The Spider — Verse 37
29:37 · al-`Ankabut
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فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَتۡهُمُ ٱلرَّجۡفَةُ فَأَصۡبَحُوا۟ فِی دَارِهِمۡ جَـٰثِمِینَ ٣٧
fakadhabūhu fa-akhadhathumu l-rajfatu fa-aṣbaḥū fī dārihim jāthimīn
The Spider / al-`Ankabut (29:37)
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
They rejected him and so the earthquake overtook them. When morning came, they were lying dead in their homes
fakadhabūhu fa-akhadhathumu l-rajfatu fa-aṣbaḥū fī dārihim jāthimīn
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Tafsir Commentary
Shu`ayb and His People
Allah tells us that His servant and Messenger Shu`ayb, peace be upon him, warned his people, the people of Madyan, and commanded them to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate, and to fear the wrath and punishment of Allah on the Day of Resurrection. He said:
يقَوْمِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَارْجُواْ الْيَوْمَ الاٌّخِرَ
(O my people! Worship Allah and hope for the last Day,) Ibn Jarir said: "Some of them said that this meant: Fear the Last Day." This is like the Ayah,
لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الاٌّخِرَ
(for those who look forward to (meeting with) Allah and the Last Day) (60:6).
وَلاَ تَعْثَوْاْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ
(and commit no mischief on the earth as mischief-makers.) This is forbidding them to make mischief on earth by spreading corruption, which means going around doing evil to people. They used to cheat in weights and measures, and ambush people on the road; this is in addition to their disbelief in Allah and His Messenger. So Allah destroyed them with a mighty earthquake that convulsed their land, and the Sayhah (shout) which tore their hearts from their bodies, and the torment of the Day of Shade, when their souls were taken. This was the torment of a great day. We have already examined their story in detail in Surat Al-A`raf, Surat Hud and Surat Ash-Shu`ara'.
فَأَصْبَحُواْ فِي دَارِهِمْ جَـثِمِينَ
(and they lay, prostrate in their dwellings.) Qatadah said, "They were dead." Others said that they were thrown on top of one another.
But they denied him and so the earthquake the violent tremor seized them and they ended up lying lifeless prostrate in their habitations keeled over their knees dead.
فكذَّب أهل "مدين" شعيبًا فيما جاءهم به عن الله من الرسالة، فأخذتهم الزلزلة الشديدة، فأصبحوا في دارهم صَرْعى هالكين.
هذا مع كفرهم بالله ورسوله فأهلكهم الله برجفة عظيمة زلزلت عليهم بلادهم وصيحة أخرجت القلوب من حناجرها. وعذاب يوم الظلة الذي أزهق الأرواح من مستقرها إنه كان عذاب يوم عظيم وقد تقدمت قصتهم مبسوطة في سورة الأعراف وهود والشعراء وقوله: "فأصبحوا في دارهم جاثمين" قال قتادة ميتين. وقال غيره قد ألقي بعضهم على بعض.
كان موقفهم منه : التكذيب والإِعراض ، كما قال - سبحانه - : ( فَكَذَّبُوه ) أى : فيما أمرهم به ، وفيما نهاهم عنه .( فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرجفة ) أى : فأهلكهم الله - تعالى - بسبب تكذيبهم لنبيهم بالرجفة ، وهى الزلزلة الشديدة . رجفت الأرض ، إذا اضطربت اضطرابا شديدا .ولا تعارض هنا بين قوله - تعالى - : ( فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرجفة ) وبين قوله - سبحانه - فى سورة الحجر : ( فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصيحة ) لأنه يجوز أن الله - تعالى - جعل لإِهلاكهم سببين : الأول : أن جبريل - عليه السلام - صاح بهم صيحة شديدة أذهلتهم ، ثم رجفت بهم الأرض فأهلكتهم . وبعضهم قال : إن الرجفة والصيحة بمعنى واحد .وقوله - تعالى - : ( فَأَصْبَحُواْ فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ ) بيان لما آل إليه أمرهم بعد هلاكهم .والمراد بدارهم : مساكنهم التى يسكنونها ، أو قريتهم التى يعيشون بها وقوله : ( جَاثِمِينَ ) من الجثوم ، وهو للناس والطيور بمنزلة البروك للإِبل . يقال : جثم الطائر يجثم جثما وجثوما فهو جاثم - من باب ضرب - ، إذا وقع على صدره ولزم مكانه فلم يبرحه .أى : فأصحبوا فى مساكنهم هامدين ميتين لا تحس لهم حركة ، ولا تسمع لهم ركزا .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ (37)يقول تعالى ذكره: فكذّب أهل مَدينَ شعيبا فيما أتاهم به عن الله من الرسالة، فأخذتهم رَجْفة العَذاب ( فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ ) جُثوما، بعضُهم على بعض مَوْتَى.كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قَتادة ( فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ ) : أي ميتين.
"فكذبوه فأخذتهم الرجفة فأصبحوا في دارهم جاثمين".
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ (37)الأخذ : الإعدام والإهلاك؛ شبه الإعدام بالأخذ بجامع الإزالة .و { الرجفة } : الزلزال الشديد الذي ترتجف منه الأرض ، وفي سورة هود سُميت بالصيحة لأن لتلك الرجفة صوتاً شديداً كالصيحة . وتقدم تفسير ذلك .وقد أشير في قصة إبراهيم ولوط إلى ما له تعلق بالغرض المسوق فيه ، وهو المصابرة على إبلاغ الرسالة ، والصبر على أذى الكافرين ، ونصر الله إياهما ، وتعذيب الكافرين وإنجاء المؤمنين .
فكذبوه فأخذهم عذاب اللّه { فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ }
عثي يعثى وعثا يعثو بمعنى واحد . وقد تقدم . وقيل : وارجوا اليوم الآخر أي صدقوا به فإن القوم كانوا ينكرونه .
The community, to which Shu‘ayb was appointed as prophet, was a trading community. Its members, however, became so greedy that they resorted to earning through unfair and fraudulent means. This was how they spread corruption in the land. Legitimate trade is the rightful method of earning, while fraud and exploitation are sinful. Shu‘ayb exhorted his people not to be unmindful of the Hereafter while in pursuit of worldly gain. He beseeched them to adopt a way of life by which they could hope for a better fate in the Hereafter. But, despite the best efforts of the prophet, his community did not pay heed to his exhortations, with the result that, in accordance with the Laws of God, it was destroyed. Their homes, which had reverberated with life, became houses of death and destruction for them.
Commentary
وَلُوطًا إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ (And [ We sent ] Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) when he said to his people, "Indeed you commit the shameful act - 29:28). Here Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) has described three vicious sins of his people. One, unnatural offence of man with man; two, highway robbery against travelers; and three, commitment of sin openly before others in their group meetings. There is no specification of the third sin in the Holy Qur'an. Thus, it is deduced that every sin, which is a sin in its own right, if committed openly with indifference, it becomes a double sin, irrespective of the type of sin. At this point, some Imams of Tafsir (exegesis) have listed all such sins, which these wretched persons used to commit in their meetings. For instance, throwing stones on travelers and making fun of them, as Umm Hani' ؓ reports it in a hadith. Other commentators have reported that these insolent people were in the habit of committing sins openly before all others.
Out of the three sins mentioned in this verse the first one is most disgusting, which was never committed before in the whole world, and even wild beasts abstain from it. The entire ummah is unanimous on that it is a worse sin than adultery. (Ruh)
(But they denied him) they rejected his message, (and the dreadful earthquake took them) as a punishment, (and morning found them prostrate in their dwelling-place) and morning found them dead in their compound, without any movement.