The Kneeling, Crouching — Verse 19
45:19 · al-Jathiyah
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إِنَّهُمۡ لَن یُغۡنُوا۟ عَنكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَیۡءࣰاۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِیَاۤءُ بَعۡضࣲۖ وَٱللَّهُ وَلِیُّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِینَ ١٩
innahum lan yugh'nū ʿanka mina l-lahi shayan wa-inna l-ẓālimīna baʿḍuhum awliyāu baʿḍin wal-lahu waliyyu l-mutaqīn
The Kneeling, Crouching / al-Jathiyah (45:19)
Connections 2 multi-source 2 single-source 5 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
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Q 3:110 (al-Imran)
cited by
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Q 45:18 (al-Jathiyah)
cited by
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Al-Qushairi Tafsir 2 verses 4 mentions total
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Kashani Tafsir 2 verses 4 mentions total
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Kashf Al-Asrar Tafsir 2 verses
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
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Tazkirul Quran 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
they cannot help you against God in any way. Wrongdoers only have each other to protect them; the righteous have God Himself as their protector
innahum lan yugh'nū ʿanka mina l-lahi shayan wa-inna l-ẓālimīna baʿḍuhum awliyāu baʿḍin wal-lahu waliyyu l-mutaqīn
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Tafsir Commentary
Assuredly they will not avail they will not protect you in any way against God against His chastisement. And assuredly the wrongdoers the disbelievers are allies of one another; but God is the ally only of the God-fearing.
Surely they will not make thee unneedy of God in anything. “If God desires a blessing for you, no one will prevent it, and if He desires a trial for you, no one will turn it away. So do not attach your reflection to any created thing and do not turn the attentive- ness of your mind to anything. Depend on your Lord and trust in Him.” “O paragon of the world, O master of Adam's children, O sun of felicity's sphere, O moon of mastery's heaven, O lodging of the world of knowledge, O pearl of the oyster of eminence, O embroidery on the garment of existence! We separated you out from the world's folk, we orphaned you from father and mother, and We brought out your family and relatives against you so that your heart would be free of all and be totally detached for obeying and serving Me. From the wide roads We made for you the road of the religion, and you call the world's folk to that road: Say: 'This is my path; I invite to God' [12:108]. “O paragon! On the night of the miʿrāj, We sat you down in the dome of proximity and scattered a hundred thousand gentle gifts on the head of your good fortune. We made the two worlds the dust beneath your feet and brought the celestial figures and the terrestrial center under the banner of your rulership. What We intended was to give you expansiveness on the carpet of intercession. As long as there is the story of the pain of the disobedient, you should lift it up to Us and apologize for it on their behalf: Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes [2:286]. O MuḤammad! If tomorrow you ask Us for the two worlds and the world's folk, you will have asked only for the dust beneath your feet. And if We, through eternal gentleness, use the dust of those feet in the work of one of your servants, that is not far-fetched for Our perfection.” The collyrium of insight had been daubed on the eyes of the prophethood of that greatest of the prophets. He knew that dust should be a carrier of burdens, not headstrong, because dust is for carrying burdens, not for being headstrong. Do you not see how the Exalted Lord threatens and warns those who were headstrong and refractory:
Surely they will not make thee unneedy of God in anything. “If God desires a blessing for you, no one will prevent it, and if He desires a trial for you, no one will turn it away. So do not attach your reflection to any created thing and do not turn the attentive- ness of your mind to anything. Depend on your Lord and trust in Him.” “O paragon of the world, O master of Adam's children, O sun of felicity's sphere, O moon of mastery's heaven, O lodging of the world of knowledge, O pearl of the oyster of eminence, O embroidery on the garment of existence! We separated you out from the world's folk, we orphaned you from father and mother, and We brought out your family and relatives against you so that your heart would be free of all and be totally detached for obeying and serving Me. From the wide roads We made for you the road of the religion, and you call the world's folk to that road: Say: 'This is my path; I invite to God' [12:108]. “O paragon! On the night of the miʿrāj, We sat you down in the dome of proximity and scattered a hundred thousand gentle gifts on the head of your good fortune. We made the two worlds the dust beneath your feet and brought the celestial figures and the terrestrial center under the banner of your rulership. What We intended was to give you expansiveness on the carpet of intercession. As long as there is the story of the pain of the disobedient, you should lift it up to Us and apologize for it on their behalf: Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes [2:286]. O MuḤammad! If tomorrow you ask Us for the two worlds and the world's folk, you will have asked only for the dust beneath your feet. And if We, through eternal gentleness, use the dust of those feet in the work of one of your servants, that is not far-fetched for Our perfection.” The collyrium of insight had been daubed on the eyes of the prophethood of that greatest of the prophets. He knew that dust should be a carrier of burdens, not headstrong, because dust is for carrying burdens, not for being headstrong. Do you not see how the Exalted Lord threatens and warns those who were headstrong and refractory:
Surely they will not make thee unneedy of God in anything. “If God desires a blessing for you, no one will prevent it, and if He desires a trial for you, no one will turn it away. So do not attach your reflection to any created thing and do not turn the attentive- ness of your mind to anything. Depend on your Lord and trust in Him.” “O paragon of the world, O master of Adam's children, O sun of felicity's sphere, O moon of mastery's heaven, O lodging of the world of knowledge, O pearl of the oyster of eminence, O embroidery on the garment of existence! We separated you out from the world's folk, we orphaned you from father and mother, and We brought out your family and relatives against you so that your heart would be free of all and be totally detached for obeying and serving Me. From the wide roads We made for you the road of the religion, and you call the world's folk to that road: Say: 'This is my path; I invite to God' [12:108]. “O paragon! On the night of the miʿrāj, We sat you down in the dome of proximity and scattered a hundred thousand gentle gifts on the head of your good fortune. We made the two worlds the dust beneath your feet and brought the celestial figures and the terrestrial center under the banner of your rulership. What We intended was to give you expansiveness on the carpet of intercession. As long as there is the story of the pain of the disobedient, you should lift it up to Us and apologize for it on their behalf: Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes [2:286]. O MuḤammad! If tomorrow you ask Us for the two worlds and the world's folk, you will have asked only for the dust beneath your feet. And if We, through eternal gentleness, use the dust of those feet in the work of one of your servants, that is not far-fetched for Our perfection.” The collyrium of insight had been daubed on the eyes of the prophethood of that greatest of the prophets. He knew that dust should be a carrier of burdens, not headstrong, because dust is for carrying burdens, not for being headstrong. Do you not see how the Exalted Lord threatens and warns those who were headstrong and refractory:
Surely they will not make thee unneedy of God in anything. “If God desires a blessing for you, no one will prevent it, and if He desires a trial for you, no one will turn it away. So do not attach your reflection to any created thing and do not turn the attentive- ness of your mind to anything. Depend on your Lord and trust in Him.” “O paragon of the world, O master of Adam's children, O sun of felicity's sphere, O moon of mastery's heaven, O lodging of the world of knowledge, O pearl of the oyster of eminence, O embroidery on the garment of existence! We separated you out from the world's folk, we orphaned you from father and mother, and We brought out your family and relatives against you so that your heart would be free of all and be totally detached for obeying and serving Me. From the wide roads We made for you the road of the religion, and you call the world's folk to that road: Say: 'This is my path; I invite to God' [12:108]. “O paragon! On the night of the miʿrāj, We sat you down in the dome of proximity and scattered a hundred thousand gentle gifts on the head of your good fortune. We made the two worlds the dust beneath your feet and brought the celestial figures and the terrestrial center under the banner of your rulership. What We intended was to give you expansiveness on the carpet of intercession. As long as there is the story of the pain of the disobedient, you should lift it up to Us and apologize for it on their behalf: Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes [2:286]. O MuḤammad! If tomorrow you ask Us for the two worlds and the world's folk, you will have asked only for the dust beneath your feet. And if We, through eternal gentleness, use the dust of those feet in the work of one of your servants, that is not far-fetched for Our perfection.” The collyrium of insight had been daubed on the eyes of the prophethood of that greatest of the prophets. He knew that dust should be a carrier of burdens, not headstrong, because dust is for carrying burdens, not for being headstrong. Do you not see how the Exalted Lord threatens and warns those who were headstrong and refractory:
Surely they will not make thee unneedy of God in anything.�If God desires a blessing for you, no one will prevent it, and if He desires a trial for you, no one will turn it away. So do not attach your reflection to any created thing and do not turn the attentive- ness of your mind to anything. Depend on your Lord and trust in Him.��O paragon of the world, O master of Adam's children, O sun of felicity's sphere, O moon of mastery's heaven, O lodging of the world of knowledge, O pearl of the oyster of eminence, O embroidery on the garment of existence! We separated you out from the world's folk, we orphaned you from father and mother, and We brought out your family and relatives against you so that your heart would be free of all and be totally detached for obeying and serving Me. From the wide roads We made for you the road of the religion, and you call the world's folk to that road: Say: 'This is my path; I invite to God' [12:108].�O paragon! On the night of the miʿrāj, We sat you down in the dome of proximity and scattered a hundred thousand gentle gifts on the head of your good fortune. We made the two worlds the dust beneath your feet and brought the celestial figures and the terrestrial center under the banner of your rulership. What We intended was to give you expansiveness on the carpet of intercession. As long as there is the story of the pain of the disobedient, you should lift it up to Us and apologize for it on their behalf: Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes [2:286]. O MuḤammad! If tomorrow you ask Us for the two worlds and the world's folk, you will have asked only for the dust beneath your feet. And if We, through eternal gentleness, use the dust of those feet in the work of one of your servants, that is not far-fetched for Our perfection.�The collyrium of insight had been daubed on the eyes of the prophethood of that greatest of the prophets. He knew that dust should be a carrier of burdens, not headstrong, because dust is for carrying burdens, not for being headstrong. Do you not see how the Exalted Lord threatens and warns those who were headstrong and refractory:
Preference of Allah to the Children of Israel and their dispute thereafter
Allah the Exalted mentions the favors He granted the Children of Israel, such as revealing the Divine Books to them, sending the Messengers to them and granting them kingship. Allah said,
وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقْنَـهُمْ مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ
(And indeed We gave the Children of Israel the Scripture, and the understanding of the Scripture and its laws, and the prophethood; and provided them with good things,) such as foods and drinks,
وَفَضَّلْنَـهُمْ عَلَى الْعَـلَمينَ
(and preferred them above the nations.) of their time,
وَءاتَيْنَـهُم بَيِّنَـتٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ
(And gave them clear proofs in matters.) `We gave them evidences, proofs and unequivocal signs.' Therefore, the proof has been established against them, yet they differed among themselves after the proof came to them, out of transgression against each other,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ
(Verily, your Lord) `O Muhammad',
يَقْضِى بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
(will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection about that wherein they used to differ. ) He will judge between them by His just judgement.
Warning to this Ummah against following the Ways of the Children of Israel
This Ayah contains a warning to the Muslim Ummah as well. It warns them not to take the path the Jews took nor adopt their ways. This is why Allah said,
ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـكَ عَلَى شَرِيعَةٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ فَاتَّبِعْهَا
(Then We have put you on a (legal) way of commandment. So follow you that.) `follow what was revealed to you from your Lord, O Muhammad, there is no true deity except Him, and turn away from the idolators.' Allah said,
وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَآءَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَإِنَّهُمْ لَن يُغْنُواْ عَنكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً وَإِنَّ الظَّـلِمِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ
(and follow not the desires of those who know not. Verily, they can avail you nothing against Allah. Verily, the wrongdoers are protecting friends of one another,) Allah says, `what will the loyalty that the idolators give each other avail them' Indeed, all they will earn from their protecting friends is more loss, destruction and demise,
وَاللَّهُ وَلِىُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ
(but Allah is the Protector of those who have Taqwa.) and He will deliver them from the darkness to the light. In contrast, all the false deities are the protecting friends of those who disbelieve, taking them out of the light to the darkness. Allah said,
هَـذَا بَصَـئِرُ لِلنَّاسِ
(This is a clear insight and evidence for man- kind,) in reference to the Qur'an,
وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
(and a guidance and a mercy for people who have faith with certainty.)
إن هؤلاء المشركين بربهم الذين يدعونك إلى اتباع أهوائهم لن يغنوا عنك -أيها الرسول- من عقاب الله شيئًا إن اتبعت أهواءهم، وإن الظالمين المتجاوزين حدود الله من المنافقين واليهود وغيرهم بعضهم أنصار بعض على المؤمنين بالله وأهل طاعته، والله ناصر المتقين ربَّهم بأداء فرائضه واجتناب نواهيه.
وقال جل جلاله ههنا إنهم لن يغنوا عنك من الله شيئا وإن الظالمين بعضهم أولياء بعض أي وماذا تغني عنهم ولايتهم لبعضهم بعضا فإنهم لا يزيدونهم إلا خسارا ودمارا وهلاكا والله ولي المتقين وهو تعالى يخرجهم من الظلمات إلى النور والذين كفروا أولياؤهم الطاغوت يخرجونهم من النور إلى الظلمات.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( إِنَّهُمْ لَن يُغْنُواْ عَنكَ مِنَ الله شَيْئاً ) تعليل للنهى عن اتباع أهوائهم .أى : إنك - أيها الرسول الكريم - إن اتبعت أهواء هؤلاء الضالين ، صرت مستحقا لمؤاخذتنا ، ولن يستطيع هؤلاء أو غيرهم ، أن يدفع عنك شيئا مما أراده الله - تعالى - بك .( وَإِنَّ الظالمين بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ ) أى : بعضهم نصراء بعض فى الدنيا ، أما فى الآخرة فولايتهم تنقلب إلى عداوة .( والله ) - تعالى - هو ( وَلِيُّ المتقين ) الذين أنت إمامهم وقدرتهم ، فاثبت على شريعتنا التى أوحيناها إليك ، لتنال ما أنت أهله من رضانا وعطائنا .
وقوله ( إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يُغْنُوا عَنْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: إن هؤلاء الجاهلين بربهم, الذين يدعونك يا محمد إلى اتباع أهوائهم, لن يغنوا عنك إن أنت اتبعت أهواءهم, وخالفت شريعة ربك التي شرعها لك من عقاب الله شيئا, فيدفعوه عنك إن هو عاقبك, وينقذوك منه.وقوله ( وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ) يقول: وإن الظالمين بعضهم أنصار بعض, وأعوانهم على الإيمان بالله وأهل طاعته ( وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: والله يلي من اتقاه بأداء فرائضه, واجتناب معاصيه بكفايته, ودفاع من أراده بسوء, يقول جلّ ثناؤه لنبيه عليه الصلاة والسلام فكن من المتقين, يكفك الله ما بغاك وكادك به هؤلاء المشركون, فإنه وليّ من اتقاه, ولا يعظم عليك خلاف من خالف أمره وإن كثر عددهم, لأنهم لن يضرّوك ما كان الله وليك وناصرك.
( إنهم لن يغنوا عنك من الله شيئا ) [ لن يدفعوا عنك من عذاب الله شيئا ] إن اتبعت أهواءهم ( وإن الظالمين بعضهم أولياء بعض والله ولي المتقين ) .
. إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يُغْنُوا عَنْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ (19)وجملة { إنهم لن يغنوا عنك من الله شيئاً } تعليل للنهي عن اتباع أهواء الذين لا يعلمون ، ويتضمن تعليلَ الأمر باتباع شريعة الله فإن كونهم لا يغنون عنه من الله شيئاً يستلزم أن في مخالفة ما أمر الله من اتباع شريعته ما يوقع في غضب الله وعقابه فلا يغني عنه اتباع أهوائهم من عقابه .والإغناء : جعل الغير غنياً ، أي غير محتاج ، فالآثم المهدد من قدير غير غنيّ عن الذي يعاقبه ولو حماه من هو كفء لمهدده أو أقدر منه لأغناه عنه وضُمّن فعل الإغناء معنى الدفع فعدّي ب ( عن ) . وانتصب { شيئاً } على المفعول المطلق ، و { من الله } صفة ل { شيئاً } و { مِن } بمعنى بَدل ، أي لن يُغنُوا عنك بدلاً من عذاب الله ، أي قليلاً من الإغناء البديل من عقاب الله فالكلام على حذف مضاف ، وتقدم عند قوله تعالى : { إن الذين كفروا لن تُغني عنهم أموالهم ولا أولادهم من الله شيئاً } في آل عمران ( 10 ) .وعُطف على هذا التعليل تعليل آخر وهو { وإن الظالمين بعضهم أولياء بعض } أي إنهم ظالمون وأنت لست من الظالمين في شيء فلا يجوز أن تتبعهم في شيء وإنما يتبعهم من هم أولياؤهم . وذُيل ذلك بقوله : { والله ولي المتقين } وهو يفيد أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الله وليُّه لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أول المتقين .
{ إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يُغْنُوا عَنْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا } أي: لا ينفعونك عند الله فيحصلوا لك الخير ويدفعوا عنك الشر إن اتبعتهم على أهوائهم، ولا تصلح أن توافقهم وتواليهم فإنك وإياهم متباينون، وبعضهم ولي لبعض { واللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ } يخرجهم من الظلمات إلى النور بسبب تقواهم وعملهم بطاعته.
قوله تعالى : إنهم لن يغنوا عنك من الله شيئا وإن الظالمين بعضهم أولياء بعض والله ولي المتقين .قوله تعالى : إنهم لن يغنوا عنك من الله شيئا أي إن اتبعت أهواءهم لا يدفعون عنك من عذاب الله شيئا . وإن الظالمين بعضهم أولياء بعض أي أصدقاء وأنصار وأحباب . قال ابن عباس : يريد أن المنافقين أولياء اليهود . والله ولي المتقين أي ناصرهم ومعينهم . والمتقون هنا : الذين اتقوا الشرك والمعاصي .
According to verse 16, God exalted the Children of Israel over the peoples of the world. This parallels what was said of the people (ummah) of the Prophet Muhammad, i.e. ‘You are the best ummah (nation)’ (
3:110
). To make a group the bearer of the Book of God is in fact making it responsible for guidance to other nations’ and it is in this sense that the community that bears the Book is superior to all nations. In principle, the Children of Israel were commanded to convey the message to the whole world, as is now the case with the Muslims. But the Children of Israel, by introducing deviations into their Book, lost this status forever. There is always uniformity in the authentic teachings of religion. But additions to them by scholars create differences and undue complexities. Then every scholar makes additions according to his taste. Thereafter every scholar and his followers set about proving their additions to be correct and others’ additions to be incorrect. In this way, religious sects start forming and finally a stage is reached when one religion becomes divided into several religions. When the Children of Israel distorted their revealed religion, God thereupon revealed the Quran through the Prophet Muhammad. Since no other prophet was to appear after him, God caused the Quran to be preserved and kept safe by special arrangements, so that it should never again happen that the religion of God be lost in the labyrinth of human additions.
The Status of Previous Shari'ahs for Muslims
ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكَ عَلَىٰ شَرِيعَةٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْرِ "Then We have put you on a certain way of the Matter (i.e. the religion)... 45:18". Here it may be borne in mind that the religion of Islam has certain fundamental articles of faith, such as the Oneness of Allah, the Hereafter and so on; and there are ordinances, laws and injunctions related to practical life. As far as the fundamental articles of faith are concerned, they are immutable and were imparted to every Prophet (علیہ السلام) and his Ummah since the inception of man. However, laws relating to practical life were different for different Prophets (علیہم السلام) and their people. The sacred laws of previous Shari'ahs kept changing according to the needs of time and exigencies of circumstances. In the verse under comment, the second type of practical laws has been described as "...a certain way of the Matter (i.e. the religion)...". The jurists, on the basis of this verse, have ruled that the Ummah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ must, of necessity, follow the sacred laws of the Shari'ah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . As far as the sacred laws of the previous Shari` ah are concerned, this Ummah is not legally bound to them unless the Qur'an and Sunnah support or confirm them. Support or confirmation may take one of two forms, as follows: (1) the Qur'an and Sunnah may explicitly say that a certain law of a certain Prophet (علیہ السلام) must be followed by this Ummah; or (2) the Qur'an and Sunnah may speak highly and favourably about a certain law of a previous Ummah without hinting that it is abrogated for this Ummah. This indicates that the law is applicable in the Shari` ah of this Ummah also. In that case, the previous law becomes part of this Shari'ah, and as such this Ummah is legally bound to follow it. This much is sufficient for us to understand the status of the previous Shari` ahs. Details are available in the books of the Islamic jurisprudence.
(Lo! they can avail you naught against Allah) against Allah's punishment if you follow their whims. (And lo! as for the wrong-doers) the disbelievers, (some of them are friends of others) some of them follow the religion of others; (and Allah is the Friend of those who ward off (evil)) disbelief, idolatry and indecencies.
Assuredly they will not avail you in any way against God�Whoever becomes wealthy without recourse to God will become needy through his wealth; and whoever gains honour without recourse to Him will be humiliated through his honour. Take note of how God says: Assuredly they will not avail you in any way against God�His words, Exalted is He: