Hud — Verse 11

Allah created the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days Allah, the Exalted, informs of His power over all things, and that He created the heavens and the earth in six days. He mentions that His Throne was over the water before that, just as Imam Ahmad recorded that `Imran bin Husayn said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا بَنِي تَمِيم» (Accept the glad tidings, O tribe of Tamim!) They said, `Verily you have brought us glad tidings and you have given us.' Then he said, «اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا أَهْلَ الْيَمَن» (Accept the glad tidings, O people of Yemen!) They said, `We accept. Therefore, inform us about the beginning of this matter and how it was.' He said, «كَانَ اللهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَكَتَبَ فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ ذِكْرَ كُلِّ شَيْء» (Allah was before everything and His Throne was over the water. He then wrote in the Preserved Tablet mentioning everything.) Then a man came to me and said, "O `Imran, your she camel has escaped from her fetter." I then went out after her and I do not know what was said after I left." This Hadith has been recorded in the Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim with a variety of wordings. In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ اللهَ قَدَّرَ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاء» (Verily Allah measured the amount of sustenance of the creatures fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, and His Throne was over the water.) Under the explanation of this verse, Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَنْفِقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْك» (Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, said, `Spend and I will spend on you.') And he said, «يَدُ اللهِ مَلْأَى لَا يَغِيضُهَا نَفَقَةٌ، سَحَّاءُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَار» (Allah's Hand is full, and it is not diminished by spending throughout the night and the day.) He also said, «أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْفَقَ مُنْذُ خَلَقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَغِضْ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ، وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَبِيَدِهِ الْمِيزَانُ يَخْفِضُ وَيَرْفَع» (Have you seen what has been spent since the creation of the heavens and the earth Verily it does not diminish what is in His Right Hand (in the slightest) and His Throne was over the water. In His Hand is the Scale and he lowers and raises it.) Concerning Allah's statement, لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً (that He might try you, which of you is the best in deeds.) This means that He created the heavens and the earth for the benefit of His servants, whom He created so that they may worship Him and not associate anything with Him as a partner. Allah did not create this creation (of the heavens and the earth) out of mere frivolity. This is similar to His statement, وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَآءَ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَـطِلاً ذَلِكَ ظَنُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنَ النَّارِ (And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them without purpose! That is the consideration of those who disbelieve! Then woe to those who disbelieve from the Fire!) 38: 27 Allah the Exalted, said, أَفَحَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ عَبَثاً وَأَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا لاَ تُرْجَعُونَ - فَتَعَـلَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ (Did you think that We created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us So Exalted is Allah, the True King: there is no God but He, the Lord of the Supreme Throne!) 23:115-116 Allah, the Exalted, said, وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالإِنسَ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُونِ (And I (Allah) created not the Jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me (Alone).) 51:56 Concerning the statement of Allah, لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ (that He might try you,) It means so that He (Allah) may test you. Concerning the statement, أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً (which of you is the best in deeds.) It is important to note here that Allah did not say, "Which of you has done the most deeds." Rather, He said, "Best in deeds." A deed cannot be considered a good deed until it is done sincerely for Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, and it must be in accordance with the legislation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Whenever a deed lacks one of these conditions, then it is null and void. The Polytheists hasten their Torment by arguing against Resurrection after Death Concerning Allah's statement, وَلَئِن قُلْتَ إِنَّكُمْ مَّبْعُوثُونَ مِن بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ (But if you were to say to them: "You shall indeed be raised up after death.") Allah, the Exalted, is saying, "O Muhammad, if you were to inform these polytheists that Allah is going to resurrect them after their death, just as He created them originally (they would still reject)." Even though they know that Allah, the Exalted, is the One Who created the heavens and the earth, just as He said, وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ (And if you ask them who created them, they will surely say: "Allah.")43:87 Allah says, وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ (And if you were to ask them: "Who has created the heavens and the earth and subjected the sun and the moon" They will surely reply: "Allah.") 29:61 Even after their awareness of this (Allah's creating), they still reject the resurrection and the promised return on the Day of Judgement. Yet, in reference to ability, the resurrection is easier (for Allah to perform) than the original creation. As Allah said, وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ (And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it (after it has perished); and this is easier for Him.) 30:27 Allah also said, مَّا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلاَ بَعْثُكُمْ إِلاَّ كَنَفْسٍ وَحِدَةٍ (The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as (the creation and resurrection of) a single person.) 31:28 Concerning the statement, إِنْ هَـذَا إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ (This is nothing but obvious magic.) The polytheists say this due to their disbelief and obstinacy. They say, "We do not believe your claim that resurrection will occur." They also say, "He (Muhammad) only says this (resurrection of the dead) because he is bewitched, and he wants you to follow him in what his bewitchment tells him. Concerning Allah's statement, وَلَئِنْ أَخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ إِلَى أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ (And if We delay the torment for them till a determined term,) Allah, the Exalted, is saying "If We delay the torment and the destruction of these polytheists until an appointed time and a period determined, and We promise them a specific time period (of life), they would still say, in rejection and haste; مَا يَحْبِسُهُ (What keeps it back) They mean by this, "What delays this torment from overtaking us" Both rejection and doubt are their very nature. Therefore, they have no escape or refuge from the torment. The Meanings of the Word Ummah The word Ummah is used in the Qur'an and Sunnah with a number of different meanings. Sometimes when it is used it means a specified period of time. An example is the statement of Allah, the Exalted, in this verse, إِلَى أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ (till a determined Ummah (term),) This is also the meaning in the statement of Allah in Surah Yusuf, وَقَالَ الَّذِى نَجَا مِنْهُمَا وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ (Then the man who was released, now after Ummah (some time) remembered.) 12:45 The word Ummah is also used to refer to the Imam (leader) who is followed. An example of this is in the statement of Allah, إِنَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَـنِتًا لِلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, obedient to Allah, Hanif, and he was not of those who were polytheists.) 16:120 The word Ummah is also used to mean religion and religious creed. This is as Allah mentions concerning the polytheists, that they said, إِنَّا وَجَدْنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَى أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِم مُّقْتَدُونَ (Verily, we found our fathers following a certain way and religion, and we will indeed follow their footsteps. ) 43:23 The word Ummah is also used to mean a group (of people). This is as Allah says, وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مَآءَ مَدْيَنَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ يَسْقُونَ (And when he arrived at the water (well) of Madyan, he found there a group of men watering (their flocks).) 28:23 Allah also said, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut.") 16:36 Allah also said, وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولٌ فَإِذَا جَآءَ رَسُولُهُمْ قُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ (And for every Ummah there is a Messenger; when their Messenger comes, the matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be wronged.) 10:47 The meaning of Ummah here is those people who have had a Messenger sent among them. The meaning of Ummah in this context includes the believers and the disbelievers among them. This is like what has been recorded in Sahih Muslim, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَسْمَعُ بِي أَحَدٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ يَهُودِيٌّ وَلَا نَصْرَانِيٌّ ثُمَّ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِي إِلَّا دَخَلَ النَّار» (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! there is no one of this Ummah, whether he be a Jew or Christian, who hears of me and does not believe in me, except that he will enter the Hell- fire.) In reference to the Ummah of followers, then they are those who believe in the Messengers, as Allah said, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You (the followers of Prophet Muhammad) are the best Ummah ever raised up for mankind.) 3:110 In the Sahih the Prophet said, «فَأَقُولُ: أُمَّتِي أُمَّتِي» (Then I will say, "My Ummah (followers), my Ummah!") The word Ummah is also used to mean a sect or party. An example of this usage is in the statement of Allah, وَمِن قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ (And of the people of Musa there is an Ummah who lead (the men) with truth and established justice therewith.) 7:159 Likewise is His statement, مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ أُمَّةٌ قَآئِمَةٌ (A party of the People of the Scripture stand for the right.) 3:113

save but those who endure misery patiently and perform righteous deeds during times of comfort; theirs will be forgiveness and a great reward which is Paradise.

save those who endure [patiently], an exceptive clause [referring back] to 'man': in other words, this species [of man] is despairing, ungrateful, exultant, and boastful in both states, except those who endure patiently with God, halting with Him in [both] the states of adversity and fortune, hardship and comfort, as ʿUmar [b. al-Khaṭṭāb], may God be satisfied with him: 'Poverty and wealth are [like] two riding animals. I do not mind which of the two I ride'; and who perform, in both states, what is in their best interest of what has been mentioned; those, theirs will be forgiveness, from the sins of the soul manifesting itself in despair, ingratitude, exultation and boastfulness in both states, and a great recompense, in the way of the reward of the self-disclosures of the acts and the attributes and the Gardens of these two.

save those who endure [patiently], an exceptive clause [referring back] to 'man': in other words, this species [of man] is despairing, ungrateful, exultant, and boastful in both states, except those who endure patiently with God, halting with Him in [both] the states of adversity and fortune, hardship and comfort, as ʿUmar [b. al-Khaṭṭāb], may God be satisfied with him: 'Poverty and wealth are [like] two riding animals. I do not mind which of the two I ride'; and who perform, in both states, what is in their best interest of what has been mentioned; those, theirs will be forgiveness, from the sins of the soul manifesting itself in despair, ingratitude, exultation and boastfulness in both states, and a great recompense, in the way of the reward of the self-disclosures of the acts and the attributes and the Gardens of these two.

لكن الذين صبروا على ما أصابهم من الضراء إيمانًا بالله واحتسابًا للأجر عنده، وعملوا الصالحات شكرا لله على نعمه، هؤلاء لهم مغفرة لذنوبهم وأجر كبير في الآخرة.

قال الله تعالى "إلا الذين صبروا" أي على الشدائد والمكاره "وعملوا الصالحات" أي في الرخاء والعافية "أولئك لهم مغفرة" أي بما يصيبهم من الضراء "وأجر كبير" بما أسلفوه في زمن الرخاء كما جاء في الحديث "والذي نفسي بيده لا يصيب المؤمن هم ولا غم ولا نصب ولا وصب ولا حزن حتى الشوكة يشاكها إلا كفر الله عنه بها من خطاياه" وفي الصحيحين "والذي نفسي بيده لا يقضي الله للمؤمن قضاء إلا كان خيرا له: إن أصابته سراء فشكر كان خيرا له وإن أصابته ضراء فصبر كان خيرا له وليس ذلك لأحد غير المؤمن" ولهذا قال الله تعالى "والعصر إن الأنسان لفي خسر إلا الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات وتواصوا بالحق وتواصوا بالصبر" وقال تعالى "إن الإنسان خلق هلوعا" الآيات.

وقوله : ( إِلاَّ الذين صَبَرُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصالحات . . ) استثناء من هؤلاء الناس الذين لا يصبرون عند الشدة ، ولا يشكرون عند الرخاء .أى : إلا الذين صبروا على النعمة كما صبروا على الشدة ، وعملوا فى الحالتين الأعمال الصالحات التى ترضى الله - تعالى - .( أولئك ) الموصوفون بذلك ( لَهُمْ ) من الله - تعالى - ( مَّغْفِرَةٌ ) عظيمة تمسح ذنوبهم ( وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ ) منه - سبحانه - لهم . جزاء صبرهم الجميل ، وعملهم الصالح .وفى الصحيحين أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " والذى نفسى بيده ، لا يقضى الله للمؤمن قضاء إلا كان خيرا له ، إن أصابته سراء شكر فكان خيرا له ، وإن أصابته ضراء صبر فكان خيرا له ، وليس ذلك لأحد غير المؤمن " .

فقال تعالى ذكره: (إلا الذين صبروا وعملوا الصالحات)، فإنهم إن تأتهم شدّة من الدنيا وعسرة فيها ، لم يثنهم ذلك عن طاعة الله، ولكنهم صبروا لأمره وقضائه. فإن نالوا فيها رخاء وسعةً ، شكروه وأدَّوا حقوقه بما آتاهم منها. يقول الله: (أولئك لهم مغفرة) يغفرها لهم، ولا يفضحهم بها في معادهم ، (وأجر كبير)، يقول: ولهم من الله مع مغفرة ذنوبهم ، ثوابٌ على أعمالهم الصالحة التي عملوها في دار الدنيا، جزيلٌ، وجزاءٌ عظيم.18006- حدثنا القاسم قال ، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج: (إلا الذين صبروا ) ، عند البلاء ، (وعملوا الصالحات ) ، عند النعمة ، (أولئك لهم مغفرة) ، لذنوبهم ، (وأجر كبير)، قال: الجنة.* * *

( إلا الذين صبروا ) قال الفراء : هذا استثناء منقطع ، معناه : لكن الذين صبروا ( وعملوا الصالحات ) فإنهم إن نالتهم شدة صبروا ، وإن نالوا نعمة شكروا ، ( أولئك لهم مغفرة ) لذنوبهم ، ( وأجر كبير ) وهو الجنة .

احتراس باستثناء من ( الإنسان ). والمراد بالّذين صبروا المؤمنون بالله لأنّ الصبر من مقارنات الإيمان فَكنيَ بالذين صبروا عن المؤمنين فإنّ الإيمان يَرُوضُ صاحبَه على مفارقة الهوى ونبذ معتاد الضلالة . قال تعالى : { إلاّ الّذينَ آمَنُوا وَعَملُوا الصّالحَات وَتَوَاصَوْا بالْحَقّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بالصّبْر } [ العصر : 3 ].ومنْ معاني الصبر انتظار الفرج ولذلك أوثرَ هنا وصفُ ( صبروا ) دون ( آمنوا ) لأنّ المرادَ مقابلة حالهم بحال الكفّار في قوله : { إنّه ليؤوس كفور } [ هود : 9 ]. ودل الاستثناء على أنّهم متّصفون بضد صفات المستثنى منهم . وفي هذا تحذير من الوقوع فيما يماثل صفات الكافرين على اختلاف مقادير . وقد نسجت الآية على هذا المنوال من الإجمال لتذهب نفوس السامعين من المؤمنين في طرق الحذر من صفتي اليأس وكفران النعمة ، ومن صفتي الفرح والفخر كل مذهب ممكن .وجملة { أولئك لهم مغفرة وأجْرٌ كبير } مستأنفة ابتدائية . والإتيان باسم الإشارة عقب وصفهم بما دل عليه الاستثناء وبالصبر وعمل الصالحات تنبيهٌ على أنّهم استحقوا ما يذكر بعد اسم الإشارة لأجْل ما ذكر قبله من الأوصاف كقوله : { أولَئكَ عَلَى هُدىً منْ رَبهمْ وأولئِكَ هُمْ الْمُفْلِحُون } [ البقرة : 5 ].

تفسير الآيتين 10 و 11 :ـ وأنه إذا أذاقه رحمة من بعد ضراء مسته، أنه يفرح ويبطر، ويظن أنه سيدوم له ذلك الخير، ويقول: { ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ } أي: فرح بما أوتي مما يوافق هوى نفسه، فخور بنعم الله على عباد الله، وذلك يحمله على الأشر والبطر والإعجاب بالنفس، والتكبر على الخلق، واحتقارهم وازدرائهم، وأي عيب أشد من هذا؟" وهذه طبيعة الإنسان من حيث هو، إلا من وفقه الله وأخرجه من هذا الخلق الذميم إلى ضده، وهم الذين صبروا أنفسهم عند الضراء فلم ييأسوا، وعند السراء فلم يبطروا، وعملوا الصالحات من واجبات ومستحبات. { أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ } لذنوبهم، يزول بها عنهم كل محذور. { وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ } وهو: الفوز بجنات النعيم، التي فيها ما تشتهيه الأنفس، وتلذ الأعين."

قوله تعالى إلا الذين صبروا وعملوا الصالحات يعني المؤمنين ، مدحهم بالصبر على الشدائد . وهو في موضع نصب . قال الأخفش : هو استثناء ليس من الأول ; أي لكن الذين صبروا وعملوا الصالحات في حالتي النعمة والمحنة . وقال الفراء : هو استثناء من ولئن أذقناه أي من الإنسان ، فإن الإنسان بمعنى الناس ، والناس يشمل الكافر والمؤمن ; فهو استثناء متصل وهو حسن .أولئك لهم مغفرة ابتداء وخبر" وأجر " معطوف ." كبير " صفة .

In the present world, man is given ease and hardship by turns. But here, neither is comfort given as a reward nor is hardship imposed as a punishment. The purpose of both is to put human beings to the test. This world is a great examination hall. The purpose of whatever happens to man here is to see what sort of responses he offers to different testing conditions. That man is a failure whose behaviour is such that when he receives some worldly bounties from God, he becomes proud; he behaves with haughtiness towards those who appear to him of a lower status than himself. Similarly, that person is also a failure who displays ingratitude when some bounty is taken away from him or he becomes the victim of some affliction. Even after being deprived of something, a man still possesses many things granted to him by God. But man forgets them and becomes so desperate over that one loss, it is as if he had been robbed of everything. On the contrary, those who fully measure up to the standards of Faith are individuals who are patient and righteous in their deeds. That is, in spite of every setback, they keep their emotional balance and continue to exercise moderation; they continue to do whatever they are required to do as subjects of God. What is patience? It is a man’s conduct being shaped by principles and not by the conditions and situations in which he finds himself. Whatever may be the condition, he should rise above them and formulate his views purely in the light of Truth. He should have the courage to live on the level of his Faith and moral awareness, unaffected by the prevailing conditions. This sort of life is one of piety. Those who establish their piety in this way will be the ones who will share God’s bounties in the future life and have a place in God’s eternal Gardens.

In order to make such perfect models of humanity distinct from those having common human temperament, it was said in the third verse (11): إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُ‌وا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ (except those who are patient and do good deeds). It means that people exempted from this common human frailty have two qualities: صَبر Sabr (patience) and al-Amal as-Salih (good deeds). The word: صَبر (sabr) is used to convey a much wider range of meanings in the Arabic language, much wider than conveyed by its translation as ` patience' in English. The real meaning of صَبر Sabr is to tie, check, stop or hold back. In the terminology of the Qur'an and Sunnah, to hold the desiring human self back from going for the impermissible is Sabr. Therefore, the sense of صَبر Sabr (patience) includes abstention from all sins and doings counter to the dictates of the Shari` ah and al-Amal as-Salih (good deeds) covers all that is obligatory (fard), necessary (wajib), Sunnah and recommended (mustahabb). The verse now comes to mean that there are people who will not be affected by common human weaknesses. This will happen because they would have faith in Allah and they would fear the reckoning of the Last Day of Qiyamah. They will abstain from everything disliked by Allah and His Rasul and race towards every deed that brings their pleasure. At the end of this very verse, also identified there is the recompense of these perfect human beings: أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَ‌ةٌ وَأَجْرٌ‌ كَبِير (Those are the people for whom there is forgiveness and a great reward - 11) At this place, it should be noted that the Holy Qur'an uses the word: اَذَقنَا (adhaqna: We give them a taste of) for blessing and suffering both. By this device, it was indicated that real blessing and suffering is that of the Hereafter. Neither is the comfort of the mortal world the whole of it, nor is its suffering the whole of it. Instead of that, it should be taken at the level of tasting and sampling so that human beings could have some idea of the blessings and sufferings of the Hereafter. Therefore, neither are the comforts of this world something to be happy about unnecessarily, nor are its sufferings something to grieve about too much. If you were to think, this whole world is, to borrow a commercial term, only a showroom of the Hereafter with sample displays of comfort and suffering.

(Save those) save Muhammad (pbuh) and his Companions (who persevere) in their faith (and do good works) acts of obedience between them and their Lord, for they are patient in times of hardship and give thanks when they receive a blessing. (Theirs will be forgiveness) of their sins in this world (and a great reward) in Paradise.