«إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْجُلُوسَ عَلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ»
(Beware of sitting in the streets.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have no alternative but to sit in the streets to converse with one another." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«إِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ»
(If you insist, then give the street its rights.) They asked, "What are the rights of the street, O Messenger of Allah" He said,
«غَضُّ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَفُّ الْأَذَى، وَرَدُّ السَّلَامِ، وَالْأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ»
(Lower your gaze, return the greeting of Salam, enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil.) Abu Al-Qasim Al-Baghawi recorded that Abu Umamah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say:
«اكْفُلُوا لِي سِتًّا أَكْفُلْ لَكُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ: إِذَا حَدَّث أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَكْذِبْ، وَإِذَا ائْتُمِنَ فَلَا يَخُنْ،وَإِذَا وَعَدَ فَلَا يُخْلِفْ، وَغُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ، وَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ، وَاحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَكُمْ»
(Guarantee me six things and I will guarantee you Paradise: when any one of you speaks, he should not lie; if he is entrusted with something, he should not betray that trust; if he makes a promise, he should not break it; lower your gaze; restrain your hands; and protect your private parts.) Since looking provokes the heart to evil, Allah commanded (the believers) to protect their private parts just as he commanded them to protect their gaze which can lead to that. So he said:
قُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّواْ مِنْ أَبْصَـرِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُواْ فُرُوجَهُمْ
(Tell the believing men to lower their gaze, and protect their private parts.) Sometimes protecting the private parts may involve keeping them from committing Zina, as Allah says:
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَـفِظُونَ
(And those who guard their chastity) 23:5. Sometimes it may involve not looking at certain things, as in the Hadith in Musnad Ahmad and the Sunan:
«احْفَظْ عَوْرَتَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ زَوْجَتِكَ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ»
(Guard your private parts except from your wife and those whom your right hands possess.)
ذلِكَ أَزْكَى لَهُمْ
(That is purer for them.) means, it is purer for their hearts and better for their commitment to religion, as it was said: Whoever protects his gaze, Allah will illuminate his understanding, or his heart.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ
(Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what they do.) This is like the Ayah :
يَعْلَمُ خَآئِنَةَ الاٌّعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِى الصُّدُورُ
(Allah knows the fraud of the eyes and all that the breasts conceal.) 40:19 In the Sahih it is recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«كُتِبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظُّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ، فَزِنَا الْعَيْنَيْنِ النَّظَرُ، وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ، وَزِنَا الْأُذُنَيْنِ الْاسْتِمَاعُ، وَزِنَا الْيَدَيْنِ الْبَطْشُ، وَزِنَا الرِّجْلَيْنِ الْخُطَى، وَالنَّفْسُ تَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي، وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ»
(The son of Adam has his share of Zina decreed for him, and he will commit that which has been decreed. The Zina of the eyes is looking; the Zina of the tongue is speaking; the Zina of the ears is listening; the Zina of the hands is striking; and the Zina of the feet is walking. The soul wishes and desires, and the private parts confirm or deny that.) It was recorded by Al-Bukhari without a complete chain. Muslim recorded a similar report with a different chain of narration. Many of the Salaf said, "They used to forbid men from staring at beardless handsome boys. "
Tell believing men to lower their gaze from what is unlawful for them to look at min of min absārihim ‘their gaze’ is extra and to guard their private parts from doing with them what is unlawful for them to do. That is purer in other words better for them. Truly God is Aware of what they do with their gazes and private parts and He will requite them for it.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes.That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him.He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, �Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!� Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval.One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, �He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.�Junayd said, �You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.� When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside.Ruwaym, �Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.�Junayd, �Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.�Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
قل - أيها النبي - للمؤمنين يَغُضُّوا مِن أبصارهم عمَّا لا يحلُّ لهم من النساء والعورات، ويحفظوا فروجهم عمَّا حَرَّم الله من الزنى واللواط، وكشف العورات، ونحو ذلك، ذلك أطهر لهم. إن الله خبير بما يصنعون فيما يأمرهم به وينهاهم عنه.
هذا أمر من الله تعالى لعباده المؤمنين أن يغضوا من أبصارهم عما حرم عليهم فلا ينظروا إلا إلى ما أباح لهم النظر إليه وأن يغمضوا أبصارهم عن المحارم فإن اتفق أن وقع البصر على محرم من غير قصد فليصرف بصره عنه سريعا كما رواه مسلم في صحيحه من حديث يونس بن عبيد عن عمرو بن سعيد عن أبي زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير عن جده جرير بن عبدالله البجلي رضي الله عنه قال: سألت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن نظرة الفجأة فأمرني أن أصرف بصري. وكذا رواه الامام أحمد عن هشيم عن يونس بن عبيد به ورواه أبو داود والترمذي والنسائي من حديثه أيضا وقال الترمذي حسن صحيح وفي رواية لبعضهم فقال "أطرق بصرك" يعنى انظر إلى الأرض والصرف أعم فإنه قد يكون إلى الأرض وإلى جهة أخرى والله أعلم. وقال أبو داود حدثنا إسماعيل بن موسى الفزاري حدثنا شريك عن أبي ربيعة الأيادي عن عبدالله بن بريدة عن أبيه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لعلى "يا علي لا تتبع النظرة النظرة فإن لك الأولى وليس لك الآخرة" ورواه الترمذي من حديث شريك وقال: غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديثه وفي الصحيح عن أبي سعيد قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إياكم والجلوس على الطرقات" قالوا يا رسول الله لا بد لنا من مجالسنا نتحدث فيها فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن أبيتم فأعطوا الطريق حقه". قالوا وما حق الطريق يا رسول الله؟ - قال: "غض البصر وكف الأذى ورد السلام والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر" وقال أبو القاسم البغوي حدثنا طالوت بن عباد حدثنا فضيل بن حسين سمعت أبا أمامة يقول سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: "اكفلوا لي بست أكفل لكم بالجنة إذا حدث أحدكم فلا يكذب وإذا أؤتمن فلا يخن وإذا وعد فلا يخلف وغضوا أبصاركم وكفوا أيديكم واحفظوا فروجكم". وفي صحيح البخاري "من يكفل لي ما بين لحييه وما بين رجليه أكفل له الجنة" وقال عبد الرزاق أنبأنا معمر عن أيوب عن ابن سيرين عن عبيدة قال: كل ما عصي الله به فهو كبيرة وقد ذكر الطرفين فقال "قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم" ولما كان النظر داعية إلى فساد القلب كما قال بعض السلف: النظر سهم سم إلى القلب. ولذلك أمر الله بحفظ الفروج كما أمر بحفظ الأبصار التي هي بواعث إلى ذلك فقال تعالي " قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم ويحفظوا فروجهم" وحفظ الفرج تارة يكون بمنعه من الزنا كما قال تعالى "والذين هم لفروجهم حافظون" الآية وتارة يكون بحفظه من النظر إليه كما جاء في الحديث في مسند أحمد والسنن "احفظ عورتك إلا من زوجتك أو ما ملكت يمينك" "ذلك أزكى لهم" أي أطهر لقلوبهم واتقى لدينهم كما قيل من حفظ بصره أورثه الله نورا في بصيرته ويروي فى قلبه. وروى الإمام أحمد حدثنا عتاب حدثنا عبدالله بن المبارك أخبرنا يحيي بن أيوب عن عبيد الله بن زحر عن على بن زيد عن القاسم عن أبي أمامة " عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "ما من مسلم ينظر إلى محاسن امرأة ثم يغض بصره إلا أخلف الله له عبادة يجد حلاوتها" وروي هذا مرفوعا عن ابن عمر وحذيفة وعائشة رضي الله عنهم ولكن في أسانيدها ضعف إلا أنها في الترغيب ومثله يتسامح فيه وفي الطبراني من طريق عبيد الله بن يزيد عن علي بن يزيد عن القاسم عن أبي أمامة مرفوعا "لتغضن أبصاركم ولتحفظن فروجكم ولتقيمن وجوهكم أو لتكسفن وجوهكم" وقال الطبراني: حدثنا أحمد بن زهير التستري قال: قرأنا على محمد بن حفص بن عمر الضرير المقري حدثنا يحيي بن أبي بكير حدثنا هريم بن سفيان عن عبدالرحمن بن إسحاق عن القاسم بن عبدالرحمن عن أبيه عن عبدالله بن مسعود " قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن النظر سهم من سهام إبليس مسموم من تركها مخافتي أبدلته إيمانا يجد حلاوتها في قلبه" وقوله تعالى "إن الله خبير بما يصنعون" كما قال تعالى "يعلم خائنة الأعين وما تخفي الصدور" وفى الصحيح عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "كتب على ابن آدم حظه من الزنا أدرك ذلك لا محالة فزنا العينين النظر وزنا اللسان النطق وزنا الأذنين الاستماع وزنا اليدين البطش وزنا الرجلين الخطى والنفس تمني وتشتهي والفرج يصدق ذلك أو يكذبه" رواه البخاري تعليقا ومسلم مسندا من وجه آخر بنحو ما ذكر. وقد قال كثير من السلف إنهم كانوا ينهون أن يحد الرجل نظره إلى الأمرد وقد شدد كثير من أئمة الصوفية في ذلك وحرمه طائفة من أهل العلم لما فيه من الافتتان وشدد آخرون في ذلك كثيرا جدا. وقال ابن أبي الدنيا حدثنا أبو سعيد المدني حدثنا عمر بن سهل المازني حدثني عمر بن محمد بن صهبان عن صفوان بن سليم عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "كل عين باكية يوم القيامة إلا عينا غضت عن محارم الله وعينا سهرت فى سبيل الله وعينا يخرج منها مثل رأس الذباب من خشية الله عز وجل".
وبعد أن نهى - سبحانه - عن دخول البيوت بدون استئذان . أتبع ذلك بالأمر بغض البصر ، وحفظ الفرج ، وعدم إبداء الزينة إلى فى الحدود المشروعة ، فقال - تعالى - : ( قُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ . . . ) .قال الآلوسى : قوله - تعالى - ( قُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّواْ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ . . . ) شروع فى بيان أحكام كلية شاملة للمؤمنين كافة ، يندرج فيها حكم المستأذنين عند دخول البيوت اندراجا أوليا .وقوله - تعالى - : ( يَغُضُّواْ ) من الغض بمعنى الخفض . يقال : غض الرجل صوته إذا خفضه . وغض بصره إذا خفضه ومنعه من التطلع إلى مالا يحل له النظر إليه . قال الشاعر :وأغض طرفى إن بدت لى جارتى ... حتى يوارى جارتى مأواهاوهو جواب الأمر " قل " أى : قل - أيها الرسول الكريم - للمؤمنين بأن يغضوا من أبصارهم عما يحرم أو يكره النظر إليه وبأن يحفظوا فروجهم عما لا يحل لهم ، فإن ذلك دليل على كمال الإيمان! وعلى حسن المراقبة وشدة الخوف من الله - تعالى - .وجمع - سبحانه - بين غض البصر وحفظ الفرج ، باعتبارهما كالسبب والنتيجة ، إذ أن عدم غض البصر كثيرا ما يؤدى إلى الوقوع فى الفواحش ، ولذا قدم - سبحانه - الأمر بغض البصر ، على الأمر بحفظ الفرج .وجاء التعبير بقوله - سبحانه - ( قُلْ ) للإشعار بأن المؤمنين الصادقين ، من شأنهم إذا ما أمرهم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بأمر ، فإنهم سرعان ما يمتثلون ويطيعون ، لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم مبلغ عن الله - تعالى - الذى يجب الامتثال لأمره ونهيه .وخص - سبحانه - المؤمنين بهذا الأمر ، لأنهم أولى الناس بالمخاطبة . وبالإرشاد إلى ما يرفع درجاتهم ، ويعلى أقدارهم .قال صاحب الكشاف : و " من " للتبعيض . . . فإن قلت : كيف دخلت فى غض البصر ، دون حفظ الفروج؟ قلت : للدلالة على أن أمر النظر أوسع ألا ترى أن المحارم لا بأس بالنظر إلى شعورهن . . . والأجنبية ينظر إلى وجهها وكفيها . . . وأما أمر الفرج فمضيق .واسم الإشارة فى قوله - تعالى - : ( ذلك أزكى لَهُمْ ) يعود إلى ما ذكر من الغض والحفظ .أى : ذلك الذى كلفناك بأمر المؤمنين به - أيها الرسول الكريم - أزكى لقلوبهم ، وأطهر لنفوسهم ، وأنفع لهم فى دنياهم وآخرتهم .وقوله - سبحانه - : ( إِنَّ الله خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ ) تحذير من مخالفة أمره - سبحانه - .أى : مرهم - أيها الرسول الكريم - بالتزام ما أمرناهم به وما نهيناهم عنه ، لأننا لا يخفى علينا شىء من تصرفاتهم ، ولأننا أعلم بهم من أنفسهم ، وسنحاسبهم على ما يصنعون فى دنياهم ، يوم القيامة .
يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: ( قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ) بالله وبك يا محمد ( يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ ) يقول: يكفوا من نظرهم إلى ما يشتهون النظر إليه، مما قد نهاهم الله عن النظر إليه ( وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ) أن يراها من لا يحلّ له رؤيتها، بلبس ما يسترها عن أبصارهم ( ذَلِكَ أَزْكَى لَهُمْ ) يقول: فإن غضها من النظر عما لا يحلّ النظر إليه، وحفظ الفرج عن أن يظهر لأبصار الناظرين؛ أطهر لهم عند الله وأفضل ( إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ ) يقول: إن الله ذو خبرة بما تصنعون أيها الناس فيما أمركم به من غض أبصاركم عما أمركم بالغضّ عنه، وحفظ فروجكم عن إظهارها لمن نهاكم عن إظهارها له.وبنحو ما قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.*ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني عليّ بن سهل الرملي، قال: ثنا حجاج، قال: ثنا أبو جعفر، عن الربيع بن أنس، عن أبي العالية في قوله: ( قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ) قال: كل فرج ذُكِرَ حِفْظُهُ في القرآن فهو من الزنا إلا هذه وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ فإنه يعني الستر.حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ) وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ قال: يغضوا أبصارهم عما يكره الله.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ ) قال: يغضّ من بصره: أن ينظر إلى ما لا يحلّ له، إذا رأى ما لا يحلّ له غضّ من بصره لا ينظر إليه، ولا يستطيع أحد أن يغضّ بصره كله، إنما قال الله: ( قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ ).
قوله - عز وجل - : ( قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم ) أي : عن النظر إلى ما لا يحل النظر إليه . وقيل : " من " صلة أي : يغضوا أبصارهم . وقيل : هو ثابت لأن المؤمنين غير مأمورين بغض البصر أصلا لأنه لا يجب الغض عما يحل النظر إليه ، وإنما أمروا بأن يغضوا عما لا يحل النظر إليه ، ( ويحفظوا فروجهم ) عما لا يحل ، قال أبو العالية : كل ما في القرآن من حفظ الفرج فهو عن الزنا والحرام ، إلا في هذا الموضع فإنه أراد به الاستتار حتى لا يقع بصر الغير عليه ، ( ذلك ) أي : غض البصر وحفظ الفرج ، ( أزكى لهم ) أي : خير لهم وأطهر ، ( إن الله خبير بما يصنعون ) عليم بما يفعلون ، روي عن بريدة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لعلي : " يا علي لا تتبع النظرة النظرة فإن لك الأولى وليست لك الآخرة " .وروي عن جرير بن عبد الله قال : سألت النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن نظرة الفجأة فقال : " اصرف بصرك " . أخبرنا إسماعيل بن عبد القاهر ، أخبرنا عبد الغافر بن محمد ، حدثنا محمد بن عيسى الجلودي ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن سفيان ، حدثنا مسلم بن الحجاج ، أخبرنا أبو بكر بن أبي شيبة ، أخبرنا زيد بن الحباب ، عن الضحاك بن عثمان قال : أخبرني زيد بن أسلم ، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن أبيه أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " لا ينظر الرجل إلى عورة الرجل ، ولا المرأة إلى عورة المرأة ، ولا يفضي الرجل إلى الرجل في ثوب واحد ، ولا تفضي المرأة إلى المرأة في ثوب واحد " .
قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ذَلِكَ أَزْكَى لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ (30) أعقب حكم الاستئذان ببيان آداب ما تقتضيه المجالسة بعد الدخول وهو أن لا يكون الداخل إلى البيت محدقاً بصره إلى امرأة فيه بل إذا جالسته المرأة غض بصره واقتصر على الكلام ولا ينظر إليها إلا النظر الذي يعسر صرفه .ولما كان الغض التام لا يمكن جيء في الآية بحرف { من } الذي هو للتبعيض إيماء إلى ذلك إذ من المفهوم أن المأمور بالغض فيه هو ما لا يليق تحديق النظر إليه وذلك يتذكره المسلم من استحضاره أحكام الحلال والحرام في هذا الشأن فيعلم أن غض البصر مراتب : منه واجب ومنه دون ذلك ، فيشمل غض البصر عما اعتاد الناس كراهية التحقق فيه كالنظر إلى خبايا المنازل ، بخلاف ما ليس كذلك فقد جاء في حديث عمر بن الخطاب حين دخل مشربة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم « فرفعت بصري إلى السقف فرأيت أهَبَةً معلقة » .وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لعلي : « لا تتبع النظرة النظرة فإنما لك الأولى وليست لك الثانية » .وفي هذا الأمر بالغض أدب شرعي عظيم في مباعدة النفس عن التطلع إلى ما عسى أن يوقعها في الحرام أو ما عسى أن يكلفها صبراً شديداً عليها .والغض : صرف المرء بصره عن التحديق وتثبيت النظر . ويكون من الحياء كما قال عنترة: ... وأغض طرفي حين تبدو جارتيحتى يواري جارتي مأواها ... ويكون من مذلة كما قال جرير: ... فغض الطرف إنك من نميرومادة الغض تفيد معنى الخفض والنقص .والأمر بحفظ الفروج عقب الأمر بالغض من الأبصار لأن النظر رائد الزنى . فلما كان ذريعة له قصد المتذرع إليه بالحفظ تنبيهاً على المبالغة في غض الأبصار في محاسن النساء . فالمراد بحفظ الفروج حفظها من أن تباشر غير ما أباحه الدين .واسم الإشارة إلى المذكور ، أي ذلك المذكور من غض الأبصار وحفظ الفروج .واسم التفضيل بقوله : { أزكى } مسلوب المفاضلة . والمراد تقوية تلك التزكية لأن ذلك جنة من ارتكاب ذنوب عظيمة .وذيل بجملة : { إن الله خبير بما يصنعون } لأنه كناية عن جزاء ما يتضمنه الأمر من الغض والحفظ لأن المقصد من الأمر الامتثال .
أي: أرشد المؤمنين، وقل لهم: الذين معهم إيمان، يمنعهم من وقوع ما يخل بالإيمان: { يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ } عن النظر إلى العورات وإلى النساء الأجنبيات، وإلى المردان، الذين يخاف بالنظر إليهم الفتنة، وإلى زينة الدنيا التي تفتن، وتوقع في المحذور. { وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ } عن الوطء الحرام، في قبل أو دبر، أو ما دون ذلك، وعن التمكين من مسها، والنظر إليها. { ذَلِكَ } الحفظ للأبصار والفروج { أَزْكَى لَهُمْ } أطهر وأطيب، وأنمى لأعمالهم، فإن من حفظ فرجه وبصره، طهر من الخبث الذي يتدنس به أهل الفواحش، وزكت أعماله، بسبب ترك المحرم، الذي تطمع إليه النفس وتدعو إليه، فمن ترك شيئا لله، عوضه الله خيرا منه، ومن غض بصره عن المحرم، أنار الله بصيرته، ولأن العبد إذا حفظ فرجه وبصره عن الحرام ومقدماته، مع داعي الشهوة، كان حفظه لغيره أبلغ، ولهذا سماه الله حفظا، فالشيء المحفوظ إن لم يجتهد حافظه في مراقبته وحفظه، وعمل الأسباب الموجبة لحفظه، لم ينحفظ، كذلك البصر والفرج، إن لم يجتهد العبد في حفظهما، أوقعاه في بلايا ومحن، وتأمل كيف أمر بحفظ الفرج مطلقا، لأنه لا يباح في حالة من الأحوال، وأما البصر فقال: { يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ } أتى بأداة " من "" الدالة على التبعيض، فإنه يجوز النظر في بعض الأحوال لحاجة، كنظر الشاهد والعامل والخاطب، ونحو ذلك. ثم ذكرهم بعلمه بأعمالهم، ليجتهدوا في حفظ أنفسهم من المحرمات."
قوله تعالى : قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم ويحفظوا فروجهم ذلك أزكى لهم إن الله خبير بما يصنعونفيه سبع مسائل : الأولى : قوله تعالى : قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم وصل تعالى بذكر الستر ما يتعلق به من أمر النظر ؛ يقال : غض بصره يغضه غضا ؛ قال الشاعر :فغض الطرف إنك من نمير فلا كعبا بلغت ولا كلاباوقال عنترة :وأغض طرفي ما بدت لي جارتي حتى يواري جارتي مأواهاولم يذكر الله تعالى ما يغض البصر عنه ويحفظ الفرج ، غير أن ذلك معلوم بالعادة ، وأن المراد منه المحرم دون المحلل . وفي البخاري : ( وقال سعيد بن أبي الحسن للحسن إن نساء العجم يكشفن صدورهن ورءوسهن ؟ قال : اصرف بصرك ؛ يقول الله تعالى : قل للمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارهم ويحفظوا فروجهم وقال قتادة : عما لا يحل لهم ؛ وقل للمؤمنات يغضضن من أبصارهن ويحفظن فروجهن خائنة الأعين من النظر إلى ما نهي عنه .الثانية : قوله تعالى : من أبصارهم من زائدة ؛ كقوله : فما منكم من أحد عنه حاجزين . وقيل : من للتبعيض ؛ لأن من النظر ما يباح . وقيل : الغض النقصان ؛ [ ص: 206 ] يقال : غض فلان من فلان أي وضع منه ؛ فالبصر إذا لم يمكن من عمله فهو موضوع منه ومنقوص . ف ( من ) صلة للغض ، وليست للتبعيض ولا للزيادة .الثالثة : البصر هو الباب الأكبر إلى القلب ، وأعمر طرق الحواس إليه ، وبحسب ذلك كثر السقوط من جهته . ووجب التحذير منه ، وغضه واجب عن جميع المحرمات ، وكل ما يخشى الفتنة من أجله ؛ وقد قال : صلى الله عليه وسلم - : إياكم والجلوس على الطرقات فقالوا : يا رسول الله ، ما لنا من مجالسنا بد نتحدث فيها . فقال : فإذا أبيتم إلا المجلس فأعطوا الطريق حقه قالوا : وما حق الطريق يا رسول الله ؟ قال : غض البصر ، وكف الأذى ، ورد السلام ، والأمر بالمعروف ، والنهي عن المنكر . رواه أبو سعيد الخدري ، خرجه البخاري ، ومسلم . وقال : صلى الله عليه وسلم - لعلي : لا تتبع النظرة النظرة فإنما لك الأولى وليست لك الثانية . وروى الأوزاعي قال : حدثني هارون بن رئاب أن غزوان ، وأبا موسى الأشعري كانا في بعض مغازيهم ، فكشفت جارية فنظر إليها غزوان ، فرفع يده فلطم عينه حتى نفرت ، فقال : إنك للحاظة إلى ما يضرك ولا ينفعك ؛ فلقي أبا موسى فسأله فقال : ظلمت عينك ، فاستغفر الله وتب ، فإن لها أول نظرة وعليها ما كان بعد ذلك . قال الأوزاعي : وكان غزوان ملك نفسه فلم يضحك حتى مات - رضي الله عنه - . وفي صحيح مسلم ، عن جرير بن عبد الله قال : سألت رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن نظرة الفجاءة ؛ فأمرني أن أصرف بصري . وهذا يقوي قول من يقول : إن من للتبعيض ؛ لأن النظرة الأولى لا تملك فلا تدخل تحت خطاب تكليف ، إذ وقوعها لا يتأتى أن يكون مقصودا ، فلا تكون مكتسبة فلا يكون مكلفا بها ؛ فوجب التبعيض لذلك ، ولم يقل ذلك في الفرج ؛ لأنها تملك . ولقد كره الشعبي أن يديم الرجل النظر إلى ابنته أو أمه أو أخته ؛ وزمانه خير من زماننا هذا وحرام على الرجل أن ينظر إلى ذات محرمة نظر شهوة يرددها .الرابعة : قوله تعالى : ويحفظوا فروجهم أي يستروها عن أن يراها من لا يحل .[ ص: 207 ] وقيل : ويحفظوا فروجهم أي عن الزنا ؛ وعلى هذا القول لو قال : ( من فروجهم ) لجاز . والصحيح أن الجميع مراد واللفظ عام . وروى بهز بن حكيم بن معاوية القشيري ، عن أبيه ، عن جده قال : قلت يا رسول الله ، عوراتنا ما نأتي منها وما نذر ؟ قال : احفظ عورتك إلا من زوجتك أو ما ملكت يمينك . قال : الرجل يكون مع الرجل ؟ قال : إن استطعت ألا يراها فافعل . قلت : فالرجل يكون خاليا ؟ فقال : الله أحق أن يستحيا منه من الناس . وقد ذكرت عائشة - رضي الله عنها - رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وحالها معه فقالت : ما رأيت ذلك منه ، ولا رأى ذلك مني .الخامسة : بهذه الآية حرم العلماء نصا دخول الحمام بغير مئزر . وقد روي عن ابن عمر أنه قال : أطيب ما أنفق الرجل درهم يعطيه للحمام في خلوة . وصح عن ابن عباس أنه دخل الحمام وهو محرم بالجحفة . فدخوله جائز للرجال بالمآزر ، وكذلك النساء للضرورة كغسلهن من الحيض ، أو النفاس ، أو مرض يلحقهن ؛ والأولى بهن والأفضل لهن غسلهن إن أمكن ذلك في بيوتهن ، فقد روى أحمد بن منيع ، حدثنا الحسن بن موسى ، حدثنا ابن لهيعة ، حدثنا زبان ، عن سهل بن معاذ ، عن أبيه ، عن أم الدرداء أنه سمعها تقول : لقيني رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وقد خرجت من الحمام فقال : من أين يا أم الدرداء ؟ فقالت من الحمام ؛ فقال : والذي نفسي بيده ما من امرأة تضع ثيابها في غير بيت أحد من أمهاتها إلا وهي هاتكة كل ستر بينها وبين الرحمن - عز وجل - . وخرج أبو بكر البزار ، عن طاوس ، عن ابن عباس - رضي الله عنهما - قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : احذروا بيتا يقال له الحمام . قالوا : يا رسول الله ، ينقي الوسخ ؟ قال : فاستتروا . قال أبو محمد عبد الحق : هذا أصح إسناد حديث في هذا الباب ؛ على أن الناس [ ص: 208 ] يرسلونه عن طاوس ، وأما ما خرجه أبو داود في هذا من الحظر والإباحة فلا يصح منه شيء لضعف الأسانيد ، وكذلك ما خرجه الترمذي .قلت : أما دخول الحمام في هذه الأزمان فحرام على أهل الفضل والدين ؛ لغلبة الجهل على الناس واستسهالهم إذا توسطوا الحمام رمي مآزرهم ، حتى يرى الرجل البهي ذو الشيبة قائما منتصبا وسط الحمام وخارجه باديا عن عورته ضاما بين فخذيه ولا أحد يغير عليه . هذا أمر بين الرجال فكيف من النساء ! لا سيما بالديار المصرية إذ حماماتهم خالية عن المظاهر التي هي من أعين الناس سواتر ، ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله العلي العظيم .السادسة : قال العلماء : فإن استتر فليدخل بعشرة شروط :الأول : ألا يدخل إلا بنية التداوي أو بنية التطهير عن الرحضاء .الثاني : أن يعتمد أوقات الخلوة أو قلة الناس .الثالث : أن يستر عورته بإزار صفيق .الرابع : أن يكون نظره إلى الأرض أو يستقبل الحائط لئلا يقع بصره على محظور .الخامس : أن يغير ما يرى من منكر برفق ، يقول : استتر سترك الله ! .السادس : إن دلكه أحد لا يمكنه من عورته ، من سرته إلى ركبته إلا امرأته أو جاريته .وقد اختلف في الفخذين هل هما عورة أم لا ؟ .السابع : أن يدخله بأجرة معلومة بشرط أو بعادة الناس .الثامن : أن يصب الماء على قدر الحاجة .التاسع : إن لم يقدر على دخوله وحده اتفق مع قوم يحفظون أديانهم على كرائه .العاشر : أن يتذكر به جهنم . فإن لم يمكنه ذلك كله فليستتر وليجتهد في غض البصر .ذكر الترمذي أبو عبد الله في نوادر الأصول من حديث طاوس ، عن عبد الله بن عباس قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : اتقوا بيتا يقال له الحمام . قيل : يا رسول الله ، إنه يذهب به الوسخ ويذكر النار فقال : إن كنتم لا بد فاعلين فادخلوه مستترين . وخرج من حديث أبي هريرة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : نعم البيت يدخله الرجل المسلم بيت الحمام - وذلك لأنه إذا دخله سأل الله الجنة واستعاذ به من النار - وبئس البيت يدخله الرجل بيت العروس . وذلك لأنه يرغبه [ ص: 209 ] في الدنيا وينسيه الآخرة . قال أبو عبد الله : فهذا لأهل الغفلة ، صير الله هذه الدنيا بما فيها سببا للذكر لأهل الغفلة ليذكروا بها آخرتهم ؛ فأما أهل اليقين فقد صارت الآخرة نصب أعينهم ، فلا بيت حمام يزعجه ولا بيت عروس يستفزه ، لقد دقت الدنيا بما فيها من الصنفين والضربين في جنب الآخرة ، حتى أن جميع نعيم الدنيا في أعينهم كنثارة الطعام من مائدة عظيمة ، وجميع شدائد الدنيا في أعينهم كتفلة عوقب بها مجرم أو مسيء قد كان استوجب القتل أو الصلب من جميع عقوبات أهل الدنيا .السابعة : قوله تعالى : ذلك أزكى لهم أي غض البصر وحفظ الفرج أطهر في الدين وأبعد من دنس الأنام . إن الله خبير أي عالم . بما يصنعون تهديد ووعيد .
By way of guidance as to how men and women should behave at home and in society, two basic injunctions have been given here—one defines that portion of the body which must be covered (satr), while the other advises that the eyes should be cast down. That portion of a male’s body, which is required to be kept covered at all times, is from the navel down to the knees, including the knees. This is satr, which is obligatory before all except one’s wife, or where some need arises by which prohibitions are relaxed, for instance, in the case of medical examinations. The second important thing is that when a man and a woman happen to confront each other, the man should keep his eyes cast down. A casual meeting between a man and a woman who are not married or who are not very close relatives, should never be as informal as that between any two men. During any casual meeting between a man and a woman, the man should keep his eyes down and if a man happens to accidentally cast a glance at an unknown woman, he should immediately direct his gaze elsewhere and should not deliberately look at her again. The instructions about looking down and concealing the private parts of the body are also applicable to women, as is made clear in the next verse (Verse 31).
Commentary
An important chapter for the prevention of obscenity and security of chastity: Hijab for women
The very first verses on the subject of hijab for women are the ones which were revealed in Surah Ahzab at the time of marriage of the mother of the believers Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahash ؓ with the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Some have given the date of revelation of these verses as 3rd Hijra while others say it was 5th Hijra. Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Nail Al-Autar have given preference to the latter date, while Ruh ul-Mani has reported on the authority of Sayyidna Anas ؓ that this marriage was solemnized in Dhulqa'dah 5th Hijra. But it is an agreed position that the first verse on Hijab was revealed on this occasion. As for the above referred verses of Surah an-Nur, they were revealed at the time of incident of Ifk, which had happened on return from the battle of Bani Mustaliq or Muraisi`. This battle had taken place in the 6th Hijra. Hence, it is clear from the revelation point of view that Surah An-Nur's verses on hijab were revealed later, and Surah Ahzab's four verses were revealed earlier, and that the practice on the injunction of hijab had started when the verses of Surah Alhzab were revealed. The subject of hijab will be discussed Insh’ Allah in detail under Surah Ahzab. Here the explanation will be restricted to only those verses which appear in Surah an-Nur.
قُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ ﴿30﴾
Say to the believing men that they must lower their gazes andguard their private parts; it is more decent for them. Surely Allah is All-Aware of what they do. (24:30)
The word يَغُضُّ (yaghuddu) is derived from غضّ (ghadd), which means to bring down or to lower, (Raghib) lowering of eyes or to keep eyes down as enjoined in the verse, means to turn the eyes from something which is prohibited to be seen by Shari` ah (Ibn Kathir). Ibn Hibban has given the explanation that to look at a non-Mahram woman with intent to have (sexual) pleasure is totally prohibited, and to look without any such motive is makruh (undesirable). To look at any woman's or man's private parts of the body is included in this explanation (except in case of dire necessity, such as medical examination). Peeping into anyone's house with the intent of finding out his secrets, and all such acts where looking is prohibited by Shari` ah are all included in the injunction. (24:30)
وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ Protection of private parts is purported to express that all possible situations of satisfying unlawful sexual desires be guarded against. In this, adultery, sodomy, lesbian act, masturbation and all such acts that fulfill unlawful lust and passions are prohibited. The purpose of the verse is to prohibit all illicit acts for fulfilling unlawful passions. For this purpose the initial and the ultimate acts have been mentioned rather clearly, and all those actions which fall in between them are also included in the prohibition. For unlawful sexual passion the very first act is casting eye with bad motive and its ultimate result is adultery. Both these acts have been mentioned clearly and are prohibited. All other acts falling in between, such as touching hands or having conversation, are included by implication.
Ibn Kathir has related Sayyidna ` Ubaidah ؓ having said . کُلّ ما عصی اللہ بہ فھو کبیرۃ وقد ذکر الطفین that is ` Any act done in disobedience to Allah is a major sin, but the initial and ultimate acts are mentioned at the two ends of the verse'. The initial act is to cast eye, and the ultimate is adultery. Tabarani has quoted Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ once said:
النظر سھم من سھام ابلیس مسموم من ترکھا مخافتی ابدلتہ ایمانا یجد حلاوۃ فی قلبہ (از ابن کثیر)
` Casting eye is a poisonous arrow among the arrows of Satan. Whoever turns away his eye fearing from Me (despite demand of the heart), I will give him such strong faith, the delight of which he will feel in his heart'. (Ibn Kathir)
It is reported in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Sayyidna Jarir Ibn ` Abdullah al-Bajali ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ has advised what should one do if by chance one's eye is cast on a non-Mahram woman. He has quoted the Holy Prophet ﷺ as saying ` Turn away your eyes from there'. (Ibn Kathir). Sayyidna Ali ؓ has said that first sight is forgivable, but casting eye a second time is sin. Both versions are alike, that is, if one casts his eye by chance without intention, it is forgiven being not intentional, otherwise it is prohibited to cast the eye intentionally, even the first time.
To stare intentionally at boys having no beard also falls within this ruling
Ibn Kathir has reported that many elders of the Ummah used to forbid forcefully staring at young boys (having no beard), and many scholars have declared it as forbidden (Perhaps it is in a situation when one looks with bad intention and passionate desire. God knows best)
Allah then commanded them to protect their gaze and chastity, saying: (Tell the believing men) O Muhammad (to lower their gaze) from that which is unlawful (and be modest) and also refrain from unlawful sexual intercourse. (That) protecting their gaze and chastity (is purer for them) is better and more akin to righteousness as far as they are concerned. (Lo! Allah is Aware of what they do) of good and evil.
Say to the believing men to lower their gaze�That is, avert your gaze from that which God, Exalted is He, has forbidden you. This means to avoid any look that lacks a sense of honour. It is related from ʿUbāda b. Ṣāmit that the Prophet said, �If you can safeguard six things, I will guarantee for you entry into Paradise: be truthful when you speak; fulfil whatever you promise; carry out what has been entrusted to you [to do]; keep your chastity; lower your gaze; and refrain from doing harm to anyone.� It is reported that Ibn ʿUmar y was asked, �Did the Messenger of God ever look around during the prayer?� He answered, �Not even outside the prayer [did he look around].�His words:
«إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْجُلُوسَ عَلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ»
(Beware of sitting in the streets.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have no alternative but to sit in the streets to converse with one another." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«إِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ»
(If you insist, then give the street its rights.) They asked, "What are the rights of the street, O Messenger of Allah" He said,
«غَضُّ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَفُّ الْأَذَى، وَرَدُّ السَّلَامِ، وَالْأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ»
(Lower your gaze, return the greeting of Salam, enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil.) Abu Al-Qasim Al-Baghawi recorded that Abu Umamah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say:
«اكْفُلُوا لِي سِتًّا أَكْفُلْ لَكُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ: إِذَا حَدَّث أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَكْذِبْ، وَإِذَا ائْتُمِنَ فَلَا يَخُنْ،وَإِذَا وَعَدَ فَلَا يُخْلِفْ، وَغُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ، وَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ، وَاحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَكُمْ»
(Guarantee me six things and I will guarantee you Paradise: when any one of you speaks, he should not lie; if he is entrusted with something, he should not betray that trust; if he makes a promise, he should not break it; lower your gaze; restrain your hands; and protect your private parts.) Since looking provokes the heart to evil, Allah commanded (the believers) to protect their private parts just as he commanded them to protect their gaze which can lead to that. So he said:
قُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّواْ مِنْ أَبْصَـرِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُواْ فُرُوجَهُمْ
(Tell the believing men to lower their gaze, and protect their private parts.) Sometimes protecting the private parts may involve keeping them from committing Zina, as Allah says:
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَـفِظُونَ
(And those who guard their chastity) 23:5. Sometimes it may involve not looking at certain things, as in the Hadith in Musnad Ahmad and the Sunan:
«احْفَظْ عَوْرَتَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ زَوْجَتِكَ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ»
(Guard your private parts except from your wife and those whom your right hands possess.)
ذلِكَ أَزْكَى لَهُمْ
(That is purer for them.) means, it is purer for their hearts and better for their commitment to religion, as it was said: Whoever protects his gaze, Allah will illuminate his understanding, or his heart.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ
(Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what they do.) This is like the Ayah :
يَعْلَمُ خَآئِنَةَ الاٌّعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِى الصُّدُورُ
(Allah knows the fraud of the eyes and all that the breasts conceal.) 40:19 In the Sahih it is recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«كُتِبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظُّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ، فَزِنَا الْعَيْنَيْنِ النَّظَرُ، وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ، وَزِنَا الْأُذُنَيْنِ الْاسْتِمَاعُ، وَزِنَا الْيَدَيْنِ الْبَطْشُ، وَزِنَا الرِّجْلَيْنِ الْخُطَى، وَالنَّفْسُ تَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي، وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ»
(The son of Adam has his share of Zina decreed for him, and he will commit that which has been decreed. The Zina of the eyes is looking; the Zina of the tongue is speaking; the Zina of the ears is listening; the Zina of the hands is striking; and the Zina of the feet is walking. The soul wishes and desires, and the private parts confirm or deny that.) It was recorded by Al-Bukhari without a complete chain. Muslim recorded a similar report with a different chain of narration. Many of the Salaf said, "They used to forbid men from staring at beardless handsome boys. "
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him. He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, “Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!” Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval. One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, “He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.” Junayd said, “You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.” When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside. Ruwaym, “Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.” Junayd, “Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.” Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes.That is, the eyes of the heads from forbidden things and the eyes of the hearts from everything other than Him.He commands the faithful to turn the eyes of the head away from forbidden things and the eye of the secret core from everything less than the Real. They should throw the dust of nonbeing into the eyes of their own being, and from the tablet of their existence they should read out reproach to the deceiving soul. Because of the pain of his own being, MuḤammad the Arab, the unique pearl of the oceans of messengerhood and the centerpiece of the necklace of evidence, used to lament, �Would that the Lord of MuḤammad had never created MuḤammad!� Those who were the pre- ceders, the truthful, and the wayfarers of the road never paid the slightest attention to themselves. They were not happy with their own being and did not look at themselves with the eye of approval.One day Junayd was sitting with Ruwaym when Shiblī came in, and Shiblī was exceedingly kind-hearted. When Junayd's words were finished, Ruwaym looked at Junayd and said, �He is a kind-hearted man, this Shiblī.�Junayd said, �You are talking about someone who is one of those who have been rejected by the Threshold.� When Shiblī heard this, he was broken. He got up in shame and went outside.Ruwaym, �Junayd, what were those words you said about Shiblī? You know the purity and truthfulness of his state.�Junayd, �Yes, Shiblī is one of the great ones at the Threshold. But, when you speak to Shiblī, do not speak to him from beneath the Throne, for His swords spill blood. Ruwaym, those words of yours concerning his purification were a sword aimed at his days to hamstring the steed of his practice. I made my words into a shield to repel that sword.�Say to the faithful that they cast down their eyes. One group do not look at this world, and they are the renunciants. Another group do not look at the realm of being, and they are the folk of recognition. Still another group are the companions of guarding and awe; just as they do not look at others with their hearts, so also they do not see themselves worthy of witnessing.
By way of guidance as to how men and women should behave at home and in society, two basic injunctions have been given here—one defines that portion of the body which must be covered (satr), while the other advises that the eyes should be cast down. That portion of a male’s body, which is required to be kept covered at all times, is from the navel down to the knees, including the knees. This is satr, which is obligatory before all except one’s wife, or where some need arises by which prohibitions are relaxed, for instance, in the case of medical examinations. The second important thing is that when a man and a woman happen to confront each other, the man should keep his eyes cast down. A casual meeting between a man and a woman who are not married or who are not very close relatives, should never be as informal as that between any two men. During any casual meeting between a man and a woman, the man should keep his eyes down and if a man happens to accidentally cast a glance at an unknown woman, he should immediately direct his gaze elsewhere and should not deliberately look at her again. The instructions about looking down and concealing the private parts of the body are also applicable to women, as is made clear in the next verse (Verse 31).
Commentary
An important chapter for the prevention of obscenity and security of chastity: Hijab for women
The very first verses on the subject of hijab for women are the ones which were revealed in Surah Ahzab at the time of marriage of the mother of the believers Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahash ؓ with the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Some have given the date of revelation of these verses as 3rd Hijra while others say it was 5th Hijra. Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Nail Al-Autar have given preference to the latter date, while Ruh ul-Mani has reported on the authority of Sayyidna Anas ؓ that this marriage was solemnized in Dhulqa'dah 5th Hijra. But it is an agreed position that the first verse on Hijab was revealed on this occasion. As for the above referred verses of Surah an-Nur, they were revealed at the time of incident of Ifk, which had happened on return from the battle of Bani Mustaliq or Muraisi`. This battle had taken place in the 6th Hijra. Hence, it is clear from the revelation point of view that Surah An-Nur's verses on hijab were revealed later, and Surah Ahzab's four verses were revealed earlier, and that the practice on the injunction of hijab had started when the verses of Surah Alhzab were revealed. The subject of hijab will be discussed Insh’ Allah in detail under Surah Ahzab. Here the explanation will be restricted to only those verses which appear in Surah an-Nur.
قُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ ﴿30﴾
Say to the believing men that they must lower their gazes andguard their private parts; it is more decent for them. Surely Allah is All-Aware of what they do. (24:30)
The word يَغُضُّ (yaghuddu) is derived from غضّ (ghadd), which means to bring down or to lower, (Raghib) lowering of eyes or to keep eyes down as enjoined in the verse, means to turn the eyes from something which is prohibited to be seen by Shari` ah (Ibn Kathir). Ibn Hibban has given the explanation that to look at a non-Mahram woman with intent to have (sexual) pleasure is totally prohibited, and to look without any such motive is makruh (undesirable). To look at any woman's or man's private parts of the body is included in this explanation (except in case of dire necessity, such as medical examination). Peeping into anyone's house with the intent of finding out his secrets, and all such acts where looking is prohibited by Shari` ah are all included in the injunction. (24:30)
وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ Protection of private parts is purported to express that all possible situations of satisfying unlawful sexual desires be guarded against. In this, adultery, sodomy, lesbian act, masturbation and all such acts that fulfill unlawful lust and passions are prohibited. The purpose of the verse is to prohibit all illicit acts for fulfilling unlawful passions. For this purpose the initial and the ultimate acts have been mentioned rather clearly, and all those actions which fall in between them are also included in the prohibition. For unlawful sexual passion the very first act is casting eye with bad motive and its ultimate result is adultery. Both these acts have been mentioned clearly and are prohibited. All other acts falling in between, such as touching hands or having conversation, are included by implication.
Ibn Kathir has related Sayyidna ` Ubaidah ؓ having said . کُلّ ما عصی اللہ بہ فھو کبیرۃ وقد ذکر الطفین that is ` Any act done in disobedience to Allah is a major sin, but the initial and ultimate acts are mentioned at the two ends of the verse'. The initial act is to cast eye, and the ultimate is adultery. Tabarani has quoted Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ once said:
النظر سھم من سھام ابلیس مسموم من ترکھا مخافتی ابدلتہ ایمانا یجد حلاوۃ فی قلبہ (از ابن کثیر)
` Casting eye is a poisonous arrow among the arrows of Satan. Whoever turns away his eye fearing from Me (despite demand of the heart), I will give him such strong faith, the delight of which he will feel in his heart'. (Ibn Kathir)
It is reported in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Sayyidna Jarir Ibn ` Abdullah al-Bajali ؓ that the Holy Prophet ﷺ has advised what should one do if by chance one's eye is cast on a non-Mahram woman. He has quoted the Holy Prophet ﷺ as saying ` Turn away your eyes from there'. (Ibn Kathir). Sayyidna Ali ؓ has said that first sight is forgivable, but casting eye a second time is sin. Both versions are alike, that is, if one casts his eye by chance without intention, it is forgiven being not intentional, otherwise it is prohibited to cast the eye intentionally, even the first time.
To stare intentionally at boys having no beard also falls within this ruling
Ibn Kathir has reported that many elders of the Ummah used to forbid forcefully staring at young boys (having no beard), and many scholars have declared it as forbidden (Perhaps it is in a situation when one looks with bad intention and passionate desire. God knows best)
Allah then commanded them to protect their gaze and chastity, saying: (Tell the believing men) O Muhammad (to lower their gaze) from that which is unlawful (and be modest) and also refrain from unlawful sexual intercourse. (That) protecting their gaze and chastity (is purer for them) is better and more akin to righteousness as far as they are concerned. (Lo! Allah is Aware of what they do) of good and evil.
Say to the believing men to lower their gaze�That is, avert your gaze from that which God, Exalted is He, has forbidden you. This means to avoid any look that lacks a sense of honour. It is related from ʿUbāda b. Ṣāmit that the Prophet said, �If you can safeguard six things, I will guarantee for you entry into Paradise: be truthful when you speak; fulfil whatever you promise; carry out what has been entrusted to you [to do]; keep your chastity; lower your gaze; and refrain from doing harm to anyone.� It is reported that Ibn ʿUmar y was asked, �Did the Messenger of God ever look around during the prayer?� He answered, �Not even outside the prayer [did he look around].�His words: