Hud — Verse 10

Allah created the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days Allah, the Exalted, informs of His power over all things, and that He created the heavens and the earth in six days. He mentions that His Throne was over the water before that, just as Imam Ahmad recorded that `Imran bin Husayn said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا بَنِي تَمِيم» (Accept the glad tidings, O tribe of Tamim!) They said, `Verily you have brought us glad tidings and you have given us.' Then he said, «اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا أَهْلَ الْيَمَن» (Accept the glad tidings, O people of Yemen!) They said, `We accept. Therefore, inform us about the beginning of this matter and how it was.' He said, «كَانَ اللهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَكَتَبَ فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ ذِكْرَ كُلِّ شَيْء» (Allah was before everything and His Throne was over the water. He then wrote in the Preserved Tablet mentioning everything.) Then a man came to me and said, "O `Imran, your she camel has escaped from her fetter." I then went out after her and I do not know what was said after I left." This Hadith has been recorded in the Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim with a variety of wordings. In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ اللهَ قَدَّرَ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاء» (Verily Allah measured the amount of sustenance of the creatures fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, and His Throne was over the water.) Under the explanation of this verse, Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَنْفِقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْك» (Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, said, `Spend and I will spend on you.') And he said, «يَدُ اللهِ مَلْأَى لَا يَغِيضُهَا نَفَقَةٌ، سَحَّاءُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَار» (Allah's Hand is full, and it is not diminished by spending throughout the night and the day.) He also said, «أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْفَقَ مُنْذُ خَلَقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَغِضْ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ، وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَبِيَدِهِ الْمِيزَانُ يَخْفِضُ وَيَرْفَع» (Have you seen what has been spent since the creation of the heavens and the earth Verily it does not diminish what is in His Right Hand (in the slightest) and His Throne was over the water. In His Hand is the Scale and he lowers and raises it.) Concerning Allah's statement, لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً (that He might try you, which of you is the best in deeds.) This means that He created the heavens and the earth for the benefit of His servants, whom He created so that they may worship Him and not associate anything with Him as a partner. Allah did not create this creation (of the heavens and the earth) out of mere frivolity. This is similar to His statement, وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَآءَ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَـطِلاً ذَلِكَ ظَنُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنَ النَّارِ (And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them without purpose! That is the consideration of those who disbelieve! Then woe to those who disbelieve from the Fire!) 38: 27 Allah the Exalted, said, أَفَحَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ عَبَثاً وَأَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا لاَ تُرْجَعُونَ - فَتَعَـلَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ (Did you think that We created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us So Exalted is Allah, the True King: there is no God but He, the Lord of the Supreme Throne!) 23:115-116 Allah, the Exalted, said, وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالإِنسَ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُونِ (And I (Allah) created not the Jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me (Alone).) 51:56 Concerning the statement of Allah, لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ (that He might try you,) It means so that He (Allah) may test you. Concerning the statement, أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً (which of you is the best in deeds.) It is important to note here that Allah did not say, "Which of you has done the most deeds." Rather, He said, "Best in deeds." A deed cannot be considered a good deed until it is done sincerely for Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, and it must be in accordance with the legislation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Whenever a deed lacks one of these conditions, then it is null and void. The Polytheists hasten their Torment by arguing against Resurrection after Death Concerning Allah's statement, وَلَئِن قُلْتَ إِنَّكُمْ مَّبْعُوثُونَ مِن بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ (But if you were to say to them: "You shall indeed be raised up after death.") Allah, the Exalted, is saying, "O Muhammad, if you were to inform these polytheists that Allah is going to resurrect them after their death, just as He created them originally (they would still reject)." Even though they know that Allah, the Exalted, is the One Who created the heavens and the earth, just as He said, وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ (And if you ask them who created them, they will surely say: "Allah.")43:87 Allah says, وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ (And if you were to ask them: "Who has created the heavens and the earth and subjected the sun and the moon" They will surely reply: "Allah.") 29:61 Even after their awareness of this (Allah's creating), they still reject the resurrection and the promised return on the Day of Judgement. Yet, in reference to ability, the resurrection is easier (for Allah to perform) than the original creation. As Allah said, وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ (And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it (after it has perished); and this is easier for Him.) 30:27 Allah also said, مَّا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلاَ بَعْثُكُمْ إِلاَّ كَنَفْسٍ وَحِدَةٍ (The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as (the creation and resurrection of) a single person.) 31:28 Concerning the statement, إِنْ هَـذَا إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ (This is nothing but obvious magic.) The polytheists say this due to their disbelief and obstinacy. They say, "We do not believe your claim that resurrection will occur." They also say, "He (Muhammad) only says this (resurrection of the dead) because he is bewitched, and he wants you to follow him in what his bewitchment tells him. Concerning Allah's statement, وَلَئِنْ أَخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ إِلَى أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ (And if We delay the torment for them till a determined term,) Allah, the Exalted, is saying "If We delay the torment and the destruction of these polytheists until an appointed time and a period determined, and We promise them a specific time period (of life), they would still say, in rejection and haste; مَا يَحْبِسُهُ (What keeps it back) They mean by this, "What delays this torment from overtaking us" Both rejection and doubt are their very nature. Therefore, they have no escape or refuge from the torment. The Meanings of the Word Ummah The word Ummah is used in the Qur'an and Sunnah with a number of different meanings. Sometimes when it is used it means a specified period of time. An example is the statement of Allah, the Exalted, in this verse, إِلَى أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ (till a determined Ummah (term),) This is also the meaning in the statement of Allah in Surah Yusuf, وَقَالَ الَّذِى نَجَا مِنْهُمَا وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ (Then the man who was released, now after Ummah (some time) remembered.) 12:45 The word Ummah is also used to refer to the Imam (leader) who is followed. An example of this is in the statement of Allah, إِنَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَـنِتًا لِلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, obedient to Allah, Hanif, and he was not of those who were polytheists.) 16:120 The word Ummah is also used to mean religion and religious creed. This is as Allah mentions concerning the polytheists, that they said, إِنَّا وَجَدْنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَى أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِم مُّقْتَدُونَ (Verily, we found our fathers following a certain way and religion, and we will indeed follow their footsteps. ) 43:23 The word Ummah is also used to mean a group (of people). This is as Allah says, وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مَآءَ مَدْيَنَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ يَسْقُونَ (And when he arrived at the water (well) of Madyan, he found there a group of men watering (their flocks).) 28:23 Allah also said, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut.") 16:36 Allah also said, وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولٌ فَإِذَا جَآءَ رَسُولُهُمْ قُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ (And for every Ummah there is a Messenger; when their Messenger comes, the matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be wronged.) 10:47 The meaning of Ummah here is those people who have had a Messenger sent among them. The meaning of Ummah in this context includes the believers and the disbelievers among them. This is like what has been recorded in Sahih Muslim, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَسْمَعُ بِي أَحَدٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ يَهُودِيٌّ وَلَا نَصْرَانِيٌّ ثُمَّ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِي إِلَّا دَخَلَ النَّار» (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! there is no one of this Ummah, whether he be a Jew or Christian, who hears of me and does not believe in me, except that he will enter the Hell- fire.) In reference to the Ummah of followers, then they are those who believe in the Messengers, as Allah said, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You (the followers of Prophet Muhammad) are the best Ummah ever raised up for mankind.) 3:110 In the Sahih the Prophet said, «فَأَقُولُ: أُمَّتِي أُمَّتِي» (Then I will say, "My Ummah (followers), my Ummah!") The word Ummah is also used to mean a sect or party. An example of this usage is in the statement of Allah, وَمِن قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ (And of the people of Musa there is an Ummah who lead (the men) with truth and established justice therewith.) 7:159 Likewise is His statement, مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ أُمَّةٌ قَآئِمَةٌ (A party of the People of the Scripture stand for the right.) 3:113

But if We cause him to taste prosperity after some misery such as impoverishment and hardship that had befallen him assuredly he will say ‘The ills the afflictions have gone from me’ when he had not anticipated that they would go away; yet still he does not give thanks for this; lo! he is exultant wanton boastful to people of what he has been given;

ولئن بسطنا للإنسان في دنياه ووسَّعنا عليه في رزقه بعد ضيق من العيش، ليقولَنَّ عند ذلك: ذهب الضيق عني وزالت الشدائد، إنه لبَطِر بالنعم، مبالغ في الفخر والتعالي على الناس.

وهكذا إن أصابته نعمة بعد نقمة "ليقولن ذهب السيئات عني" أي يقول ما ينالني بعد هذا ضيم ولا سوء "إنه لفرح فخور" أي فرح بما في يده بطر فخور على غيره.

ثم بين - سبحانه - حالة هذا الإِنسان اليؤوس الكفور ، عندما تأتيه السراء بعد الضراء فقال : ( وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَآءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السيئات عني إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ ) .والنعماء : النعمة التى يظهر أثرها على صاحبها ، واختبر لفظ النعماء لمقابلته للضراء .والضراء : ما يصيب الإِنسان من مصائب يظهر أثرها السئ عليه .والمراد بالسيئات : الأضرار التى لحقته كالفقر والمرض .والمعنى : ولئن أذقنا هذا الإِنسان اليؤوس الكفور ( نعماء ) بعد ضراء مسته كصحة بعد مرض ، وغنى بعد فقر ، وأمن بعد خوف ، ونجاح بعد فشل .( لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السيئات عني ) أى : ليقولن فى هذه الحالة الجديدة ببطر وأشر ، وغرور وتكبر ، لقد ولت المصائب عنى الأدبار ، ولن تعود إلى .وعبر - سبحانه - فى جانب الضراء بالمس ، للإِشارة إلى أن الإِصابة بها أخف مما تذوقه من نعماء ، وأن لطف الله شامل لعباده فى كل الأحوال .وجملة ( إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ ) جواب القسم .أى : إنه لشديد الفرح والبطر بالنعمة : كثير التباهى والتفاخر بما أعطى منها ، مشغول بذلك عن القيام بما يجب عليه نحو خالقه من شكر وثناء عليه - سبحانه - .وإنها - أيضا - لصورة صادقة لهذا الإِنسان العجول القاصر ، الذى يعيش فى لحظته الحاضرة ، فلا يتذكر فيما مضى ، ولا يتفكر فيما سكون عليه حاله بعد الموت ، ولا يعتبر بتقلبات الأيام ، فهو يؤوس كفور إذا نزعت منه النعمة ، وهو بطر فخور إذا عادت إليه ، وهذا من أسوأ ما تصاب به النفس الإِنسانية من أخلاق مرذولة .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَاءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ (10)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ولئن نحن بسطنا للإنسان في دنياه، ورزقناه رخاءً في عيشه، ووسعنا عليه في رزقه ، وذلك هي النّعم التي قال الله جل ثناؤه: (وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَاءَ) (38) ، وقوله: (بعد ضراء مسته) ، يقول: بعد ضيق من العيش كان فيه ، وعسرة كان يعالجها (39) (لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي) ، يقول تعالى ذكره: ليقولن عند ذلك: ذهب الضيق والعسرة عني، وزالت الشدائد والمكاره ، (إنه لفرح فخور) ، يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الإنسان لفرح بالنعم التي يعطاها مسرور بها (40)، (فخور)، يقول: ذو فخر بما نال من السعة في الدنيا ، وما بسط له فيها من العيش، (41) وينسى صُرُوفها ، ونكدَ العَوَائص فيها، (42) ويدع طلب النعيم الذي يبقى ، والسرور الذي يدوم فلا يزول.18005- حدثنا القاسم قال ، حدثنا الحسين قال ، حدثنا حجاج، عن ابن جريج قوله: (ذهب السيئات عني) ، غِرَّةً بالله وجراءة عليه ، (إنه لفرح) ، والله لا يحب الفرحين ، (فخور) ، بعد ما أعطي ، وهو لا يشكر الله.* * *ثم استثنى جل ثناؤه من الإنسان الذي وصفه بهاتين الصفتين: " الذين صبروا وعملوا الصالحات ". وإنما جاز استثناؤهم منه لأن " الإنسان " بمعنى الجنس ومعنى الجمع. وهو كقوله: وَالْعَصْرِ * إِنَّ الإِنْسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ * إِلا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ، [سورة العصر: 1-3]، (43)------------------------الهوامش :(38) انظر تفسير " النعماء " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( نعم ) .(39) انظر تفسير " المس " فيما سلف ص : 219 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك .، وتفسير " الضراء " فيما سلف ص : 49 ، تعليق : 1 ، والمراجع هناك .(40) انظر تفسير " فرح " فيما سلف 14 : 289 .(41) انظر تفسير " فخور " فيما سلف 8 : 350 .(42) في المطبوعة : " نكد العوارض " ، غير ما في المخطوطة ، و " العوائص " جمع " عائص " أو " عائصة " ، ومثله " العوصاء " ، وكله معناه : الشدة والعسر والحاجة .(43) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء في تفسير الآية . ومن هنا سأرجع إلى النسخة المخطوطة من معاني القرآن ، لأن بقية الكتاب لم تطبع بعد . والنسخة التي أرجع إليها هي المخطوطة بدار الكتب المصرية تحت رقم : ب 24986 ، مصورة عن نسخة مكتبة " بغداد لي وهبي " بالمكتبة السليمانية ، بالآستانة .

( ولئن أذقناه نعماء بعد ضراء مسته ) بعد بلاء أصابه ، ( ليقولن ذهب السيئات عني ) زالت الشدائد عني ، ( إنه لفرح فخور ) أشر بطر ، والفرح : لذة في القلب بنيل المشتهى ، والفخر : هو التطاول على الناس بتعديد المناقب ، وذلك منهي عنه .

هذه الجملة تتميم للّتي قبلها لأنها حكت حالة ضدّ الحالة في الّتي قبلها ، وهي جملة قسم وشرط وجواب قسم كما تقدم في نظائرها .وضمير { أذقناه } المنصوب عائد إلى الإنسان فتعريفه كتعريف معاده للاستغراق بالمعنى المتقدم .والنعماء بفتح النون وبالمد النعمة واختير هذا اللفظ هنا وإن كان لفظ النعمة أشهر لمحسن رعي النظير في زنة اللّفظين النعماء والضراء . والمراد هنا النعمة الحاصلة بعد الضراء .والمس مستعمل في مطلق الإصابة على وجه المجاز . واختيار فعل الإذاقة لما تقدم ، واختيار فعل المس بالنسبة إلى إدراك الضرّاء إيماء إلى أنّ إصابة الضرّاء أخفّ من إصابة النّعماء ، وأن لطف الله شامل لعباده في كلّ حال .وأكّدَت الجملة باللاّم الموطئة للقَسَم وبنون التّوكيد في جملة جواب القسم لمثل الغرض الذي بيّنّاه في الجملة السابقة .وجعل جواب القسم القول للإشارة إلى أنّه تبجحٌ وتفاخر ، فالخبر في قوله : { ذهب السيئات عنّي } مستعمل في الازدهاء والإعجاب ، وذلك هو مقتضى زيادة { عنّي } متعلقاً ب { ذهب } للإشارة إلى اعتقاد كل واحد أنّه حقيق بأن تَذهب عنه السيّئات غروراً منه بنفسه ، كما في قوله : { ولئن أذقناه رحمةً منّا من بعد ضراء مسته ليقولن هذا لي وما أظن الساعة قائمةً ولئن رجعت إلى ربّي إن لي عندَه لَلْحسنى } [ فصلت : 50 ].وجملة { إنّه لفرح فخور } استئناف ابتدائي للتعجيب من حاله ، و ( فرح وفخور ) مثالاَ مبالغة ، أي لشديد الفرح شديد الفخر . وشدة الفرح : تجاوزه الحد وهو البطر والأشَر ، كما في قوله : { إنّ اللّهَ لاَ يُحبُّ الْفَرحين } [ القصص : 76 ].والفخر : تباهي المرء على غيره بما له من الأشياء المحبوبة للنّاس .والمعنى أنّه لا يشكر الله على النعمة بعد البأساء وَمَا كان فيه من الضرّاء فلا يتفكر في وجود خالق الأسباب وَنَاقل الأحوال ، والمخالف بين أسبابها . وفي معنى الآيتين قولُه في سورة [ الشورى : 48 ] { وَإنّا إذا أذقنا الإنسانَ منّا رحمةً فَرحَ بهَا وإن تصبهم سيئةٌ بما قدمت أيديهم فإنّ الإنسانَ كفور . }

تفسير الآيتين 10 و 11 :ـ وأنه إذا أذاقه رحمة من بعد ضراء مسته، أنه يفرح ويبطر، ويظن أنه سيدوم له ذلك الخير، ويقول: { ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ } أي: فرح بما أوتي مما يوافق هوى نفسه، فخور بنعم الله على عباد الله، وذلك يحمله على الأشر والبطر والإعجاب بالنفس، والتكبر على الخلق، واحتقارهم وازدرائهم، وأي عيب أشد من هذا؟" وهذه طبيعة الإنسان من حيث هو، إلا من وفقه الله وأخرجه من هذا الخلق الذميم إلى ضده، وهم الذين صبروا أنفسهم عند الضراء فلم ييأسوا، وعند السراء فلم يبطروا، وعملوا الصالحات من واجبات ومستحبات. { أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ } لذنوبهم، يزول بها عنهم كل محذور. { وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ } وهو: الفوز بجنات النعيم، التي فيها ما تشتهيه الأنفس، وتلذ الأعين."

قوله تعالى ولئن أذقناه نعماء أي صحة ورخاء وسعة في الرزق .بعد ضراء مسته أي بعد ضر وفقر وشدة .ليقولن ذهب السيئات عني أي الخطايا التي تسوء صاحبها من الضر والفقر .إنه لفرح فخور أي يفرح ويفخر بما ناله من السعة وينسى شكر الله عليه ; يقال : رجل فاخر إذا افتخر - وفخور للمبالغة - قال يعقوب القارئ : وقرأ بعض أهل المدينة ( لفرح ) بضم الراء كما يقال : رجل فطن وحذر وندس . ويجوز في كلتا اللغتين الإسكان لثقل الضمة والكسرة .

In the present world, man is given ease and hardship by turns. But here, neither is comfort given as a reward nor is hardship imposed as a punishment. The purpose of both is to put human beings to the test. This world is a great examination hall. The purpose of whatever happens to man here is to see what sort of responses he offers to different testing conditions. That man is a failure whose behaviour is such that when he receives some worldly bounties from God, he becomes proud; he behaves with haughtiness towards those who appear to him of a lower status than himself. Similarly, that person is also a failure who displays ingratitude when some bounty is taken away from him or he becomes the victim of some affliction. Even after being deprived of something, a man still possesses many things granted to him by God. But man forgets them and becomes so desperate over that one loss, it is as if he had been robbed of everything. On the contrary, those who fully measure up to the standards of Faith are individuals who are patient and righteous in their deeds. That is, in spite of every setback, they keep their emotional balance and continue to exercise moderation; they continue to do whatever they are required to do as subjects of God. What is patience? It is a man’s conduct being shaped by principles and not by the conditions and situations in which he finds himself. Whatever may be the condition, he should rise above them and formulate his views purely in the light of Truth. He should have the courage to live on the level of his Faith and moral awareness, unaffected by the prevailing conditions. This sort of life is one of piety. Those who establish their piety in this way will be the ones who will share God’s bounties in the future life and have a place in God’s eternal Gardens.

Commentary In the verses appearing above, it has been confirmed that the Holy Prophet ﷺ is a Messenger of Allah and an answer has been given to those who engineer doubts about it. At the beginning, in the first three verses (9-11), an instinctively bad human habit has been mentioned with an instruction to Muslims that they should stay away from it. That man is naturally fickle-minded and haste-prone, and that he tends to be consumed by his immediate condition and puts all concerns of the past and future out of his mind, has been described in the first two verses (9, 10). It has been said: If We let man taste a blessing and then take it back, he loses courage and hope and turns ungrateful. And if We let him taste a blessing after he has suffered from some hardship, he forgets all about his suffering and starts bragging and boasting. In other words, man is given to hurry things, takes the present as everything, does not bother to refer to the past or show concern for the future, therefore, a suffering after a blessing makes him lose hope and slide into ungratefulness. He never thinks that Allah who blessed him first could bless him again. Similarly, if one gets comfort after suffering, then he, rather than recall his past suffering, turn to Allah and be grateful to Him, starts waxing more proud and arrogant. In that state, he forgets his past and goes about thinking that Allah's blessings were his right, he has to have these, and that he remains under the impression that this was how he would continue for the rest of his life. So heedless he becomes that it just does not occur to him that the way the days of suffering did not continue any more, the same thing could hap-pen to the days of comfort and they too could vanish. Such is the state of human worship of the present and so tragic is the penchant for forgetting the past and the present that a power-hungry man would not even blink to raise the edifice of his power on the blood and dust of another man of power. Always looking up, he would never look down to recall that this had been the fate of the man of power before him. Sad ends and ill fates make no effect on him for power in the present tastes good. When people start worshipping the present and elect to remain drunk with the state they are in, that is high time for Books of Allah and His Messengers to come. When they do, they bring the lesson-oriented events of the past into sharp focus for heedless man to see things in this perspective and have a little concern for what would happen to them in the future. The lesson they teach is: Ponder over the changing conditions of the universe you are in and get to know the power working behind these - great sermonizers from the Lord! A perfect believer, in fact, a perfect human being is one who is able to perceive the hidden Power behind every change, revolution, sorrow and comfort, ignore their transitory phases, dismiss their material causes as the sole explanation. The mark of an intelligent person is that he looks at the originator or causer of causes more than he would look at causes, and it is with Him alone that he would relate to as firmly as possible.

(And if We cause him) i.e. the disbeliever (to taste grace after some misfortune) after some hardship (that had befallen him, he saith) i.e. the disbeliever: (The ills) hardships (have gone from me. Lo! he is exultant) arrogant, (boastful) about Allah's blessings and does not give thanks;