The Ascending Stairways, The Ladders — Verse 32

and those who are keepers faithful guardians of their trusts amānātihim a variant reading has the singular amānatihim that to which they are entrusted of religion and the affairs of this world and their covenant the one taken from them regarding such things

فمن طلب لقضاء شهوته غير الزوجات والمملوكات، فأولئك هم المتجاوزون الحلال إلى الحرام. والذين هم حافظون لأمانات الله، وأمانات العباد، وحافظون لعهودهم مع الله تعالى ومع العباد، والذين يؤدُّون شهاداتهم بالحق دون تغيير أو كتمان، والذين يحافظون على أداء الصلاة ولا يخلُّون بشيء من واجباتها. أولئك المتصفون بتلك الأوصاف الجليلة مستقرُّون في جنات النعيم، مكرمون فيها بكل أنواع التكريم.

قرأ الجمهور "لأماناتهم" بالجمع. وابن كثير بالإفراد. والأمانة والعهد يجمع كل ما يحمله الإنسان من أمر دينه ودنياه قولا فعلا. وهذا يعم معاشرة الناس والمواعيد وغير ذلك; وغاية ذلك حفظه والقيام به. والأمانة أعم من العهد, وكل عهد فهو أمانة فيما تقدم فيه قول أو فعل أو معتقد.

قوله : ( والذين هُمْ لأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ ) أى : أن من صفات هؤلاء المؤمنين الصادقين ، الذين إذا مسهم الشر لا يجزعون ، وإذا مسهم الخير لا يمنعون . . أنهم لا يخلون بشئ من الأمانات التى يؤمنون عليها ، ولا ينقضون شيئا من العهود التى يعاهدون غيرهم عليها ، وإنما هم يراعون ذلك ويحفظونه حفظا تاما .فقوله ( رَاعُونَ ) جمع راع ، وهو الذى يرعى الحقوق والأمانات والعهود ويحفظها ويحرسها ، كما يحرس الراعى غنمه وإبله حراسة تامة .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَيقول تعالى ذكره: وإلا الذين هم لأمانات الله التي ائتمنهم عليها من فرائضه، وأمانات عباده التي ائتُمِنُوا عليها، وعهوده التي أخذها عليهم بطاعته فيما أمرهم به ونهاهم، وعهود عباده التي أعطاهم على ما عقده لهم على نفسه راعون، يرقبون ذلك، ويحفظونه فلا يضيعونه، ولكنهم يؤدّونها ويتعاهدونها على ما ألزمهم الله وأوجب عليهم حفظها.

"والذين هم لأماناتهم وعهدهم راعون".

وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ (32) ليس لها تفسير فى كتاب التحرير

{ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ } أي: مراعون لها، حافظون مجتهدون على أدائها والوفاء بها، وهذا شامل لجميع الأمانات التي بين العبد وبين ربه، كالتكاليف السرية، التي لا يطلع عليها إلا الله، والأمانات التي بين العبد وبين الخلق، في الأموال والأسرار، وكذلك العهد، شامل للعهد الذي عاهد عليه الله، والعهد الذي عاهد عليه الخلق، فإن العهد يسأل عنه العبد، هل قام به ووفاه، أم رفضه وخانه فلم يقم به؟.

والذين هم لأماناتهم وعهدهم راعون تقدم أيضا .

These verses give a brief description of the qualities of two types of human beings: those who will be treated as entitled to enter Paradise and those whose deeds will cause them to be thrown into Hell on Doomsday.

Rights of Allah and Rights of Human beings both are included in Trust Obligations وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَ‌اعُونَ (and those who are careful about their trusts and covenants...70:32). The word amanat is the plural of amanah 'trust and covenant' as in: إِنَّ اللَّـهَ يَأْمُرُ‌كُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا 'Surely, Allah commands you to fulfill trust obligations towards those entitled to them. [ 4:58] ' The use of plural number indicates that amanah does not only refer to 'that which people might deposit with a trustee for safe-keeping' but it also refers to 'all obligatory rights that are necessary to fulfill'. Breach of trusts and covenants is dishonesty. Trust obligations include all Divine rights, such as salah, siyam, hajj and zakah, as well as all human rights, such as rights that Allah has imposed between human beings, or human beings themselves might have entered into binding contracts and covenants. Fulfillment of them is obligatory. Failure to comply with their terms and conditions would amount to breach, or dishonesty. [ Mazhari، condensed ].

(And those who keep) and those who honour, and keep to the time agreed upon regarding (their pledges) that with which they have been entrusted whether it relates to religion or other things (and their covenant) with their Lord or with other people; and it is also said this means: and their oaths.

and those who are keepers of their trusts and their covenant,He said:Its inner meaning refers to the trust (amāna) within the self, for it is God�s secret with His servants. He confides with them (yusārruhum) due to His knowledge of all the suggestions(khawāṭir) and aspirations (himam) which are within it [the self]. On the other hand, they confide in Him by showing their neediness for Him and seeking refuge in Him.Furthermore, if the heart acquiesces in that which the evil whispering of the Enemy suggests to it, even though it may be the most insignificant thing, it will manifest itself in the breast, and from the breast to the body and thus will he have betrayed God�s trust (amāna), His pledge (ʿahd) and faith (īmān).

Man is Impatient Allah informs about man and his inclination to corrupt his behavior. Allah says, إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعاً (Verily, man was created very impatient;) Then, Allah explains this statement by saying, إِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ جَزُوعاً (Apprehensive when evil touches him;) meaning, whenever any harm touches him he is frightful, worried and completely taken back due to the severity of his terror and his despair that he will receive any good after it. وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الْخَيْرُ مَنُوعاً (And suppressive when good touches him.) meaning, if he attains any blessing from Allah, he is stingy with it, not sharing it with others. He will withhold the right of Allah with that blessing. Imam Ahmad said that Abu `Abdur-Rahman informed them that Musa bin `Ali bin Rabah told them that he heard his father narrating from `Abdul-`Aziz bin Marwan bin Al-Hakim that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «شَرُّ مَا فِي رَجُلٍ: شُحٌّ هَالِعٌ وَجُبْنٌ خَالِع» (The worst thing that can be in a man is greedy impatience and unrestrained cowardice.) Abu Dawud recorded this Hadith from `Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah on the authority of Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Muqri', and this is the only Hadith through `Abdul-`Aziz with him. The Exclusion of Those Who pray from what has preceded and an Explanation of Their Deeds and Their P Then Allah says, إِلاَّ الْمُصَلِّينَ (Except those who are devoted to Salah.) meaning, man is described with blameworthy characteristics except for He whom Allah protects, helps and guides to good, making its means easy for him -- and these are those people who perform Salah. الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِمْ دَآئِمُونَ (Those who with their Salah are Da'imun;) It has been said that this means they guard its times and the elements obligatory in it. This has been said by Ibn Mas`ud, Masruq and Ibrahim An-Nakha`i. It has also been said that it means tranquility and humble concentration (in the prayer). This is similar to Allah's statement, قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ - الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى صَلاَتِهِمْ خَـشِعُونَ (Successful indeed are the believers. Those who with their Salah are Khashi`un.) (23:1-2) This was said by `Uqbah bin `Amir. From its meanings is the same terminology used to describe standing (still) water (Al-Ma' Ad-Da'im). This proves the obligation of having tranquility in the prayer. For verily, the one who does not have tranquility (stillness of posture) in his bowing and prostrating, then he is not being constant (Da'im) in his prayer. This is because he is not being still in it and he does not remain (in its positions), rather he pecks in it (quickly) like the pecking of the crow. Therefore, he is not successful in performing his prayer. It has also been said that the meaning here refers to those who perform a deed and are constant in its performance and consistent in it. This is like the Hadith that has been recorded in the Sahih on the authority of `A'ishah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللهِ أَدْوَمُهَا وَإِنْ قَل» (The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are most consistent, even if they are few.) Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ فِى أَمْوَلِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَّعْلُومٌ - لِّلسَّآئِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ (And those in whose wealth there is a recognized right. For the one who asks, and for the deprived.) meaning, in their wealth is a determined portion for those who are in need. Concerning Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ يُصَدِّقُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ (And those who believe in the Day of Recompense.) meaning, they are sure of the Final Return (to Allah), the Reckoning and the Recompense. Therefore, they perform the deeds of one who hopes for the reward and fears the punishment. For this reason Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُم مِّنْ عَذَابِ رَبِّهِم مُّشْفِقُونَ (And those who fear the torment of their Lord. ) meaning, they are fearful and dreadful. إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّهِمْ غَيْرُ مَأْمُونٍ (Verily, the torment of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure.) meaning, no one is safe from it (Allah's torment) of those who understand the command from Allah, except by the security of Allah Himself. Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَـفِظُونَ (And those who guard their private part (chastity).) meaning, they keep their private parts away from that which is forbidden and they prevent their private parts from being put into other than what Allah has allowed them to be in. This is why Allah says, إِلاَّ عَلَى أَزْوَجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُهُمْ (Except from their wives or their right hand possessions) meaning, from their female slaves. إِلاَّ عَلَى أَزْوَجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ - فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى وَرَآءَ ذلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ (for (then) they are not blameworthy. But whosoever seeks beyond that, then it is those who are trespassers.) The explanation of this has already preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Mu'minun, and therefore does not need to be repeated here. Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لاًّمَـنَـتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَعُونَ (And those who keep their trusts and covenants.) meaning, if they are given a trust they do not deceit and when they make a covenant they do not break it. These are the characteristics of the believers which are opposite of the characteristics of the hypocrites. This is like what is reported in the authentic Hadith, «آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَان» (The signs of the hypocrites are three. When he speaks he lies, when he promises he breaks his promise, and when he is given a trust he behaves treacherously (with it).) In another narration it states, «إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَر» (When he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he breaks it, and when he argues he is abusive.) Concerning Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِشَهَـدَتِهِم قَائِمُونَ (And those who stand firm in their testimonies.) This means that they guard their testimonies. They do not add or decrease from what they testify to nor do they conceal their testimonies. Allah says in another Ayah, وَمَن يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ ءَاثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ (Who hides it, surely, his heart is sinful.) (2:283) Then Allah says, وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (And those who are with their Salah, Yuhafizun.) meaning, they maintain its proper times, its pillars, its obligations and its recommended acts. So Allah begins this discussion (of the believers' attributes) with prayer and He concludes it with prayer. This proves the importance of it and the praise of its noble status, just as what preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Mu'minun. It is exactly the same discussion. This is why Allah says there (in Al-Mu'minun), أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْوَرِثُونَ - الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ (These are indeed the inheritors. Who shall inherit the Firdaws (Paradise). They shall dwell therein forever.) (23:10-11) And He says here, أُوْلَـئِكَ فِى جَنَّـتٍ مُّكْرَمُونَ (Such shall dwell in the Gardens, honored.) meaning, they will be honored with various types of pleasures and delights. فَمَالِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ قِبَلَكَ مُهْطِعِينَ - عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ - أَيَطْمَعُ كُلُّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُدْخَلَ جَنَّةَ نَعِيمٍ - كَلاَّ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـهُم مِّمَّا يَعْلَمُونَ