Hud — Verse 39
11:39 · Hud
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فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ مَن یَأۡتِیهِ عَذَابࣱ یُخۡزِیهِ وَیَحِلُّ عَلَیۡهِ عَذَابࣱ مُّقِیمٌ ٣٩
fasawfa taʿlamūna man yatīhi ʿadhābun yukh'zīhi wayaḥillu ʿalayhi ʿadhābun muqīmu
Hud / Hud (11:39)
Connections 4 single-source 3 commentators
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
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Q 14:174 (Ibrahim)
cited by
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Q 49:11 (al-Hujurat)
cited by
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Q 54:10 (al-Qamar)
cited by
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Q 71:26 (Nuh)
cited by
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 2 verses
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
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Tafsir al-Tabari 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
you will find out who will receive a humiliating punishment, and on whom a lasting suffering will descend.’
fasawfa taʿlamūna man yatīhi ʿadhābun yukh'zīhi wayaḥillu ʿalayhi ʿadhābun muqīmu
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Tafsir Commentary
The Revelation to Nuh concerning what would happen to the People and the Command to prepare for It
Allah, the Exalted, sent revelation to Nuh when his people hastened the vengeance and punishment of Allah upon themselves. Then, Nuh supplicated against them, as Allah mentioned, when He said;
رَّبِّ لاَ تَذَرْ عَلَى الاٌّرْضِ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ دَيَّاراً
(My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers inhabiting the earth!) 71:26 And he said,
فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنُّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ
(Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!")54:10 At this point Allah revealed to him,
أَنَّهُ لَن يُؤْمِنَ مِن قَوْمِكَ إِلاَّ مَن قَدْ ءَامَنَ
(None of your people will believe except those who have believed already.) Therefore, do not grieve over them and do not be concerned with their affair.
وَاصْنَعِ الْفُلْكَ
(And construct the ship.) The word Fulk here means ship.
بِأَعْيُنِنَا
(under Our Eyes) This means under Our vision.
وَوَحْيِنَا
(and with Our revelation,) This means, "We will teach you (Nuh) what to do."
وَلاَ تُخَـطِبْنِى فِى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ إِنَّهُمْ مُّغْرَقُونَ
(and address Me not on behalf of those who did wrong; they are surely to be drowned.) Muhammad bin Ishaq mentioned from the Tawrah, "Allah commanded him (Nuh) to make it (the ship) from Indian oak wood. Then He commanded him to make its length eighty cubits and its width fifty cubits. Allah then commanded him to coat its interior and exterior with tar and to make it with a slanted bow to part the water (as it sailed). Its height was thirty cubits into the sky. It had three levels and each level was ten cubits high. The lowest level was for the animals, both tame and wild, the second level was for the human beings and the highest level was for the birds. Its door was in the center of it and it had a cover on top of it that covered the entire ship. Concerning Allah's statement,
وَيَصْنَعُ الْفُلْكَ وَكُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ مَلأٌ مِّن قَوْمِهِ سَخِرُواْ مِنْهُ
(And as he was constructing the ship, whenever the chiefs of his people passed by him, they mocked at him.) This means that they teased him and rejected his threat that they would drown (in the forthcoming flood).
قَالَ إِن تَسْخَرُواْ مِنَّا فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنكُمْ
(He said: "If you mock at us, so do we mock at you likewise...") This is a severe threat and a serious warning.
مَن يَأْتِيهِ عَذَابٌ يُخْزِيهِ
(who it is on whom will come a torment that will cover him with disgrace) This means that it (the torment) will humiliate him in this life.
وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابٌ مُّقِيمٌ
(and on whom will fall a lasting torment.) that is continuous and everlasting.
and you shall know to whom man introduces the relative clause which constitutes the direct object of the action of ‘knowing’ will come a chastisement degrading him and upon whom an enduring an everlasting chastisement will fall’.
and you shall know, then, to whom will come a chastisement that will degrade him, in this world in the way of destruction, death, sickness, harm, hardship or poverty and how he will be perturbed and distressed at what he is losing, and upon whom an enduring chastisement will fall', an everlasting one in the Hereafter in the way of the mastery [over him] of the fires of privation and the dark configurations of vices and utter loss.
and you shall know, then, to whom will come a chastisement that will degrade him, in this world in the way of destruction, death, sickness, harm, hardship or poverty and how he will be perturbed and distressed at what he is losing, and upon whom an enduring chastisement will fall', an everlasting one in the Hereafter in the way of the mastery [over him] of the fires of privation and the dark configurations of vices and utter loss.
فسوف تعلمون إذا جاء أمر الله بذلك: من الذي يأتيه في الدنيا عذاب الله الذي يُهينه، وينزل به في الآخرة عذاب دائم لا انقطاع له؟
"من يأتيه عذاب يخزيه" أي يهينه في الدنيا "ويحل عليه عذاب مقيم" أي دائم مستمر أبدا.
ثم أضاف نوح - عليه السلام - إلى تهديدهم تهديدا آخر فقال : ( فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ مَن يَأْتِيهِ عَذَابٌ يُخْزِيهِ وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابٌ مُّقِيمٌ ) .أى : فسوف تعلمون عما قريب ، من منا الذى سينزل عليه العذاب المخزى المهين فى الدنيا ، ومن منا الذى سيحل عليه العذاب الدائم الخالد فى الآخرة .وبهذا نرى أن هذه الآيات الكريمة قد قررت حكم الله الفاضل فى شأن قوم نوح - عليه السلام - بعد أن لبث فيهم زمنا طويلا يدعوهم إلى الحق ، ولكنهم صموا آذانهم عنه فماذا كان من أمره وأمرهم بعد ذلك .كان من أمره وأمرهم بعد ذلك أن أمر الله - تعالى - نوحا - عليه السلام - أن يحمل فى السفينة بعد أن أتم صنعها من كل نوع من أنواع الحيوانات ذكرا وأنثى ، ثم نزل الطرفان ، وسارت السفينة بمن فيها ، وأغرق الله - تعالى - الظالمين ، وقد حكى - سبحانه - كل ذلك فقال - تعالى :( حتى إِذَا جَآءَ أَمْرُنَا . . . )
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : مَنْ يَأْتِيهِ عَذَابٌ يُخْزِيهِ وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ (39)قال أبو جعفر : يقول تعالى ذكره مخبرًا عن قيل نوح لقومه: فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ ، أيها القوم ، إذا جاء أمر الله، من الهالك ، مَنْ يَأْتِيهِ عَذَابٌ يُخْزِيهِ ، يقول: الذي يأتيه عذابُ الله منا ومنكم يهينه ويذله (15) ، وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ ، يقول: وينـزل به في الآخرة ، مع ذلك ، عذابٌ دائم لا انقطاع له، مقيم عليه أبدًا. (16)--------------------الهوامش :(15) انظر تفسير " الخزى " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( خزى ) .(16) انظر تفسير " عذاب مقيم " فيما سلف 10 : 293 / 14 : 174 ، 340 .
( فسوف تعلمون من يأتيه عذاب يخزيه ) يهينه ، ( ويحل عليه ) يجب عليه ، ( عذاب مقيم ) دائم .
وفي إسناد ( العلم ) إلى ضمير المخاطبين دون الضمير المشارك بأن يقال : فسوف نعلم ، إيماء إلى أن المخاطبين هم الأحق بعلم ذلك . وهذا يفيد أدباً شريفاً بأن الواثق بأنه على الحق لا يزعزع ثقته مقابلة السفهاء أعماله النافعة بالسخرية ، وأن عليه وعلى أتباعه أن يسخروا من الساخرين .والخزي : الإهانة ، وقد تقدم عند قوله تعالى : { ربنا إنك مَن تدخل النار فقد أخزيته } في آخر سورة [ آل عمران : 192 ].والعذاب المقيم : عذاب الآخرة ، أي من يأتيه عذاب الخزي في الحياة الدنيا ، والعذاب الخالد في الآخرة .و { مَن } استفهامية معلّقة لفعل العِلم عن العمل ، وحلول العذاب : حصوله؛ شبه الحصول بحلول القادم إلى المكان وهو إطلاق شائع حتى ساوى الحقيقة .
تفسير الآيتين 38 و 39 :ـفامتثل أمر ربه، وجعل يصنع الفلك { وَكُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ مَلَأٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ } ورأوا ما يصنع { سَخِرُوا مِنْهُ قَالَ إِنْ تَسْخَرُوا مِنَّا } الآن { فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا تَسْخَرُونَ * فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ يَأْتِيهِ عَذَابٌ يُخْزِيهِ وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ } نحن أم أنتم. وقد علموا ذلك، حين حل بهم العقاب.
قوله تعالى : فسوف تعلمون من يأتيه عذاب يخزيه تهديد ، و " من " متصلة ب " سوف " تعلمون و " تعلمون " هنا من باب التعدية إلى مفعول ; أي فسوف تعلمون الذي يأتيه العذاب . ويجوز أن تكون " من " استفهامية ; أي أينا يأتيه العذاب ؟ . وقيل : " من " في موضع رفع بالابتداء و " يأتيه " الخبر ، و " يخزيه " صفة ل " عذاب " . وحكى الكسائي : أن أناسا من أهل الحجاز يقولون : سو تعلمون ; وقال من قال : ستعلمون أسقط الواو والفاء جميعا . وحكى الكوفيون : سف تعلمون ; ولا يعرف البصريون إلا سوف تفعل ، وستفعل لغتان ليست إحداهما من الأخرىويحل عليه أي يجب عليه وينزل به .عذاب مقيم أي دائم ، يريد عذاب الآخرة .
The faith required of man is one at which he has arrived as a conscious and voluntary decision. Those who do not accept the Faith, in spite of the Prophet’s best missionary efforts, prove that they are not yet ready to become the Faithful of God of their own free will. The second stage for such people is having their freedom taken away and then being directly presented before God in all His Majesty, so that what they had not accepted as believers they should have to accept as criminals and be made to face the punishment befitting their arrogance. After hundreds of years of Noah’s missionary efforts, this stage had come for his community. Thereafter, Noah was told that, after having fully discharged the responsibility of preaching God’s word he should build an Ark, so that when the flood sent by God came to drown the arrogant people, he and his companions in Faith could take refuge in it. Noah then built a large boat with three decks. This took several years. While Noah was working on the boat along with his companions, the arrogant people of the community used to see it as they came and went. They thought that all talk of punishment was simply imaginary, and when they saw that a boat was even being built for protection from that imaginary punishment, they started ridiculing Noah much more. When a man amasses wealth by means of arrogance and injustice, one who is enamoured of appearances will take him to be successful, judging by his worldly assets. But one who knows that the world is subject to moral laws, will see in the aforesaid person’s temporary success a glimpse of his total destruction in the Hereafter. Such superficial people of Noah’s community made fun of him but, in reality, they were themselves about to become the subject of ridicule.
In the third verse (38), mentioned there is the total lack of concern for their sad end shown by the people of Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) during the period he was making the ark. When the chieftains of his people saw him busy with his project under a Divine command, they would ask him, ` what are you doing?' He said, ` a flood is to come, therefore, I am making an ark.' They would mock at him and say, ` we have no water to drink here and this wise man is planning to sail in a boat on this dry land.' In response, Sayyidna Nuh told them, ` if you mock at us today, then remember the day is sure to come when we shall be laughing at you.' The sense is that conditions would change and events would unfold in a manner that they themselves would become the cause of their being mocked at. For, in reality, ridicule is contrary to the spiritual station of prophets. It is simply not permissible for any-one in fact, it is Haram (unlawful). Says the Holy Qur'an: لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ ( O those who have believed, no people should mock at [ other ] people - may be, they are better than them - 49:11) Therefore, the mocking referred to here is a pragmatic response to their mockery. This is like saying, ` when you are seized by the punishment, we shall be telling you that this was the outcome of your mockery.' This is as it was said after that in the fourth verse (39): ` So, you shall soon know to whom will come the punishment that will humble him, and upon whom will befall the lasting punishment.' The first punishment refers to the punishment in the mortal world, and the ` lasting punishment' means the never-ending punishment of the Hereafter.
(And ye shall know to whom a punishment that will confound) humiliate and destroy (him cometh, and upon whom a lasting doom) in the Hereafter (will fall) will be enjoined upon.