The Moon — Verse 44
54:44 · al-Qamar
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أَمۡ یَقُولُونَ نَحۡنُ جَمِیعࣱ مُّنتَصِرࣱ ٤٤
am yaqūlūna naḥnu jamīʿun muntaṣiru
The Moon / al-Qamar (54:44)
Do they perhaps say, ‘We are a great army and we shall be victorious’
am yaqūlūna naḥnu jamīʿun muntaṣiru
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Tafsir Commentary
Or do they the disbelievers of Quraysh say ‘We are a host that will be helped to victory’? against Muhammad (s)? When Abū Jahl on the day of Badr said ‘We are a host that will be helped to victory’ the following was revealed
بل أيقول كفار "مكة": نحن أولو حزم ورأي وأمرنا مجتمع، فنحن جماعة منتصرة لا يغلبنا من أرادنا بسوء؟
أي يعتقدون أنهم يتناصرون بعضهم بعضا وأن جمعهم يغني عنهم من أرادهم بسوء.
ثم انتقل - سبحانه - إلى توبيخهم على شىء آخر من أقوالهم الباطلة فقال : ( أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُّنتَصِرٌ ) . أى : بل أيقولون نحن جميع يد واحدة ، وسننتصر على من خالفنا وعادانا؟ ولقد توهموا ذلك فعلا ، وجاهروا به .
وقوله ( أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُنْتَصِرٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: أيقول هؤلاء الكفار من قريش: نحن جميع منتصر ممن قصدنا بسوء ومكروه, وأراد حربنا وتفريق جمعنا, فقال الله جلّ ثناؤه: سيهزم الجمع يعني جمع كفار قريش ( وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ ) يقول: ويولون أدبارهم المؤمنين بالله عن انهزامهم عنه. وقيل: الدبر فوحد والمراد به الجمع كما يقال ضربنا منهم الرأس: أي ضربنا منهم الرءوس: إذ كان الواحد يؤدي عن معنى جمعه, ثم إن الله تعالى ذكره صدّق وعده المؤمنين به فهزم المشركين به من قريش يوم بدر وولوهم الدُّبر.
( أم يقولون ) يعني : كفار مكة ( نحن جميع منتصر ) قال الكلبي : نحن جميع أمرنا [ منتصر ] من أعدائنا المعنى : نحن يد واحدة على من خالفنا منتصر ممن عادانا ، ولم يقل منتصرون لموافقة رءوس الآي .
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُنْتَصِرٌ (44({ أم } منقطعة لإِضراب انتقالي . والاستفهام المقدر بعد ( أم ( مستعمل في التوبيخ ، فإن كانوا قد صرحوا بذلك فظاهر ، وإن كانوا لم يصرحوا به فهو إنباء بأنهم سيقولونه .
فأخبر تعالى أنهم يقولون: { نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُنْتَصِرٌ }
أم يقولون نحن جميع منتصر أي جماعة لا تطاق لكثرة عددهم وقوتهم ، ولم يقل [ ص: 133 ] منتصرين اتباعا لرءوس الآي ; فرد الله عليهم فقال :
For those who refused to accept the Prophet Muhammad, there was a lesson in the fatal incidents which befell those who rejected the earlier prophets. But they did not learn from this. This has been true of all the peoples. In spite of clear signs, every community has considered itself safe from God’s ire and therefore exempt from religious obligations. Every community has indulged in the same arrogant behaviour as the previous communities, as a result of which they have had to suffer God’s retribution.
Lexicological analysis
The word زُبُر zubur (in verse 43) is the plural of zabur, which stands for any written book. It specifically refers to the Scripture that was revealed to Prophet Dawud (علیہ السلام) .
أَدْهَىٰ وَأَمَرُّ (...more calamitous and more bitter...54:46). The word adha means more or most calamitous. The word amarr is derived from murr which originally means 'bitter'. By extension anything 'difficult' or 'painful' is also referred to as amarr and murr. In the phrase فِي ضَلَالٍ وَسُعُرٍ fi dalalin wa su'ur, dalal, as is known, means 'error' or 'deviation' and the word su'ur in the present context means the 'Hell-Fire1.' In the phrase ashya'akum, (verse 51) ashya` is the plural of shi'ah, and it means a 'follower', that is, those who follow their pattern of life.
(1). This is according to one interpretation. The other meaning of the word is 'madness' and the translation in the text is based on this meaning. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani
In the phrase مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ maq` adi-sidqin, the word maq'ad means 'seat' and the word sidq means 'truth' and implies the 'seat of truth' where there will be no idle and obscene talks.
(Or say they) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca: (We are a host victorious) and immune from punishment?
The Story of Fir`awn and His People
Allah the Exalted narrates to us the story of Fir`awn and his people. A Messenger came to them from Allah, Musa supported by his brother Harun. Their Messengers delivered good news if they believe, and a warning if they rejected the Message. Allah supported Musa and Harun with tremendous miracles and great signs, but Fir`awn and his people rejected all of them. Allah took them the way the All-Mighty, the All-Capable would; He destroyed them all leaving none surviving to tell the story of what happened to them. Advising and Threatening the Quraysh Allah said,
أَكُفَّـرُكُمْ
(Are your disbelievers) meaning, `O idolators of the Quraysh,'
خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أُوْلَـئِكُمْ
(better than these) meaning better than the nations that were mentioned here, who were destroyed on account of their disbelief in the Messengers and rejecting the Scriptures. `Are you better than these'
أَمْ لَكُم بَرَآءَةٌ فِى الزُّبُرِ
(Or have you immunity in the Divine Scriptures), `do you have immunity from Allah that the torment and punishment will not touch you' Allah said about the Quraysh,
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُّنتَصِرٌ
(Or say they: "We are a great multitude, victorious") stating that they believed they will support each other and their great gathering will avail them against those who intend to harm them. Allah the Exalted responded,
سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ
(Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs.) affirming that their gathering shall scatter, and they shall be defeated. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Prophet , while in a dome-shaped tent on the day of the battle of Badr, said,
«أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللْهُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تُعْبَدْ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَبَدًا»
(O Allah! I ask you for the fulfillment of Your covenant and promise. O Allah! If You wish (to destroy the believers), You will never be worshipped on the earth after today.) Abu Bakr caught him by the hand and said, `This is sufficient, O Allah's Messenger! You have sufficiently asked and petitioned Allah.' The Prophet was clad in his armor at that time and went out, saying,
سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ - بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ
(Their multitude will be put to flight and they will show their backs. Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.)" Al-Bukhari also recorded that Yusuf bin Mahak said, "I was with the Mother of the faithful, `A'ishah, when she said, `When I was still a young playful girl in Makkah, this Ayah was revealed to Muhammad ﷺ,
بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ
(Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.)" This is the abridged narration that Al-Bukhari collected, but he also collected a longer narration of it in the Book of the Virtues of the Qur'an. Muslim did not collect this Hadith.
إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِى ضَلَـلٍ وَسُعُرٍ - يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ