَ ) فى محل رفع خبر لمبتدأ محذوف ، أى : الأمر كذلك .قال الجمل ما ملخصه : " قوله : ( كَذَلِكَ ) خبر مبتدأ محذوف . أى : الأمر كذلك فالوقوف يكون على هذا اللفظ ، وتكون الجملة اعتراضية لتقرير وتوكيد ما قبلها . . . ويبتدأ بقوله : ( وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْماً آخَرِينَ ) وهو معطوف على ( كَمْ تَرَكُواْ . . ) أى : تركوا أمورا كثيرة أورثناها قوما آخرين ، وهم بنو إسرائيل " .وقال الزمخشرى : الكاف فى محل نصب ، على معنى : مثل ذلك الإِخراج أخرجناهم منها ( وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْماً آخَرِينَ ) ليسوا منهم .فعلى هذا يكون قوله ( وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا ) معطوفا على تلك الجملة الناصبة للكاف ، فلا يجوز الوقف على ( كَذَلِكَ ) حينئذ .وقال الآلوسى : والمراد بالقوم الآخرين : بنو إسرائيل ، وهم مغيرون للقبط جنسا ودينا ، ويفسر ذلك قوله - تعالى - فى سورة الشعراء : ( كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا بني إِسْرَائِيلَ ) وهو ظاهر فى أن بنى اسرائيل رجعوا إلى مصر ، بعد هلاك فرعون وملكوها .وقيل : المراد بالقوم الآخرين غير بنى اسرائيل ممن ملك مصر بعد هلاك فرعون ، لأنه لم يرد فى مشهور التواريخ أن بنى اسرائيل رجعوا إلى مصر ، ولا أنهم ملكوها قط .وما فى سورة الشعراء من باب قوله - تعالى - : ( وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِن مُّعَمَّرٍ وَلاَ يُنقَصُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ إِلاَّ فِي كِتَابٍ ) أو من باب : عندى درهم ونصفه . فليس المراد خصوص ما تركوه ، بل نوعه وما يشبهه .وقيل : المراد من إيراثها إياهم : تمكنيهم من التصرف فيها ، ولا يتوقف ذلك على رجوعهم إلى مصر ، كما كانوا فيها أولا .والذى نراه - كما سبق أن قلنا عند تفسير سورة الشعراء - أن الآية صريحة فى توريث بنى اسرائيل للجنات والعيون . . التى خلقها فرعون وقومه بعد غرقهم ، بمعنى أنهم عادوا إلى مصر بعد غرق فرعون ومن معه ، ولكن عودتهم كانت لفترة معينة ، خرجوا بعدها إلى الأرض المقدسة التى دعاهم موسى - عليه السلام - لدخولها كما جاء فى قوله - تعالى - : ( يَاقَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الأَرْضَ المُقَدَّسَةَ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلاَ تَرْتَدُّوا على أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَ . . ).

وقوله ( كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: هكذا كما وصفت لكم أيها الناس فعلنا بهؤلاء الذي ذكرتُ لكم أمرهم, الذين كذّبوا رسولنا موسى صلى الله عليه وسلم.وقوله ( وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره وأورثنا جناتهم وعيونهم وزروعهم ومقَاماتهم وما كانوا فيه من النعمة عنهم قوما آخرين بعد مهلكهم, وقيل: عُنِي بالقوم الآخرين بنو إسرائيل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة قوله ( كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ ) يعني بني إسرائيل.

( كذلك ) قال الكلبي : كذلك أفعل بمن عصاني ( وأورثناها قوما آخرين ) يعني بني إسرائيل .

كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آَخَرِينَ (28)وقوله : { كذلك } راجع لفعل { تركوا } . والتقدير : تركاً مثل ذلك الترك .والإشارة إلى مقدر دل عليه الكلام ومعنى الكاف ، وهذا التركيب تقدم الكلام عليه عند قوله : { كذلك وقد أحطنا بما لديه خُبراً } في سورة الكهف ( 91 ) .كَذَلِكَ وأورثناها قَوْماً } .عطف على { تركوا } أي تركوها وأورثناها غيرهم ، أي لفرعون الذي وُلي بعد موت منفطا وسمي صطفا منفطا وهو أحد أُمراء فرعون منفطا تزوج ابنة منفطا المسماةَ طُوسِير التي خلفت أباها منفطا على عرش مصر ، ولكونه من غير نسل فرعون وُصف هو وَجُندُه بقوم آخرين ، وليس المراد بقوله : { قوماً آخرين } قوماً من بني إسرائيل ، ألا ترى أنه أعيد الاسم الظاهر في قوله عقبه{ ولقد نجينا بني إسرائيل } [ الدخان : 30 ] ، ولم يقل ولقد نجيناهم .ووقع في آية الشعراء { فأخرجناهم من جناتتٍ وعيونٍ وكنوزٍ ومقاممٍ كريممٍ كذلك وَأورثناها بني إسرائيل } [ الشعراء : 57 59 ] والمراد هنالك أن أنواعاً مما أخرجنا منه قومَ فرعون أورثناها بني إسرائيل ، ولم يُقصد أنواعُ تلك الأشياء في خصوص أرض فرعون . ومناسبة ذلك هنالك أن القومَين أخرجا مما كانا فيه ، فسُلب أحد الفريقين ما كان له دون إعادة لأنهم هلكوا ، وأعطي الفريق الآخَر أمثال ذلك في أرض فلسطين ، ففي قوله : { وأورثناها } تشبيه بليغ وانظر آية سورة الشعراء .

[كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا } أي: هذة النعمة المذكورة { قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ }فى الآية الأخرى { كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ }

قوله تعالى : كذلك وأورثناها قوما آخرين .قال الزجاج : أي : الأمر كذلك ، فيوقف على ( كذلك ) وقيل : إن الكاف في موضع نصب ، على تقدير نفعل فعلا كذلك بمن نريد إهلاكه . وقال الكلبي : كذلك أفعل بمن عصاني . وقيل : كذلك كان أمرهم فأهلكوا . وأورثناها قوما آخرين يعني بنى إسرائيل ، ملكهم الله تعالى أرض مصر بعد أن كانوا فيها مستعبدين ، فصاروا لها وارثين ، لوصول ذلك إليهم كوصول الميراث . ونظيره : وأورثنا القوم الذين كانوا يستضعفون مشارق الأرض ومغاربها .

After prolonged effort on the part of Moses to bring Pharaoh’s people to the right path, by preaching the word of God, his assignment to issue the call for the Truth came to an end. At that time, Moses was instructed to leave Egypt and move out along with his people (the Children of Israel). Accordingly, Moses set out and journeyed until he reached the banks of the Red Sea. The waters parted for him and a path appeared for him to cross over. Pharaoh and his army were in hot pursuit of Moses and the Children of Israel. When Pharaoh saw a path being formed across the Sea, he thought that he could also cross it, just as Moses had done. But the path across the Sea was not simply a path in the ordinary sense. The waters had parted by the commandment of God and God’s commandment was for the deliverance of Moses and the destruction of Pharaoh. So, when Pharaoh and his army entered the Sea, the waters rushed upon them from either side of the path and rose to their former level. Pharaoh was drowned along with his army. One who receives the good things of life in this world often considers them as his personal possessions, though in reality, they do not rightly belong to him. God may give them to anybody whenever He wishes, then, taking them away from him, may give them to somebody else, just as He pleases.

وَأَوْرَ‌ثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آخَرِ‌ينَ And We made other people inherit all this." (44:28) In Surah Shu'ara', it is explicitly stated that 'other people' refers to the Children of Israel. It is objected that there is no historical evidence to show that the Children of Israel ever settled again in Egypt. This objection has been rebutted in Surah Shu` ara'.

(Even so (it was)) We destroyed them, (and We made it an inheritance for other folk) We made the Children of Israel inherit all that after they were destroyed;