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وَیَقُولُونَ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَبِٱلرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعۡنَا ثُمَّ یَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِیقࣱ مِّنۡهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَ ٰلِكَۚ وَمَاۤ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ ۝٤٧
wayaqūlūna āmannā bil-lahi wabil-rasūli wa-aṭaʿnā thumma yatawallā farīqun min'hum min baʿdi dhālika wamā ulāika bil-mu'minīn
The Light / an-Nur (24:47)
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Abdel Haleem

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They say, ‘We believe in God and the Messenger; we obey,’ but then some of them turn away: these people are not true believer
wayaqūlūna āmannā bil-lahi wabil-rasūli wa-aṭaʿnā thumma yatawallā farīqun min'hum min baʿdi dhālika wamā ulāika bil-mu'minīn

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Tafsir Commentary

The Treachery of the Hypocrites and the Attitude of the Believers Allah tells us about the characteristics of the hypocrites who show one thing while hiding another, and who say with their tongues, آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ مِّن بَعْدِ ذلِكَ ("We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger, and we obey," then a party of them turn away thereafter,) meaning, their actions contradict their deeds, and they say that which they do not do. Allah says: وَمَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (such are not believers.) وَإِذَا دُعُواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ (And when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them...) means, when they are asked to follow the guidance which Allah has revealed to His Messenger , they turn away and are too arrogantly proud of themselves to follow him. This is like the Ayah: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ ءَامَنُواْ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ (Have you not seen those who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you,) until His saying: رَأَيْتَ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنكَ صُدُوداً (you see the hypocrites turn away from you with aversion) 4: 60-61. وَإِن يَكُنْ لَّهُمُ الْحَقُّ يَأْتُواْ إِلَيْهِ مُذْعِنِينَ (But if the truth is on their side, they come to him willingly with submission.) means, if the ruling will be in their favor and not against them, then they will come and will listen and obey, which is what is meant by the phrase مُذْعِنِينَ (willingly with submission.) But if the ruling will go against him, he turns away and demands something that goes against the truth, and he prefers to refer for judgement to someone other than the Prophet so that his false claims may prevail. His acceptance in the beginning was not because he believed that it was the truth, but because it happened to be in accordance with his desires. So when the truth went against what he was hoping for, he turned away from it. Allah said: أَفِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ (Is there a disease in their hearts...) meaning, their situation cannot be anything else, they must necessarily have a disease in their hearts, or else they have some doubts about the religion, or they are afraid that Allah and His Messenger will be unjust in their ruling against them. Whichever it is, it is pure disbelief, and Allah knows which of these characteristics each one of them has. d بَلْ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ (Nay, it is they themselves who are the wrongdoers.) means, they are the evildoers who commit immoral actions, and Allah and His Messenger are innocent of the injustice and unfairness that they imagine; exalted be Allah and His Messenger above such a thing. Then Allah tells us about the attributes of the believers who respond to Allah and His Messenger and who seek no other way apart from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger . Allah says: إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَن يَقُولُواْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (The only saying of the faithful believers, when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them, is that they say: "We hear and we obey".) meaning, to hear to obey. Allah describes them as having attained success, which is achieving what one wants and being saved from what one fears. So Allah says: وَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (And such are the successful.) Concerning the Ayah: أَن يَقُولُواْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا (they say: "We hear and we obey".), Qatadah said: "We were told that when `Ubadah bin As-Samit, who had been present at Al-`Aqabah and at Badr, and was one of the leaders of the Ansar, was dying, he said to his nephew Junadah bin Abi Umayyah: `Shall I not tell you what you must do and what is your due' He said, `Yes.' He said: `You have to listen and obey when times are easy and when they are hard, when you feel energetic and when you do not want to, and when you feel selfish. You have to train your tongue to speak the truth. Do not go against those who are in authority, unless they openly command you to commit acts of disobedience to Allah. Whenever you are commanded to do something that goes against the Book of Allah, then follow the Book of Allah."' Qatadah said: We were told that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "There is no Islam except through obedience to Allah, and no goodness except in Jama`ah. Sincerity is to Allah and His Messenger , and to the Khalifah and all the believers." He said: "And we were told that `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say; `The bonds of Islam are La ilaha illallah, establishing prayer, paying Zakah and obeying those whom Allah has given authority over the affairs of the Muslims."' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. There are very many Hadiths and reports which state that it is obligatory to obey the Book of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger, the Rightly-Guided Khalifahs and the Imams when they command us to obey Allah; there are too many of these reports to quote them all here. وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ (And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger,) in what he is commanded with, and avoid what he is forbidden, وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ (fears Allah, ) means, for his past sins, وَيَتَّقْهِ (and has Taqwa of Him,) regarding sins he may commit in the future. فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَآئِزُون (such are the successful.) means, those who will attain all goodness and be saved from all evil in this world and the Hereafter.
And they the hypocrites say ‘We believe in we affirm the truth of God of His Oneness and the Messenger Muhammad (s) and we obey’ them in what rulings they God and Muhammad give. Then after that a party of them turn away they are averse to it and those those who are averse they are not believers as believers should be believers whose hearts agree with the words of their tongues.
ويقول المنافقون: صَدَّقنا بالله وبما جاء به الرسول، وأطعنا أمرهما، ثم تُعْرِضُ طوائف منهم من بعد ذلك فلا تقبل حكم الرسول، وما أولئك بالمؤمنين.
يخبر تعالى عن صفات المنافقين الذين يظهرون خلاف ما يبطنون يقولون قولا بألسنتهم "آمنا بالله وبالرسول وأطعنا ثم يتولى فريق منهم من بعد ذلك" أي يخالفون أقوالهم بأعمالهم فيقولون ما لا يفعلون ولهذا قال تعالى: "وما أولئك بالمؤمنين".
والضمير فى قوله - تعالى - : ( وَيَِقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بالله وبالرسول وَأَطَعْنَا ) يعود على طائفة من الذين لم يهدهم - سبحانه - إلى الصراط المستقيم ، وهم المنافقون .أى : أن هؤلاء المنافقين يقولون بألسنتهم فقط : آمنا بالله وبالرسول ، وأطعنا الله والرسول فى كل أمر أو نهى .ثم بين - سبحانه - أنهم كاذبون فى دعواهم الإيمان والطاعة فقال : ( ثُمَّ يتولى فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ مِّن بَعْدِ ذلك ) .أى : يدعون أنهم يؤمنون بالله وبالرسول ، ويطيعون أحكامهما ، وحالهم أن عددا كبيرا منهم يعرضون عما يقتضيه الإيمان والطاعة ، من أدب مع الله - تعالى - ومع رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ومن انقياد لأحكام الإسلام .وقوله - سبحانه - : ( وَمَآ أولئك بالمؤمنين ) نفى لدعواهم الإيمان ، وتوبيخ لهم على أقواهلم التى يكذبها واقعهم ، أى : وما أولئك المنافقون الذى يقولون آمنا بالله وبالرسول وأطعنا ، بالمؤمنين على الحقيقة ، لأنهم يقولون بألسنتهم ما ليس فى قلوبهم ، ولأنهم لو كانوا يؤمنون حقا . لما أعرضوا عن أحكام الله - تعالى - ، وعن طاعة رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم .
يقول تعالى ذكره: ويقول المنافقون: صدّقنا بالله وبالرسول، وأطعنا الله وأطعنا الرسول ( ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ ) يقول: ثم تدبر كلّ طائفة منهم من بعد ما قالوا هذا القول عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وتدعو إلى المحاكمة إلى غيره خصمها( وَمَا أُولَئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ ) يقول: وليس قائلو هذه المقالة، يعني قوله: ( آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ) بالمؤمنين؛ لتركهم الاحتكام إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وإعراضهم عنه إذا دعوا إليه.
( ويقولون آمنا بالله وبالرسول وأطعنا ) يعني : المنافقين يقولونه ، ( ثم يتولى ) يعرض عن طاعة الله ورسوله ، ( فريق منهم من بعد ذلك ) ، ، أي : من بعد قولهم : آمنا ويدعو إلى غير حكم الله . قال الله - عز وجل - : ( وما أولئك بالمؤمنين ) نزلت هذه الآية في بشر المنافق ، كانت بينه وبين رجل من اليهود خصومة في أرض ، فقال اليهودي : نتحاكم إلى محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ، وقال المنافق نتحاكم إلى كعب بن الأشرف ، فإن محمدا يحيف علينا ، فأنزل الله هذه الآية
وَيَقُولُونَ آَمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَمَا أُولَئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (47) عطف جملة : { ويقولون } على جملة : { والله يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم } [ النور : 46 ] لما تتضمنه جملة : { يهدي من يشاء } من هداية بعض الناس وحرمان بعضهم من الهداية كما هو مقتضى : { من يشاء } . وهذا تخلص إلى ذكر بعض ممن لم يشأ الله هدايتهم وهم الذين أبطنوا الكفر وأظهروا الإسلام وهم أهل النفاق . فبعد أن ذُكرت دلائل انفراد الله تعالى بالإلهية وذكر الكفارُ الصرحاء الذين لم يهتدوا بها في قوله : { والذين كفروا أعمالهم كسراب بقيعة } [ النور : 39 ] الآيات تهيأ المقام لذكر صنف آخر من الكافرين الذين لم يهتدوا بآيات الله وأظهروا أنهم اهتدوا بها .وضمير الجمع عائد إلى معروفين عند السامعين وهم المنافقون لأن ما ذكر بعده هو من أحوالهم ، وعود الضمير إلى شيء غير مذكور كثير في القرآن ، على أنهم قد تقدم ما يشير إليهم بطريق التعريض في قوله : { رجال لا تلهيهم تجارة ولا بيع عن ذكر الله وإقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة } [ النور : 37 ] .وقد أشارت الآية إلى المنافقين عامة ، ثم إلى فريق منهم أظهروا عدم الرضى بحكم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم فكلا الفريقين موسوم بالنفاق ، ولكن أحدهما استمر على النفاق والمواربة وفريقاً لم يلبثوا أن أظهروا الرجوع إلى الكفر بمعصية الرسول علناً .ففي قوله : { يقولون } إيماء إلى أن حظهم من الإيمان مجرد القول دون الاعتقاد كما قال تعالى : { قالت الأعراب آمنا قل لم تؤمنوا ولكن قولوا أسلمنا ولمّا يدخللِ الإيمان في قلوبكم } [ الحجرات : 14 ] .وعبر بالمضارع لإفادة تجدد ذلك منهم واستمرارهم عليه لما فيه من تكرر الكذب ونحوه من خصال النفاق التي بينتُها في سورة البقرة . ومفعول { أطعنا } محذوف دل عليه ما قبله ، أي أطعنا الله والرسول .والإشارة في قوله : { وما أولئك } إلى ضمير { يقولون } ، أي يقولون آمنّا وهم كاذبون في قولهم . وإنما يظهر كفرهم عندما تحل بهم النوازل والخصومات فلا يطمئنون بحكم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا يصح جعله إشارة إلى { فريق } من قوله : { إذا فريق منهم معرضون } لأن إعراضهم كاف في الدلالة على عدم الإيمان .
يخبر تعالى عن حالة الظالمين، ممن في قلبه مرض وضعف إيمان، أو نفاق وريب وضعف علم، أنهم يقولون بألسنتهم، ويلتزمون الإيمان بالله والطاعة، ثم لا يقومون بما قالوا، ويتولى فريق منهم عن الطاعة توليا عظيما، بدليل قوله: { وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ } فإن المتولي، قد يكون له نية عود ورجوع إلى ما تولى عنه، وهذا المتولي معرض، لا التفات له، ولا نظر لما تولى عنه، وتجد هذه الحالة مطابقة لحال كثير ممن يدعي الإيمان والطاعة لله وهو ضعيف الإيمان، وتجده لا يقوم بكثير من العبادات، خصوصا: العبادات التي تشق على كثير من النفوس، كالزكوات، والنفقات الواجبة والمستحبة، والجهاد في سبيل الله، ونحو ذلك.
قوله تعالى : ويقولون آمنا بالله وبالرسول وأطعنا ثم يتولى فريق منهم من بعد ذلك وما أولئك بالمؤمنينقوله تعالى : ويقولون آمنا بالله وبالرسول يعني المنافقين ، يقولون بألسنتهم آمنا بالله وبالرسول من غير يقين ولا إخلاص . وأطعنا أي ويقولون ، وكذبوا . ثم يتولى فريق منهم من بعد ذلك وما أولئك بالمؤمنين .
While the Prophet was in Madinah, there was a group which had apparently accepted Islam, but which was not really sincere about religion. This group was called the hypocrites (munafiqun). These people mouthed their obedience to God and His Prophet, but in practice, at the time of need, their actions would belie their pretensions. At that time, due to prevailing circumstances, a regular Islamic Court had not yet been established. The Jewish chiefs had been deciding cases as a matter of convention for centuries. But now the Prophet Muhammad had migrated to Madinah and established himself there. It was typical of the half-hearted hypocritical Muslims to agree to have their disputes (with other Muslims) settled by the Prophet Muhammad, provided they were sure that it would be decided in their favour. But when it seemed that the outcome might be unfavourable to them, these hypocrites (munafiqun) preferred going to a Jewish chief to have the matter decided. To all appearances this was an act of great cleverness, but in actuality they were just wronging themselves. Such apparent winners shall have lost their case even before reaching the court of God.
مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِن جِبَالٍ فِيهَا From the sky mountains (of clouds) having hail in them - 43. Here the word سَمَاء is purported for clouds, and Jibal جِبَالٍ (mountains) for big masses of clouds, while hails are called Barad.
Allah then revealed the following about the folk of 'Uthman who told the latter: " do not go to the Prophet (pbuh) in order to settle your dispute with 'Ali regarding a piece of land, because He will take 'Ali's side " , and 'Uthman rebuked them for saying this: (And they say) i.e. the people of 'Uthman: (We believe in Allah and the messenger) we are sincere in our belief in Allah and the Messenger, (and we obey) that with which we have been commanded; (then after that) after saying this about obeying Allah (a faction of them) of the people of 'Uthman (turn away. Such are not believers) who are sincere in their faith.