The Poets — Verse 18

Between Musa and Fir`awn Allah tells us what He commanded His servant, son of `Imran and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, who spoke with Him, to do, when He called him from the right side of the mountain, and conversed with him, and chose him, sent him, and commanded him to go to Fir`awn and his people. Allah says: وَإِذْ نَادَى رَبُّكَ مُوسَى أَنِ ائْتَ الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ - قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَلا يَتَّقُونَ - قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ - وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِى وَلاَ يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِى فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَـرُونَ - وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ (And when your Lord called Musa: "Go to the people who are wrongdoers. The people of Fir`awn. Will they not have Taqwa" He said: "My Lord! Verily, I fear that they will deny me, And my breast straitens, and my tongue expresses not well. So send for Harun. And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.") So, Musa asked Allah to remove these difficulties for him, as he said in Surah Ta Ha: قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى (Musa said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest. And ease my task for me.") (20:25-26) until: قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يمُوسَى (You are granted your request, O Musa!) (20:36) وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ (And they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear they will kill me.) because he had killed that Egyptian, which was the reason that he left the land of Egypt. قَالَ كَلاَّ ((Allah) said: "Nay!...") Allah told him: do not be afraid of anything like that. This is like the Ayah, سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَـناً (Allah said: "We will strengthen your arm through your brother, and give you both power) meaning, proof; فَلاَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا بِـْايَـتِنَآ أَنتُمَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكُمَا الْغَـلِبُونَ (so they shall not be able to harm you, with Our signs, you two as well as those who follow you will be the victors) (28:35), فَاذْهَبَا بِـَايَـتِنَآ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُّسْتَمِعُونَ (Go you both with Our signs. Verily, We shall be with you, listening.) This is like the Ayah, إِنَّنِى مَعَكُمَآ أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى (I am with you both, hearing and seeing) (20:46). Meaning, `I will be with you by My protection, care, support and help.' فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولا إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ (And go both of you to Fir`awn, and say: `We are the Messengers of the Lord of the all that exists.') This is like the Ayah, إِنَّا رَسُولاَ رَبِّكَ (Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord) (20:47). which means, `both of us have been sent to you,' أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ (So allow the Children of Israel to go with us.) Meaning, `let them go, free them from your captivity, subjugation and torture, for they are the believing servants of Allah, devoted to Him, and with you they are in a position of humiliating torture.' When Musa said that to him, Fir`awn turned away and ignored him completely, regarding him with scorn and thinking little of him. Saying: أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيداً (Did we not bring you up among us as a child) meaning, we brought you up among us, in our home and on our bed, we nourished you and did favors for you for many years, and after all that you responded to our kindness in this manner: you killed one of our men and denied our favors to you.' So he said to him: وَأَنتَ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ (While you were one of the ingrates.) meaning, one of those who deny favors. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and was the view favored by Ibn Jarir. قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَآ إِذاً ((Musa) said: "I did it then...") meaning, at that time, وَأَنَاْ مِنَ الضَّآلِّينَ (when I was in error.) meaning, `before revelation was sent to me and before Allah made me a Prophet and sent me with this Message.' فَفَرَرْتُ مِنكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِى رَبِّى حُكْماً وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (So, I fled from you when I feared you. But my Lord has granted me Hukm, and made me one of the Messengers.) means, `the first situation came to an end and another took its place. Now Allah has sent me to you, and if you obey Him, you will be safe, but if you oppose Him, you will be destroyed.' Then Musa said: وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَىَّ أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ (And this is the past favor with which you reproach me, -- that you have enslaved the Children of Israel.) meaning, `whatever favors you did in bringing me up are offset by the evil you did by enslaving the Children of Israel and using them to do your hard labor. Is there any comparison between your favors to one man among them and the evil you have done to all of them What you have mentioned about me is nothing compared to what you have done to them.'

He Pharaoh said to Moses ‘Did we not rear you among us in our homes as a child? as an infant only recently born but weaned and did you not stay with us for years of your life? for thirty years — he would dress from Pharaoh’s clothes and ride chariots of his and was referred to as Pharaoh’s son.

قال فرعون لموسى ممتنًا عليه: ألم نُرَبِّك في منازلنا صغيرًا، ومكثت في رعايتنا سنين من عُمُرك وارتكبت جنايةً بقتلك رجلا من قومي حين ضربته ودفعته، وأنت من الجاحدين نعمتي المنكرين ربوبيتي؟

فقال "ألم نربك فينا وليدا" الآية أي أما أنت الذي ربيناه فينا وفي بيتنا وعلى فراشنا وأنعمنا عليه مدة من السنين ثم بعد هذا قابلت ذلك الإحسان بتلك الفعلة أن قتلت منا رجلا وجحدت نعمتنا عليك.

ثم حكى - سبحانه - بعد ذلك ما دار بين موسى وفرعون من محاورات فقال - تعالى - : ( قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ . . . ) .أى : قال فرعون لموسى بعد أن عرفه ، وبعد أن طلب منه موسى أن يرسل معه بنو إسرائيل . قال له يا موسى ( أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيداً ) أى : ألم يسبق لك أنك عشت فى منزلنا ، ورعيناك وأنت طفل صغير عندما قالت امرأتى ( لاَ تَقْتُلُوهُ عسى أَن يَنْفَعَنَا أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَداً . . ) ( وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا ) أى : فى كنفنا وتحت سقف بينا ( مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ ) عددا .

وفي هذا الكلام محذوف استغني بدلالة ما ظهر عليه منه, وهو: فأتيا فرعون فأبلغاه رسالة ربهما إليه, فقال فرعون: ألم نربك فينا يا موسى وليدا, ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين؟ وذلك مكثه عنده قبل قتل القتيل الذي قتله من القبط.

( قال ألم نربك فينا وليدا ) صبيا ( ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين ) وهو ثلاثون سنة .

قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ (18) طوي من الكلام ذهاب موسى وهارون إلى فرعون واستئذانهما عليه وإبلاغهما ما أمرهما الله أن يقولا لفرعون إيجازاً للكلام . ووجَّه فرعون خطابه إلى موسى وحده لأنه علم من تفصيل كلام موسى وهارون أن موسى هو الرسول بالأصالة وأن هارون كان عوناً له على التبليغ فلم يشتغل بالكلام مع هارون . وأعرض فرعون عن الاعتناء بإبطال دعوة موسى فعدل إلى تذكيره بنعمة الفراعنة أسلافه على موسى وتخويفه من جنايته حسباناً بأن ذلك يقتلع الدعوة من جذمها ويكف موسى عنها ، وقصدُه من هذا الخطاب إفحام موسى كي يتلعثم من خشيةِ فرعون حيث أوجد له سبباً يتذرع به إلى قتله ويكون معذوراً فيه حيث كفر نعمة الولاية بالتربية ، واقترف جرم الجناية على الأنفس .والاستفهام تقريري ، وجعل التقرير على نفي التربية مع أن المقصود الإقرار بوقوع التربية مجاراة لحال موسى في نظر فرعون إذ رأى في هذا الكلام جرأة عليه لا تناسب حال مَن هو ممنون لأُسرته بالتربية لأنها تقتضي المحبة والبر ، فكأنه يرخي له العنان بتلقين أن يجحد أنه مربًّى فيهم حتى إذا أقر ولم ينكر كان الإقرار سالماً من التعلل بخوف أو ضغط ، فهذا وجه تسليط الاستفهام التقريري على النفي في حينَ أن المقرر به ثابت . وهذا كما تقول للرجل الذي طال عهدك برؤيته : ألستَ فلاناً ، ومثله كثير . ومنه قول الحجاج في خطبته يوم دَيْر الجماجم يهدد الخوارج «ألستُم أصحابِي بالأهواز» .والتقرير مستعمل في لازمه وهو أن يقابل المقرَّر عليه بالبر والطاعة لا بالجفاء ، ويجوز أن يجعل الاستفهام إنكارياً عليه لأن لسان حال مُوسى في نظر فرعون حال من يجحد أنه مربًّى فيهم ومن يظن نِسيانهم لفعلته فأنكر فرعون عليه ذلك ، وكلا الوجهين لا يخلو من تنزيل موسى منزلة من يجحد ذلك .والتربية : كفالة الصبي وتدبير شؤونه . ومعنى { فينا } في عائلتنا ، أي عائلة ملك مصر . والوليد : الطفل من وقت ولادته وما يقاربها فإذا نمى لم يُسم وليداً وسمي طفلاً ، ويعني بذلك التقاطه من نهر النيل . وذلك أن موسى ربّي عند ( رعمسيس الثاني ) من ملوك العائلة التاسعة عشرة من عائلات فراعنة مصر حسب ترتيب المحققين من المؤرخين . وخرج موسى من مصر بعد أن قتل القبطّي وعمرُه أربعون سنة لقوله تعالى : { ولما بلغ أشُدَّه واستوى أتيناه حكماً إلى قوله : { ودخل المدينة } [ القصص : 14 ، 15 ] الآية وبُعث وعمرُه ثمانون سنة حسبما في التوراة . وكان فرعون الذي بعث إليه موسى هو ( منفتاح الثاني ابن رعمسيس الثاني ) وهو الذي خلفه في الملك بعد وفاته أواسط القرن الخامس عشر قبل المسيح ، فلا جرم كان موسى مربّى والده ، فلذلك قال له : ألم نُرَبِّك فينا وليداً ، ولعله رُبِّيَ مع فرعون هذا كالأخ .والسنين التي لبثها موسى فيهم هي نحو أربعين سنة .والفَعْلة : المرة الواحدة من الفِعل ، وأراد بها الحاصل بالمصدر كما اقتضته إضافتها إلى ضمير المخاطب ، وأراد بالفعلة قتلَه القبطي ، قيل هو خَبَّاز فرعون . وعبر عنها بالموصول لعلم موسى بها ، وفي ذلك تهويل للفعلة يكنى به عن تذكيره بما يوجب توبيخه .

فلما جاءا فرعون وقالا له ما قال الله لهما لم يؤمن فرعون ولم يلن وجعل يعارض موسى فـ قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا أي ألم ننعم عليك ونقم بتربيتك منذ كنت وليدا في مهدك ولم تزل كذلك. وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ

قال ألم نربك فينا وليدا على جهة المن عليه والاحتقار . أي ربيناك صغيرا ولم نقتلك في جملة من قتلنا ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين فمتى كان هذا الذي تدعيه . ثم قرره بقتل القبطي

One chosen by God to represent Him is in every way under His protection. Moreover, he is given some special signs which indicate clearly that his mission is an affair of God. But, in spite of that, man has gone so far in transgression as not to admit this. The Quran does not specify the details of the demand made by Moses on Pharaoh with regard to the Children of Israel. But the Torah elaborates upon the subject in the following sections: Exodus 4/18, 5/1 , 8/25-27 . According to the description in the Bible, it appears that this journey of Moses was not for the purpose of migration but for instruction. In Egypt, the cow was considered holy. Due to this centuries-old tradition, even the the Children of Israel had been influenced by this belief. Now, Moses wanted to take the Children of Israel out of the polytheistic atmosphere of Egypt for a few days, keep them in a pure atmosphere and re-educate them.

أَنْ أَرْ‌سِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَ‌ائِيلَ That you must send the children of Isra'i1 with us". (26:17) Bani Isra'il were the residents of Syria. They wanted to go back to their land but the Pharaoh would not let them. This way four hundred years had passed and they were living in his bondage like slaves. At that time they were six hundred and thirty thousand in number. Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) when presented the message of Truth to the Pharaoh, he also asked him to stop all the cruelties he had perpetrated over Bani Isra'il and to let them go to their homeland. (Qurtubi) An example of prophetic dialectic Discussion and debate among two different persons or group of people having divergent views has been in vogue since the time immemorial. Such debates are called مُنَاظرہ munazarah (dialectics) in conventional terms. But such dialectics have been reduced to a game of win or lose. People regard the outcome of dialectics should be to come out winner, even though one knows that he is on the wrong. Despite the knowledge of being on the wrong one must keep on pressing his point of view, and use the intelligence to throw in all sorts of arguments to prove his point as correct. Similarly, even if the opponents point is correct, it must be rejected with full force. In contrast to this attitude Islam has given a middle of the road stance, and set out its rules and regulations, thus making it a useful tool for preaching and reform. A simple example of this can be seen in the above verses. When Sayyidna Musa and Harun (علیہما السلام) conveyed the invitation of Truth to the mighty the Pharaoh, who was claimant of being god, in his court, he began the opposing conversation with two questions relating to the person of Musa's (علیہ السلام) . When a sharp opponent is not properly equipped with the correct arguments, he normally tries to switch the conversation towards the person of the addressee in order to find faults with him. This tactic is employed to embarrass the opponent and to make him look small before the audience. Hence, the Pharaoh also came out with two such points. First, ` We have brought you up in our household and have done so many favours to you. So, how can you have the face to speak before us. Second, ` You have killed an Egyptian for no fault of his. This is not only cruelty but also ingratitude toward those among whom you are raised to your manhood. You have killed one from among us.' Now see the prophetic reply of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and how he handled the two subjects. In the first place he changed the sequence of the topics in that he brought up the case of the Egyptian first which the Pharaoh had raised latter. The wisdom in changing the sequence appears to be that in the Egyptian's case there was a weakness on his part, but he preferred to take that first, unlike present day tactics where one tries to avoid a direct reply to confuse the issue. But he, being the messenger of Allah, had nothing to hide, so while replying he accepted his weakness, and did not care at all what people in the opposition would think on acceptance of his mistake, and hence, might take it as acceptance of defeat. This course of action was totally contrary to present day tactics when people try to mix up their weakness in a manner that it is camouflaged. Although Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had accepted his fault while replying to the Pharaoh that it was his misjudgment when he hit the Egyptian and as a result he died, yet he made it very clear that he did not intend to kill him. His intention was right which unfortunately resulted in the wrong. The purpose of his hitting the Egyptian was to prevent him from harming the Isra'ili but in the process he died, which was not the intention. This act of his, despite being wrong, does not conflict with his claim to be a prophet or contradicts its veracity. So, he said ` that he realized his mistake and left the city for the fear of being caught. Then Allah was kind to him and honoured him with the prophethood. Now the point to ponder is that at that time Musa (علیہ السلام) could have adopted the simple and straightforward course and have claimed that the Egyptian deserved death, and would have charged him with such accusations for which his killing was the right action. There was no one present at the time of the incident, so no one could have contradicted him. Anyone else in his place would have certainly taken this course of action. But here it was the resolute messenger of Allah who was the truth personified and who regarded expression of truth and veracity and the declaration of fact as his victory. He accepted his guilt in the packed court of the foe and in doing that also countered any possibility of doubt on his prophethood. After that he turned to the second point regarding his upbringing in the Pharaoh's house, upon which the Pharaoh had stressed to remind his favour to him. Musa (علیہ السلام) asked him to ponder over his position as, being an Israelite, he had no occasion to reach the royal place of the Pharaoh. It was the cruelty of the Pharaoh that compelled the mother of Musa I to throw her baby into the river, then it was by chance that the Pharaoh picked him up, and in reality it was a wise arrangement made by Allah, that the child for the fear of whom the Pharaoh had slaughtered thousands of children, was caused to be nourished by the same the Pharaoh. But in any case, the real cause of his upbringing in the home of the Pharaoh was the cruelty exercised by him against the Israelites. Musa (علیہ السلام) pointing out to this fact, invited the Pharaoh to ponder whether this was really a favour with which he was obliging him. It is obvious that this prophetic address left a positive and convincing impression on the minds of people present there, and they were convinced that Musa (علیہ السلام) was not the sort of person who would make excuses, and that he would say nothing but the truth. After that when they saw the miracles, their view was confirmed further. At that time although the Pharaoh did not admit the truth, yet he was so overwhelmed and apprehensive that just two persons without having the support of a third, would turn him and his people out of their land and country. This is what is known as God gifted awe of truth, veracity and reality. The contentions and dialectics of Allah's messengers are also full of truth, veracity and wishing well for the addressee. That is how they become so appealing to people and convince the biggest defiant

(He said): Pharaoh looked at Moses and said: (Did we not rear thee among us as a child?) O Moses (And thou didst dwell many years of your life among us) and stayed with us for 30 years,