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وَكَأَیِّن مِّن قَرۡیَةٍ أَمۡلَیۡتُ لَهَا وَهِیَ ظَالِمَةࣱ ثُمَّ أَخَذۡتُهَا وَإِلَیَّ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ ۝٤٨
waka-ayyin min qaryatin amlaytu lahā wahiya ẓālimatun thumma akhadhtuhā wa-ilayya l-maṣīr
The Pilgrimage / al-Hajj (22:48)
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Abdel Haleem

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To many a town steeped in wrongdoing I gave more time and then struck them down: they all return to Me in the end
waka-ayyin min qaryatin amlaytu lahā wahiya ẓālimatun thumma akhadhtuhā wa-ilayya l-maṣīr

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Tafsir Commentary

Here Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for the disbelief of those among his people who opposed him. وَإِن يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ (And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh) until His saying, وَكُذِّبَ مُوسَى (and denied was Musa.) means, despite all the clear signs and evidence that they brought. فَأمْلَيْتُ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ (But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while,) means, `I delayed and postponed.' ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ (then I seized them, and how (terrible) was My punishment!) means, `how great was My vengeance against them and My punishment of them!' In the Two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet said: «إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْه» (Allah lets the wrongdoer carry on until, when He seizes him, He will never let him go.) Then he recited: وَكَذلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ (Such is the punishment of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) 11:102 Then Allah says: فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَـهَا (And many a township did We destroy) وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ (while they were given wrongdoing,) meaning, they were rejecting their Messengers. فَهِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا (so that it lie in ruins,) Ad-Dahhak said, "Leveled to their roofs," i.e., their houses and cities were destroyed. وَبِئْرٍ مُّعَطَّلَةٍ (and (many) a deserted well) means, they draw no water from it, and no one comes to it, after it had been frequented often by crowds of people. وَقَصْرٍ مَّشِيدٍ (and a castle Mashid!) `Ikrimah said, "This means whitened with plaster." Something similar was narrated from `Ali bin Abi Talib, Mujahid, `Ata', Sa`id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-Mulayh and Ad-Dahhak. Others said that it means high and impenetrable fortresses. All of these suggestions are close in meaning and do not contradict one another, for this sturdy construction and great height did not help their occupants or afford them any protection when the punishment of Allah came upon them, as He says: أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُواْ يُدْرِككُّمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنتُمْ فِى بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ ("Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in Buruj Mushayyadah!") 4:78 أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ (Have they not traveled through the land,) means, have they not traveled in the physical sense and also used their minds to ponder That is sufficient, as Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya said in his book At-Tafakkur wal-I`tibar, "Some of the wise people said, `Give life to your heart with lessons, illuminate it with thought, kill it with asceticism, strengthen it with certain faith, remind it of its mortality, make it aware of the calamities of this world, warn it of the disasters that life may bring, show it how things may suddenly change with the passing of days, tell it the stories of the people of the past, and remind it what happened to those who came before."' Walk through their ruins, see what they did and what became of them, meaning, look at the punishments and divine wrath that struck the nations of the past who belied, فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَآ أَوْ ءَاذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا (and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear) meaning, let them learn a lesson from that. فَإِنَّهَا لاَ تَعْمَى الاٌّبْصَـرُ وَلَـكِن تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِى فِى الصُّدُورِ (Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind.) means, the blind person is not the one whose eyes cannot see, but rather the one who has no insight. Even if the physical eyes are sound, they still cannot learn the lesson. وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ - وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ (47. And they ask you to hasten on the torment! And Allah fails not His promise. And verily a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon.) (48. And many a township did I give respite while it was given to wrongdoing. Then I seized it (with punishment). And to Me is the (final) return (of all).) The Disbelievers Demand for the Punishment Allah tells His Prophet : وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ (And they ask you to hasten on the torment!) meaning, these disbelievers who disbelieve in Allah and His Book and His Messenger and the Last Day. This is like the Ayat: وَإِذْ قَالُواْ اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ (And (remember) when they said: "O Allah! If this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.") 8:32 H وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا عَجِّل لَّنَا قِطَّنَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ (They say: "Our Lord! Hasten to us Qittana (our punishment) before the Day of Reckoning!") 38:16. وَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ (And Allah fails not His promise.) means, His promise to bring about the Hour and wreak vengeance upon His enemies, and to honor His close friends. وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ (And verily a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon. ) means, He does not hasten, for what is counted as a thousand years with His creation is as one day with Him, and He knows that He is able to exact revenge and that He will not miss a thing, even if He delays and waits and postpones. Hence He then says: وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ (And many a township did I give respite while it was given to wrongdoing. Then I seized it (with punishment). And to Me is the (final) return (of all).) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «يَدْخُلُ فُقَرَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ بِنِصْفِ يَوْمٍ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَام» (The poor among the Muslims will enter Paradise half a day before the rich -- five hundred years.) This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i from the Hadith of Ath-Thawri from Muhammad bin `Amr. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." Abu Dawud recorded at the end of Book of Al-Malahim in his Sunan from Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas that the Prophet said: «إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ لَا تَعْجِزَ أُمَّتِي عِنْدَ رَبِّهَا أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَهُمْ نِصْفَ يَوْم» (I hope that it will not be too much for my Ummah if Allah delays them for half a day.) It was said to Sa`d, "What does half a day mean" He said, "Five hundred years."
To how many a town did I give respite while it was doing wrong; but then I seized it meaning I seized its inhabitants and with Me lies the journey’s end the final return.
وكثير من القرى كانت ظالمة بإصرار أهلها على الكفر، فأمهلتهم ولم أعاجلهم بالعقوبة فاغتروا، ثم أخَذْتُهم بعذابي في الدنيا، وإليَّ مرجعهم بعد هلاكهم، فأعذبهم بما يستحقون.
" وكأين من قرية أمليت لها وهي ظالمة ثم أخذتها وإلي المصير " قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا الحسن بن عرفة حدثني عبدة بن سليمان عن محمد بن عمرو عن أبي سلمة عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " يدخل فقراء المسلمين الجنة قبل الأغنياء بنصف يوم خمسمائة عام " ورواه الترمذي والنسائي من حديث الثوري عن محمد ابن عمرو به وقال الترمذي حسن صحيح وقد رواه ابن جرير عن أبي هريرة موقوفا فقال: حدثني يعقوب حدثنا ابن علية حدثنا سعيد الجريري عن أبي نضرة عن سمير بن نهار قال: قال أبو هريرة: يدخل فقراء المسلمين الجنة قبل الأغنياء بمقدار نصف يوم قلت وما مقدار نصف يوم ؟ قال أوما تقرأ القرآن قلت بلى ؟ قال " وإن يوما عند ربك كألف سنة مما تعدون " وقال أبو داود في آخر كتاب الملاحم من سننه حدثنا عمرو بن عثمان حدثنا أبو المغيرة حدثنا صفوان عن شريح بن عبيد عن سعد بن أبي وقاص عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال " إني لأرجو أن لا تعجز أمتي عند ربها أن يؤخرهم نصف يوم " قيل لسعد وما نصف يوم ؟ قال خمسمائة سنة. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أحمد بن سنان حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي عن إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس " وإن يوما عند ربك كألف سنة مما تعدون " قال من الأيام التي خلق الله فيها السموات والأرض ورواه ابن جرير عن ابن بشار عن ابن المهدي وبه قال مجاهد وعكرمة ونص عليه أحمد بن حنبل في كتاب الرد على الجهمية وقال مجاهد هذه الآية كقوله " يدبر الأمر من السماء إلى الأرض ثم يعرج إليه في يوم كان مقداره ألف سنة مما تعدون " وقال ابن أبي حاتم: حدثنا أبي حدثنا عارم بن محمد بن الفضل حدثنا حماد بن زيد عن يحيى بن عتيق عن محمد بن سيرين عن رجل من أهل الكتاب أسلم قال: إن الله تعالى خلق السموات والأرض في ستة أيام " وإن يوما عند ربك كألف سنة مما تعدون " وجعل أجل الدنيا ستة أيام وجعل الساعة في اليوم السابع " وإن يوما عند ربك كألف سنة مما تعدون " فقد مضت الستة أيام وأنتم في اليوم السابع فمثل ذلك كمثل الحامل إذا دلت شهرها ففي أية لحظة ولدت كان تماما.
ثم أكد - سبحانه - أن إملاءه للظالمين ، سيعقبه العذاب الأليم ، فقال : ( وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَيَّ المصير ) .أى : وكثير من القرى الظالمة أملهت عقوبة أهلها إلى أجل مسمى ، ثم أخذتها بعد ذلك أخذا شديدا ، جعلهم فى قراهم جاثمين كأن لم يغنوا فيها ، وسيرجعون إلينا فيجدون عذابا أشد وأبقى ، إذ أن مصيرهم إلىَّ لا إلى غيرى .
وكأين من قرية أمليت لها وهي ظالمةالقول في تأويل قوله تعالى : { وكأين من قرية أمليت لها وهي ظالمة } يقول تعالى ذكره : { وكأين من قرية أمليت لها } يقول : أمهلتهم وأخرت عذابهم , وهم بالله مشركون ولأمره مخالفون - وذلك كان ظلمهم الذي وصفهم الله به جل ثناؤه - فلم أعجل بعذابهم .ثم أخذتهايقول : ثم أخذتها بالعذاب , فعذبتها في الدنيا بإحلال عقوبتنا بهم .وإلي المصيريقول : وإلي مصيرهم أيضا بعد هلاكهم , فيلقون من العذاب حينئذ ما لا انقطاع له ; يقول تعالى ذكره : فكذلك حال مستعجليك بالعذاب من مشركي قومك , وإن أمليت لهم إلى آجالهم التي أجلتها لهم , فإني آخذهم بالعذاب فقاتلهم بالسيف ثم إلي مصيرهم بعد ذلك فموجعهم إذن عقوبة على ما قدموا من آثامهم .
( وكأين من قرية أمليت لها ) أي أمهلتها ، ( وهي ظالمة ثم أخذتها وإلي المصير ) .
وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ (48)عطف على جملة { ويستعجلونك بالعذاب } [ الحج : 47 ] أو على جملة { ولن يخلف الله وعده } [ الحج : 47 ] باعتبار ما تضمنه استعجالهم بالعذاب من التعريض بأنهم آيسون منه لتأخّر وقوعه ، فذُكّروا بأن أمماً كثيرة أمهلت ثمّ حلّ بها العذاب . فوزان هذه الآية وِزان قوله آنفاً : { فكأين من قرية أهلكناها وفي ظالمة } [ الحج : 45 ] الخ؛ إلا أن الأولى قصد منها كثرة الأمم التي أهلكت لئلا يتوهّم من ذكر قوم نوح ومَن عطف عليهم أن الهلاك لم يتجاوزهم ولذلك اقتصر فيها على ذكر الإهلاك دون الإمهال . وهذه الآية القصد منها التذكير بأنّ تأخير الوعيد لا يقتضي إبطاله ، ولذلك اقتصر فيها على ذكر الإمهال ثم الأخذِ بعده المناسب للإملاء من حيث إنه دخول في القْبضَة بعد بعده عنها .وأما عطف جملة { فكأين من قرية أهلكناها } [ الحج : 45 ] بالفاء وعطف جملة { وكأين من قرية أمليت لها وهي ظالمة } بالواو فلأن الجملة الأولى وقعت بدَلاً من جملة { فكيف كان نكير } [ الحج : 44 ] فقرنت بالفاء التي دخلت نظيرتُها على الجملة المبدَل منها ، وأما هذه الجملة الثانية فخليّة عن ذلك فعطفت بالحرف الأصلي للعطف .وجملة { وإليَّ المصير } تذييل ، أي مصير الناس كلهم إليّ . والمصير مِصدر ميمي ل ( صار ) بمعنى : رجع ، وهو رُجوع مجازي بمعنى الحصول في المكنة .وتقديم المجرور للحصر الحقيقي ، أي لا يصير الناس إلا إلى الله ، وهو يقتضي أنّ المصير إليه كائن لا محالة ، وهو المقصود من الحصر لأن الحصر يقتضي حصول الفعل بالأحرى فهو كناية عن عدم الإفلات .
{ وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا } أي: أمهلتها مدة طويلة { وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ } أي: مع ظلمهم، فلم يكن مبادرتهم بالظلم، موجبا لمبادرتنا بالعقوبة، { ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا } بالعذاب { وَإِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ } أي: مع عذابها في الدنيا، سترجع إلى الله، فيعذبها بذنوبها، فليحذر هؤلاء الظالمون من حلول عقاب الله، ولا يغتروا بالإمهال.
قوله تعالى : وكأين من قرية أمليت لها وهي ظالمة ثم أخذتها وإلي المصيرقوله تعالى : وكأين من قرية أمليت لها أي أمهلتها مع عتوها . ثم أخذتها أي بالعذاب . وإلي المصير .
In this world, if an individual or a community rebels against God, God catches hold of that individual or community. But God does not make haste to do so. Man may lose patience in a day, but God does not become impatient even for a thousand years. God may observe disobedience among people, yet gives them ample opportunity to reform themselves, if they are so inclined. God catches hold of wrongdoers only when they have finally proved that they are guilty and incorrigible. God treated people in this manner in the past and people of the future will also be treated according to His immutable method.
How the Day of Resurrection will be equal to one thousand years by our reckoning In this verseإِنَّ يَوْمًا عِندَ رَ‌بِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ (22:47) means that one day with your Lord is like one thousand years of what you count. This verse can be interpreted in two ways. The first meaning is that the verse refers to the Day of Resurrection and the events which will take place on that day will be so horrifying and of such extreme severity that the day will appear never to end, as if it was equal to one thousand years according to our reckoning. Many commentators have interpreted this verse accordingly. The other meaning of the verse is that the Day of Resurrection will in actual fact be so long that it will stretch up to one thousand years of this world. This view is supported by a saying of the Holy Prophet ﷺ as reported in Musnad of Ahmad and Tirmidhi on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ once addressed the poor people of the muhajirin (i.e. those who migrated from Makkah) and said, ` I give you good news about the full refulgence on the Day of Resurrection and that you will be admitted to heaven half a day before the rich and the wealthy, and a day in the Hereafter will be of one thousand years, hence the poor will enter the heaven five hundred years before the wealthy'. Tirmidhi has classified this hadith as 'hasan'. (Mazhari) A doubt and its explanation There is a verse in Surah Al-Ma'arij which says that the day with your Lord will be equal to fifty thousand years كَانَ مِقْدَارُ‌هُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ. (Whereof the measure is fifty thousand yours - 70:4) This can also be explained by applying either of the two explanations of the present verse and in the first case since every person will suffer different levels of severity, to some it will appear as if he has suffered pain for one thousand years, while to others the period will appear equal to fifty thousand years. If, however, the second explanation is applied to this verse, then there would appear to be a contradiction between the verses where one verse equates the Day of Resurrection to one thousand years and the other to fifty thousand years. But this so-called contradiction has been reconciled by Sayyidna Ashraf ` Ali Thanavi (رح))in his commentary Bayan ul-Qur'an, by saying that this difference may be due to different horizons. Just as we see in our world that the length of day and night is different on different horizons, (on zero latitude it is of 24 hours while at the latitude of 900 it is one year. Likewise it is possible that the length of the Day of Resurrection would be different on different horizons, and if its length right below the day line is one thousand years because of miraculously slow rotation of sun or earth), the areas falling 50 times far from it may have a day 50 times more in length. And Allah knows best.
(And how many a township) and how many a population of township (did I suffer long) I gave a reprieve from chastisement (though it was sinful!) though its population were idolaters and disbelievers. (Then I grasped it) I punished them in the life of this world. (Unto Me is the return) in the Hereafter.