Cattle, Livestock — Verse 42

The Idolators Call On Allah Alone During Torment and Distress Allah states that He does what He wills with His creatures and none can resist His decision or avert what He decrees for them. He is the One Who has no partners, Who accepts the supplication from whomever He wills. Allah said, قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُكُم إِنْ أَتَـكُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَتَتْكُمْ السَّاعَةُ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ تَدْعُونَ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ (Say: "Tell me if Allah's torment comes upon you, or the Hour comes upon you, would you then call upon any one other than Allah (Reply) if you are truthful!") This means, you -- disbelievers -- will not call other than Allah in this case, because you know that none except He is able to remove the affliction. Allah said, إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ (if you are truthful) by taking gods besides Him. بَلْ إِيَّـهُ تَدْعُونَ فَيَكْشِفُ مَا تَدْعُونَ إِلَيْهِ إِنْ شَآءَ وَتَنسَوْنَ مَا تُشْرِكُونَ (Nay! To Him alone you call, and, if He willed, He would remove that (distress) for which you call upon Him, and you forget at that time whatever partners you joined with Him (in worship)!) for in times of necessity, you only call on Allah and forget your idols and false deities. In another Ayah, Allah said; وَإِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الْضُّرُّ فِى الْبَحْرِ ضَلَّ مَن تَدْعُونَ إِلاَ إِيَّاهُ (And when harm touches you upon the sea, those that you call upon besides Him vanish from you except Him (Allah)) 17:67. Allah said; وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلنَآ إِلَى أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَأَخَذْنَـهُمْ بِالْبَأْسَآءِ (Verily, We sent (Messengers) to many nations before you. And We seized them with extreme poverty...) That is, loss of wealth and diminished provisions, وَالضَّرَّآءِ (and loss of health) various illnesses, diseases and pain, لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ (so that they might believe with humility) and call Allah and supplicate to Him with humbleness and humility. Allah said; فَلَوْلا إِذْ جَآءَهُمْ بَأْسُنَا تَضَرَّعُواْ (When Our torment reached them, why then did they not believe with humility) Meaning: Why do they not believe and humble themselves before Us when We test them with disaster' وَلَـكِن قَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ (But their hearts became hardened,) for their hearts are not soft or humble, وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ مَا كَانُواّ يَعْمَلُونَ (and Shaytan made fair-seeming to them that which they used to do. ) That is, Shirk, defiance and rebellion. فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِ (So, when they forgot (the warning) with which they had been reminded,) by ignoring and turning away from it, فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَبْوَابَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ (We opened to them the gates of everything,) Meaning: `We opened the gates of provisions for them from wherever they wished, so that We deceive them.' We seek refuge with Allah from such an end. This is why Allah said, حَتَّى إِذَا فَرِحُواْ بِمَآ أُوتُواْ f(until in the midst of their enjoyment in that which they were given,) such as wealth, children and provisions, أَخَذْنَـهُمْ بَغْتَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ مُّبْلِسُونَ (all of a sudden, We took them to punishment and lo! They were plunged into destruction with deep regrets and sorrows.) They have no hope for any type of good thing. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Whomever Allah gives provision and he thinks that Allah is not testing him, has no wisdom. Whomever has little provision and thinks that Allah will not look at (provide for) him, has no wisdom." He then recited the Ayah, فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِ فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَبْوَابَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَتَّى إِذَا فَرِحُواْ بِمَآ أُوتُواْ أَخَذْنَـهُمْ بَغْتَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ مُّبْلِسُونَ (So, when they forgot (the warning) with which they had been reminded, We opened to them the gates of every (pleasant) thing, until in the midst of their enjoyment in that which they were given, all of a sudden, We took them to punishment, and lo! They were plunged into destruction with deep regrets and sorrows.) He added, "By the Lord of the Ka`bah! Allah deceived these people, when He gave them what they wished, and then they were punished." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this statement.

Indeed We sent to communities before you min qablika min is extra messengers but they denied them and We seized them with misery abject poverty and hardship illness so that they might be humble abased that they might believe.

Indeed We sent to nations before thee, and We seized them with misery and hardship that perhaps they would plead. Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “'We seized from them all the paths so that they would return to Us.'9 I shut down all the roads to them so that they would turn away totally from the realm of being and busy them- selves with My companionship, putting love for Me in their hearts.” Conforming with this is the story of Majnūn. He was seen circumambulating the Kaabah, out of touch with himself and agitated. The sea of passion was sending up waves in his breast, and his hands were raised in prayer: “'O God, increase me in love for Laylā!' Lord God, increase the passion for Laylā in my heart and multiply the trial of her love a thousand times!” His father, who was the prince of the time, said, “O Majnūn! Many antagonists have risen up against you. Go away for a few days, and perhaps they will forget about you, and this madness for Laylā will become less.” Majnūn went and on the third day came back. He said, “Father, excuse me. Passion for Laylā has closed all the roads to me, and I can only take the road to Laylā's street.” Each has a prayer-niche in some direction, but SanāÌī's prayer-niche is Your street. [DS 1004]

Indeed We sent to nations before thee, and We seized them with misery and hardship that perhaps they would plead. Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “'We seized from them all the paths so that they would return to Us.'9 I shut down all the roads to them so that they would turn away totally from the realm of being and busy them- selves with My companionship, putting love for Me in their hearts.” Conforming with this is the story of Majnūn. He was seen circumambulating the Kaabah, out of touch with himself and agitated. The sea of passion was sending up waves in his breast, and his hands were raised in prayer: “'O God, increase me in love for Laylā!' Lord God, increase the passion for Laylā in my heart and multiply the trial of her love a thousand times!” His father, who was the prince of the time, said, “O Majnūn! Many antagonists have risen up against you. Go away for a few days, and perhaps they will forget about you, and this madness for Laylā will become less.” Majnūn went and on the third day came back. He said, “Father, excuse me. Passion for Laylā has closed all the roads to me, and I can only take the road to Laylā's street.” Each has a prayer-niche in some direction, but SanāÌī's prayer-niche is Your street. [DS 1004]

Indeed We sent to nations before thee, and We seized them with misery and hardship that perhaps they would plead. Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “'We seized from them all the paths so that they would return to Us.'9 I shut down all the roads to them so that they would turn away totally from the realm of being and busy them- selves with My companionship, putting love for Me in their hearts.” Conforming with this is the story of Majnūn. He was seen circumambulating the Kaabah, out of touch with himself and agitated. The sea of passion was sending up waves in his breast, and his hands were raised in prayer: “'O God, increase me in love for Laylā!' Lord God, increase the passion for Laylā in my heart and multiply the trial of her love a thousand times!” His father, who was the prince of the time, said, “O Majnūn! Many antagonists have risen up against you. Go away for a few days, and perhaps they will forget about you, and this madness for Laylā will become less.” Majnūn went and on the third day came back. He said, “Father, excuse me. Passion for Laylā has closed all the roads to me, and I can only take the road to Laylā's street.” Each has a prayer-niche in some direction, but SanāÌī's prayer-niche is Your street. [DS 1004]

Indeed We sent to nations before thee, and We seized them with misery and hardship that perhaps they would plead. Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, “'We seized from them all the paths so that they would return to Us.'9 I shut down all the roads to them so that they would turn away totally from the realm of being and busy them- selves with My companionship, putting love for Me in their hearts.” Conforming with this is the story of Majnūn. He was seen circumambulating the Kaabah, out of touch with himself and agitated. The sea of passion was sending up waves in his breast, and his hands were raised in prayer: “'O God, increase me in love for Laylā!' Lord God, increase the passion for Laylā in my heart and multiply the trial of her love a thousand times!” His father, who was the prince of the time, said, “O Majnūn! Many antagonists have risen up against you. Go away for a few days, and perhaps they will forget about you, and this madness for Laylā will become less.” Majnūn went and on the third day came back. He said, “Father, excuse me. Passion for Laylā has closed all the roads to me, and I can only take the road to Laylā's street.” Each has a prayer-niche in some direction, but SanāÌī's prayer-niche is Your street. [DS 1004]

Indeed We sent to nations before thee, and We seized them with misery and hardship that perhaps they would plead.Ibn ʿAṬāÌ said, �'We seized from them all the paths so that they would return to Us.'9 I shut down all the roads to them so that they would turn away totally from the realm of being and busy them- selves with My companionship, putting love for Me in their hearts.�Conforming with this is the story of Majnūn. He was seen circumambulating the Kaabah, out of touch with himself and agitated. The sea of passion was sending up waves in his breast, and his hands were raised in prayer: �'O God, increase me in love for Laylā!' Lord God, increase the passion for Laylā in my heart and multiply the trial of her love a thousand times!�His father, who was the prince of the time, said, �O Majnūn! Many antagonists have risen up against you. Go away for a few days, and perhaps they will forget about you, and this madness for Laylā will become less.�Majnūn went and on the third day came back. He said, �Father, excuse me. Passion for Laylā has closed all the roads to me, and I can only take the road to Laylā's street.�Each has a prayer-niche in some direction,but SanāÌī's prayer-niche is Your street. [DS 1004]

ولقد بعثنا -أيها الرسول- إلى جماعات من الناس من قبلك رسلا يدعونهم إلى الله تعالى، فكذَّبوهم، فابتليناهم في أموالهم بشدة الفقر وضيق المعيشة، وابتليناهم في أجسامهم بالأمراض والآلام؛ رجاء أن يتذللوا لربهم، ويخضعوا له وحده بالعبادة.

وقوله "ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك فأخذناهم بالبأساء" يعني الفقر والضيق في العيش "والضراء" وهي الأمراض والأسقام والآلام "لعلهم يتضرعون" أي يدعون الله ويتضرعون إليه ويخشعون.

ثم أخذ القرآن فى تسلية النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم وفى بيان أحوال الأمم الماضية فقال - تعالى - : { وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلنَآ إلى أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ بالبأسآء والضرآء لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ } .البأساء : تطلق على المشقة والفقر الشديد ، وعلى ما يصيب الأمم من أزمات تجتاحها بسبب الحروب والنكبات . والضراء . تطلق على الأمراض والأسقام التى تصيب الأمم والأفراد .والمعنى : ولقد أرسلنا من قبلك يا محمد رسلا إلى أقوامهم ، فكان هؤلاء الأقوام أعتى من قومك فى الشرك والجحود ، فعاقبناهم بالفقر الشديد والبلاء المؤلم ، لعلهم يخضعون ويرجعون عن كفرهم وشركهم .فالآية الكريمة تصور لوناً من ألوان العلاج النفسى الذى عالج الله به الأمم التى تكفر بأنعمه ، وتكذب أنبياءه ورسله ، إذ أن الآلام والشدائد علاج للنفوس المغرورة بزخارف الدنيا ومتها إن كانت صالحة للعلاج .

القول في تأويل قوله : وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى أُمَمٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ (42)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: = متوعدًا لهؤلاء العادلين به الأصنامَ = ومحذِّرَهم أن يسلك بهم إن هم تمادَوا في ضلالهم سبيلَ من سلك سبيلهم من الأمم قبلهم، في تعجيل الله عقوبته لهم في الدنيا = ومخبرًا نبيَّه عن سنته في الذين خلوا قبلهم من الأمم على منهاجهم في تكذيب الرسل = : " لقد أرسلنا "، يا محمد،" إلى أمم "، يعني: إلى جماعات وقرون (29) =" من قبلك فأخذناهم بالبأساء "، يقول: فأمرناهم ونهيناهم, فكذبوا رسلنا، وخالفوا أمرنا ونهينا, فامتحناهم بالابتلاء =" بالبأساء ", وهي شدة الفقر والضيق في المعيشة (30) =" والضراء "، وهي الأسقام والعلل العارضة في الأجسام. (31)* * *وقد بينا ذلك بشواهده ووجوه إعرابه في" سورة البقرة "، بما أغني عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. (32)* * *وقوله: " لعلهم يتضرعون " يقول: فعلنا ذلك بهم ليتضرعوا إليّ, ويخلصوا لي العبادة, ويُفْردوا رغبتهم إليَّ دون غيري، بالتذلل منهم لي بالطاعة، والاستكانة منهم إليّ بالإنابة.* * *وفي الكلام محذوفٌ قد استغني بما دلّ عليه الظاهرمن إظهاره دون قوله: (33) " ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك فأخذناهم "، وإنما كان سبب أخذه إياهم، تكذيبهم الرسل وخلافهم أمرَه = لا إرسال الرسل إليهم. وإذ كان ذلك كذلك, فمعلوم أن معنى الكلام: " ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك " رسلا فكذبوهم," فأخذناهم بالبأساء ".* * *و " التضرع ": هو " التفعل " من " الضراعة ", وهي الذلة والاستكانة.--------------------الهوامش :(29) انظر تفسير"أمة" فيما سلف ص: 344 ، تعليق: 2 ، والمراجع هناك.(30) انظر تفسير"البأساء فيما سلف 3: 349 - 252/ 4: 288.(31) انظر تفسير"الضراء" فيما سلف 3: 349 - 352/4 : 288/7 : 214.(32) انظر المراجع كلها في التعليقين السالفين.(33) في المطبوعة: "بما دل عليه الظاهر عن إظهاره من قوله" ، غير ما في المخطوطة ، وأثبت في المخطوطة بنصه ، وإن كنت أخشى أن يكون سقط من الناسخ كلام.

( ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك فأخذناهم بالبأساء ) بالشدة والجوع ، ( والضراء ) المرض والزمانة ، ( لعلهم يتضرعون ) أي يتوبون ويخضعون ، والتضرع السؤال بالتذلل .

لمّا أنذرهم بتوقّع العذاب أعقبه بالاستشهاد على وقوع العذاب بأمم من قبل ، ليَعلَم هؤلاء أنّ تلك سنة الله في الذين ظلموا بالشرك .وهذا الخبر مستعمل في إنذار السامعين من المشركين على طريقة التعريض ، وهم المخاطبون بالقول المأمور به في الجملة التي قبلها .فجملة : { ولقد أرسلنا } عطف على جملة : { قل أرأيتكم } [ الأنعام : 40 ] ، والواو لعطف الجمل ، فتكون استئنافية إذ كانت المعطوف عليها استئنافاً . وافتتحت هذه الجملة بلام القسم و ( قد ) لتوكيد مضمون الجملة ، وهو المفرّع بالفاء في قوله : { فأخذناهم بالبأساء والضرّاء }.نزّل السامعون المعرّض بإنذارهم منزلة من ينكرون أن يكون ما أصاب الأمم الذين من قبلهم عقاباً من الله تعالى على إعراضهم .وقوله : { فأخذناهم } عطف على { أرسلنا } باعتبار ما يؤذن به وصف { مِنْ قبلك } من معاملة أممهم إيّاهم بمثل ما عاملك به قومك ، فيدلّ العطف على محذوف تقديره : فكذّبوهم .ولمّا كان أخذهم بالبأساء والضرّاء مقارناً لزمن وجود رسلهم بين ظهرانيهم كان الموقع لفاء العطف للإشارة إلى أنّ ذلك كان بمرأى رسلهم وقبل انقراضهم ليكون إشارة إلى أنّ الله أيّد رسله ونصرهم في حياتهم؛ لأنّ أخذ الأمم بالعقاب فيه حكمتان : إحداهما : زجرهم عن التكذيب ، والثانية : إكرام الرسل بالتأييد بمرأى من المكذّبين . وفيه تكرمة للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم بإيذانه بأنّ الله ناصره على مكذّبيه .ومعنى { أخذناهم } أصبناهم إصابة تمكّن . وتقدّم تفسير الأخذ عند قوله تعالى : { أخذتْه العزّة بالإثم } في سورة [ البقرة : 206 ].وقد ذكر متعلّق الأخذ هنا لأنّه أخْذ بشيء خاصّ بخلاف الآتي بُعيد هذا .والبأساء والضرّاء تقدّماً عند قوله تعالى : { والصابرين في البأساء والضرّاء } في سورة [ البقرة : 177 ]. وقد فسّر البأساء بالجوع والضرّاء بالمرض ، وهو تخصيص لا وجه له ، لأنّ ما أصاب الأمم من العذاب كان أصنافاً كثيرة . ولعلّ من فسَّره بذلك اعتبر ما أصاب قريشاً بدعوة النبي .و ( لَعلّ ) للترّجي . جُعل علّة لابتداء أخذهم بالبأساء والضرّاء قبل الاستئصال .ومعنى يتضرّعون } يتذلّلون لأنّ الضراعة التذلّل والتخشّع ، وهو هنا كناية عن الاعتراف بالذنب والتوبة منه ، وهي الإيمان بالرسل .والمراد : أنّ الله قدّم لهم عذاباً هيّناً قبل العذاب الأكبر ، كما قال : { ولنذيقنّهم من العذاب الأدنى دون العذاب الأكبر لعلّهم يرجعون } [ السجدة : 21 ] وهذا من فرط رحمته الممازجة لمقتضى حكمته؛ وفيه إنذار لقريش بأنّهم سيصيبهم البأساء والضرّاء قبل الاستئصال ، وهو استئصال السيف . وإنّما اختار الله أن يكون استئصالهم بالسيف إظهاراً لكون نصر الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام عليهم كان بيده ويد المصدّقين به . وذلك أوقع على العرب ، ولذلك روعي حال المقصودين بالإنذار وهم حاضرون .

يقول تعالى: { وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى أُمَمٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ } من الأمم السالفين، والقرون المتقدمين، فكذبوا رسلنا، وجحدوا بآياتنا. { فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ } أي: بالفقر والمرض والآفات، والمصائب، رحمة منا بهم. { لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ } إلينا، ويلجأون عند الشدة إلينا.

قوله تعالى : ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك فأخذناهم بالبأساء والضراء لعلهم يتضرعون .قوله تعالى : ولقد أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك الآية تسلية للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وفيه إضمار ; أي : أرسلنا إلى أمم من قبلك رسلا وفيه إضمار آخر يدل عليه الظاهر ; تقديره : فكذبوا فأخذناهم وهذه الآية متصلة بما قبل اتصال الحال بحال قريبة منها ; وذلك أن هؤلاء سلكوا في مخالفة نبيهم مسلك من كان قبلهم في مخالفة أنبيائهم ، فكانوا بعرض أن ينزل بهم من البلاء ما نزل بمن كان قبلهم . بالبأساء بالمصائب في الأموال والضراء في الأبدان ; هذا قول الأكثر ، وقد يوضع كل واحد منهما موضع الآخر ; ويؤدب الله عباده بالبأساء والضراء وبما شاء لا يسأل عما يفعل . قال ابن عطية : استدل العباد في تأديب أنفسهم بالبأساء في تفريق الأموال ، والضراء في الحمل على الأبدان بالجوع والعري بهذه الآية .قلت : هذه جهالة ممن فعلها وجعل هذه الآية أصلا لها ; هذه عقوبة من الله لمن شاء من عباده يمتحنهم بها ، ولا يجوز لنا أن نمتحن أنفسنا ونكافئها قياسا عليها ; فإنها المطية التي [ ص: 332 ] نبلغ عليها دار الكرامة ، ونفوز بها من أهوال يوم القيامة ; وفي التنزيل : يا أيها الرسل كلوا من الطيبات واعملوا صالحا وقال : يا أيها الذين آمنوا أنفقوا من طيبات ما كسبتم يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم فأمر المؤمنين بما خاطب به المرسلين ; وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه يأكلون الطيبات ويلبسون أحسن الثياب ويتجملون بها ; وكذلك التابعون بعدهم إلى هلم جرا ، على ما تقدم بيانه في " المائدة " وسيأتي في " الأعراف " من حكم اللباس وغيره ، ولو كان كما زعموا واستدلوا لما كان في امتنان الله تعالى بالزروع والجنات وجميع الثمار والنبات والأنعام التي سخرها وأباح لنا أكلها وشرب ألبانها والدفء بأصوافها - إلى غير ذلك مما امتن به - كبير فائدة ، فلو كان ما ذهبوا إليه فيه الفضل لكان أولى به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ومن بعدهم من التابعين والعلماء ، وقد تقدم في آخر " البقرة " بيان فضل المال ومنفعته ، والرد على من أبى من جمعه ، وقد نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الوصال مخافة الضعف على الأبدان ، ونهى عن إضاعة المال ردا على الأغنياء الجهال .قوله تعالى : لعلهم يتضرعون أي : يدعون ويذلون ، مأخوذ من الضراعة وهي الذلة ; يقال : ضرع فهو ضارع .

When a man is faced with the truth and he does not accept it, God does not seize him immediately, but gives him some jolts by way of monetary loss or physical trouble, so that he should review his way of life, and his thinking should be revolutionised. Life’s events are not mere happenings but vibrant messages from God sent to wake a man up from his sleep of forgetfulness. But man learns nothing from these things. He consoles himself by saying that these are normal ups and downs and that such ups and downs do occur in life. In this way, Satan all too often diverts the mind of the individual from possible divine disfavour and pushes him into negligence of his religious duties by providing him with plausible justifications. When a man indulges in this type of behaviour again and again, his heart loses all sensitivity to what is true or false, right or wrong. His conscience eventually becomes totally blunted. When a man ignores the warnings received from God, His approach towards him changes. Now, God’s decision for him is that the doors to comfort and success should be opened for him; he should be granted prosperity in full measure; his honour and popularity should increase. This is in reality, a punishment, so that the evil hidden in him should come out clearly. The purpose of this is that man should feel satisfied with himself and become more and more insensitive and much bolder in ignoring the Truth. And, as a result, his meriting punishment is fully established. When this purpose is achieved, God’s retribution suddenly overwhelms him. He is deprived of worldly life and presented before the court of the Hereafter, so that he may be awarded the punishment of Hell. This world is God’s world. Here the right to have one’s greatness extolled belongs to only one Being. So, if a man ignores the divine truth, he is in fact disrespecting God. In a world overarched by the majesty of the Almighty, he wants to establish his own greatness. In this way he is indulging in unparalleled transgression. He is being insolent to God before whom no behaviour other than that of the utmost humility is proper.

Commentary The verses cited above, if seen in the context of verses appearing immediately previous to them, will show the particular mode in which Shirk and Kufr have been refuted and Tauhid, affirmed. First, the disbelievers of Makkah have been asked: If you are hit by a calamity now, for example, the punishment of Allah descends on you right here in this world or comes death or the very Day of Doom breaks loose, then think and answer who it will be you would call for help to keep this calamity away from you or who it would be you will hope to deliver you from this terrible punishment? Do you think these self-sculpted idols in stone or any others from among the creation of Allah you have given His status would come out to help you in your hour of trial? And then, would you still address your cry of distress to them, or would you rather appeal to none but Allah, the One, the All-Powerful? There can be no better answer from any sensible human being which was given by Allah Ta` ala Himself on behalf of them - that, at a time of such mass calamity, even the greatest Mushrik will forget all about his idols and self-appointed objects of worship and would call none but Allah. If so, the outcome is obvious. These idols of yours, and the objects of worship whom you have given the status of Allah Ta` ala and whom alone you regard as your problem solvers and granters of wishes, in fact, did not come to help you in your distress, nor could you muster the courage to call them up to help you out. Now then, when would it be that your devotion to them as objects of worship and their role of problems solvers assigned to them by you will start working for you? What has been said here is a gist of immediately previous verses. Stated here as a matter of supposition is that punishment could befall them within the life of this world as an outcome of their disbelief and disobedience. And, again as a matter of supposition, if the punishment does not visit them in the present life, then, the coming of the Qiyamah is certain after all when account will be taken from all human beings of their deeds and put in effect shall be the law of reward and punishment against these. ` Qiyamah' here could mean the commonly acknowledged Qiyamah or the Day of Doom. It is also possible that, by the particular use of the word, ` As-Sa` ah' (The Hour) -[ 41], the sense could be that of ` The Smaller Doom' (al-Qiyamatus-Sughra) which stands activated for every human being immediately after his or her death - as the saying is: مَن مَّاتَ فَقد قَامَت قِیَامَتُہ (For one who dies, his or her ` Qiyamah' (Doom) stands established right then) because a preliminary sampling of the ultimate reckoning of the Qiyamah will come before the deceased in his or her ` Qabr' (burial place) and in the state of Barzakh (the post-death - pre-Qiyamah state) and the sampling of the ultimate reward and punishment due ` there' would start showing up right from ` here.' (Not too difficult to visualize for those familiar with ` testers' and ` samples' provided on perfume counters in alcoves of major mega stores which are meant to tell the visitor: ` WYSIWYG!' That is, ` what you see is what you get.' - Tr.) But, despite warnings given in these verses to disobedient people against their attitude of complacency - lest there comes upon them some sudden Divine punishment as has come on past communities, or death, or ultimately the very reckoning after Qiyamah about which there is no doubt - such people have a mind of their own. They tend to take the whole world on the analogy of their limited experience in the already limited time of their life which makes them compulsive excuse seekers in such matters. Present before them the warnings and intimations given by blessed prophets and they will bypass them as ambiguous thinking, specially at times, and which reappear in all ages, when there are people around who, in spite of their open disobedience to Allah and His Prophet ﷺ ، keep prospering in wealth, property, influence, recognition and power, almost everything. So, on the one hand, here is what they witness with their own eyes, while, on the other hand, is the word of the blessed messenger of Allah who tells them that punishments do come upon the disobedient as it is the customary practice of the One they disobey. Now, as they look at the two sides of the argument simultaneously, then, their own excuse seeking disposition and, of course, the Satan hoodwinks them into believing that the word of the prophet is a deception or delusion. Now, for an answer, we can turn to the present verses where Al-mighty Allah has pointed out to the law which applies to what happened to past communities. It was said: وَلَقَدْ أَرْ‌سَلْنَا إِلَىٰ أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُم بِالْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّ‌اءِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّ‌عُونَ ﴿42﴾. It means that Allah did send, before the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، His prophets to other communities which were tested in two ways. Firstly, they were tested with hardships and sufferings to see if these would become the cause of their turning to Allah. But, when they failed in this test and, rather than turn to Allah and abandon disobedience, became all the more engrossed in it, then, they were subjected to a different kind of test. The doors of worldly comforts were opened to them. They had everything they could wish for in the material world so that through these blessings they could recognize their Benefactor and remember Him. But they, rather than be grateful to Him, were so lost in the labyrinth of luxury that they forgot all about the messages and teachings of Allah and His Messenger. Thus, having traded their souls for the glitter of fleeting comforts, they failed in both tests, and their case before Allah became conclusively established against them. So, they were seized by the punishment of Allah suddenly which destroyed them to the last man. This punishment had come upon earlier communities too, down from the heavens and up from beneath the earth, and such mass punishments have come in other ways too which had reduced whole peoples and nations to ashes. The people of Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) were deluged in the great flood which did not spare even mountain peaks. The people of عَاد ` Ad were hit by an eight-day long wind storm which left not one survivor. The people of Thamud were destroyed through a terrifying sound. The entire habitation of the people of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) was overturned, the remnants of which still exist in the west of Jordan in the form of a low lying water level which is not conducive. to the survival of any sea life. Therefore, it is called The Dead Sea, and also the Sea of Lut. In short, these were some forms in which Divine punishment befell past communities as a result of their disobedience destroying whole nations and peoples in one stroke. However, it has also happened that such people died away naturally leaving no one behind to remember them. Also clarified in these verses is that Almighty Allah does not send down His punishment upon any people all of a sudden. Instead, punishments come at the level of admonitions the purpose of which is to make it possible for people to shed their heedlessness and take to the correct path. We also know from here that the hardship or distress which is sent to people on the earth as punishment for them, though outwardly looks like punishment but, in reality, it is not. Instead of that, it serves the purpose of a wake-up call designed to shake people out of their heedlessness. As such, it is nothing but mercy. Says another verse of the Qur'an وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُم مِّنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَىٰ دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ‌ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْ‌جِعُونَ ﴿21﴾, that is, We will make them taste a lesser punishment, leaving the greatest punishment aside, so that they may return - 32:21. Removed from these very verses is the doubt about this world which is no place for rewards (Darul-Jaza' ), but a place where one must do what one should (Darul-` Amal). What then is the sense of being punished in this world where good and bad seem to be weighed on the same scale and where, in fact, the evil ones fare better than the good? The answer is clear. The real reward and punishment will come on that one day of Qiyamah, which is known as the very Day of Judgement (Yowmud-DIn) or the Day of Retribution (Yowm al-Jaza' ).. But, some hardships are sent in this world as a sample of punishment (Adhab) and some comforts as a sample of reward (Thawab) which are a token of mercy from Allah. Some spiritual masters have even said that all comforts of the world are indicators of the comforts of Paradise so that one learns to long for them. As for all those hardships and sorrows that afflict man in this world, they too are indicators of the punishment of the Hereafter so that man prepares to stay safe against them. Unless there is a sample or model-in sight, no one can be pursuaded towards anything, nor can anyone be detracted from any impending danger or evil. So, the comforts and discomforts of this mortal life are not rewards and punishments as such. They are, rather, samples or tokens of re-wards and punishments. We may say that this whole world is a show room of Akhirah (the Hereafter) where the trader displays the demonstration pieces of his merchandise in front of his store or shop so that they could attract the buyer. Thus, we can see that worldly prosperity or poverty, happiness or sorrow are not reward and punishment in the real sense. Actually, they are a method of bringing the creation of Allah alienated from its Creator back to His fold. At the end of verse 42 itself, this element of wisdom finds expression through the words: لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّ‌عُونَ (so that they may supplicate in humility). It means that the hardship inflicted on them during their life in the present world was really not aimed at punishing them. Since everyone turns to Allah naturally when in distress, the purpose was to make people turn to Allah through a little hardship. This tells us that the hardship or pain which visits a person or group as punishment is, in a sense, the working of Divine mercy.

(We have sent already unto peoples that were before you) just as We have sent you to your people, (and We visited them with tribulation) fear from one another, affliction and hardship, when they did not believe (and adversity) illness, pain and hunger, (in order that they might grow humble) in order that they may believe and pray that I lift the punishment from them.