The Angels, Originator, The Creator — Verse 30

The Muslims will be the Ones Who gain in the Hereafter Here Allah tells us that His believing servants, who recite and believe in His Book, and do the deeds prescribed in it such as establishing regular prayer at the prescribed times, night and day, spending (in charity) out of that which Allah has provided for them secretly and openly, يَرْجُونَ تِجَـرَةً لَّن تَبُورَ (they hope for a (sure) trade-gain that will never perish.) means, they hope for a reward from Allah which will inevitably be theirs. Allah says: لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ (That He may pay them their wages in full, and give them (even) more, out of His grace.) meaning, that He may give them a reward for what they have done, and multiply it by adding more, such as has never occurred to them. إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ (Verily, He is Oft-Forgiving,) means, He forgives their sins, شَكُورٍ (Most Ready to appreciate.) means, He appreciates even a little of their good deeds.

that He may pay them in full their rewards the reward for their mentioned deeds and enrich them out of His bounty. Truly He is Forgiving of their sins Appreciative of their obedience.

إن الذين يقرؤون القرآن، ويعملون به، وداوموا على الصلاة في أوقاتها، وأنفقوا مما رزقناهم من أنواع النفقات الواجبة والمستحبة سرًّا وجهرًا، هؤلاء يرجون بذلك تجارة لن تكسد ولن تهلك، ألا وهي رضا ربهم، والفوز بجزيل ثوابه؛ ليوفيهم الله تعالى ثواب أعمالهم كاملا غير منقوص، ويضاعف لهم الحسنات من فضله، إن الله غفور لسيئاتهم، شكور لحسناتهم، يثيبهم عليها الجزيل من الثواب.

ولهذا قال تعالى: "ليوفيهم أجورهم ويزيدهم من فضله" أي ليوفيهم ثواب ما عملوه ويضاعفه لهم بزيادات لم تخطر لهم "إنه غفور" أى لذنوبهم "شكور" للقليل من أعمالهم. قال قتادة كان مطرف رحمه الله إذا قرأ هذه الآية يقول هذه آية القراء قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا أبو عبدالرحمن حدثنا حيوة حدثنا سالم بن غيلان قال: إنه سمع دراجا أبا السمح يحدث به أبي الهيثم عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه قال: إنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول "إن الله تعالى إذا رضي عن العبد أثنى عليه بسبعة أصناف من الخير لم يعمله وإذا سخط على العبد أثنى عليه بسبعة أضعاف من الشر لم يعمله" غريب جدا.

واللام فى قوله : ( لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ . . ) متعلقة بقوله ( لَّن تَبُورَ ) على معنى ، يرجون تجارة لن تكسد لأجل أن يفويهم أجورهم التى وعدهم بها ، ويزيدهم فى الدنيا والآخرة من فضله ونعمه وعطائه .أو متعلقة بمحذوف ، والتقدير : فعلوا ما فعلوا ليوفيهم أجورهم ويزيدهم من فضله ( إِنَّهُ ) - سبحانه - ( غَفُورٌ ) أى : واسع المغفرة ( شَكُورٌ ) أى : كثير العطاء لمن يطيعه ويؤدى ما كلفه به .

وقوله (لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ) يقول: ويوفيهم الله على فعلهم ذلك ثواب أعمالهم التى عملوها في الدنيا(وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ) يقول: وكي يزيدهم على الوفاء من فضله ما هو له أهل، وكان مطرف بن عبد الله يقول: هذه آية القراء.حدثنا محمد بن بشار قال: ثنا عمرو بن عاصم قال: ثنا معتمر عن أبيه، عن قتادة قال: كان مطرف إذا مر بهذه الآية ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ ) يقول: هذه آية القراء.حدثنا ابن المثنى قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر قال: ثنا شعبة، عن يزيد، عن مطرف بن عبد الله أنه قال في هذه الآية ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ ...) إلى آخر الآية، قال: هذه آية القراء.حدثنا بشر، قال : ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قال: كان مطرف بن عبد الله يقول: هذه آية القراء (لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ).وقوله (إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ) يقول: إن الله غفور لذنوب هؤلاء القوم الذين هذه صفتهم شكور لحسناتهم.كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة (إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ) إنه غفور لذنوبهم، شكور لحسناتهم.

( ليوفيهم أجورهم ) جزاء أعمالهم بالثواب ( ويزيدهم من فضله ) قال ابن عباس : يعني سوى الثواب مما لم تر عين ولم تسمع أذن ( إنه غفور شكور ) قال ابن عباس : يغفر العظيم من ذنوبهم ويشكر اليسير من أعمالهم .

لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ (30)و { ليوفيهم } متعلق ب { يرجون } ، أي بشرناهم بذلك وقدَّرناه لهم لنوفيهم أجورهم . ووقع الالتفات من التكلم في قوله : { مما رزقناهم } إلى الغيبة رجوعاً إلى سياق الغيبة من قوله : { يتلون كتاب الله } أي ليوفي الله الذين يتلون كتابه .والتوفية : جعل الشيء وافِياً ، أي تامّاً لا نقيصة فيه ولا غبن .وأسْجلَ عليهم الفضل بأنه يزيدهم على ما تستحقه أعمالهم ثواباً من فضله ، أي كرمه ، وهو مضاعفة الحسنات الواردة في قوله تعالى : { كمثل حبة أنبتت سبع سنابل في كل سنبلة مائة حبة } [ البقرة : 261 ] الآية .وذيل هذا الوعد بما يحققه وهو أن الغفران والشكران من شأنه ، فإنّ من صفاته الغفور الشكور ، أي الكثير المغفرة والشديد الشكر .فالمغفرة تأتي على تقصير العباد المطيعين ، فإن طاعة الله الحقّ التي هي بالقلب والعمل والخواطر لا يبلغ حق الوفاء بها إلا المعصوم ولكن الله تجاوز عن الأمة فيما حدّثت به أنفسها ، وفيما همت به ولم تفعله ، وفي اللمم ، وفي محو الذنوب الماضية بالتوبة ، والشكر كناية عن مضاعفة الحسنات على أعمالهم فهو شكر بالعمل لأن الذي يجازي على عمل المجزيّ بجزاء وافر يدل جزاؤه على أنه حمد للفاعل فعله .وأكد هذا الخبر بحرف التأكيد زيادة في تحقيقه ، ولما في التأكيد من الإِيذان بكون ذلك علة لتوفية الأجور والزيادة فيها .وفي الآية ما يشمل ثواب قُرَّاء القرآن ، فإنهم يصدق عنهم أنهم من الذين يتلون كتاب الله ويقيمون الصلاة ولو لم يصاحبهم التدبر في القرآن فإن للتلاوة حظها من الثواب والتنوّر بأنوار كلام الله .

وذكر أنهم حصل لهم ما رجوه فقال: { لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ } أي: أجور أعمالهم، على حسب قلتها وكثرتها، وحسنها وعدمه، { وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ } زيادة عن أجورهم. { إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ } غفر لهم السيئات، وقبل منهم القليل من الحسنات.

ليوفيهم أجورهم ويزيدهم من فضله قيل : الزيادة الشفاعة في الآخرة . وهذا مثل الآية الأخرى : رجال لا تلهيهم تجارة ولا بيع عن ذكر الله إلى قوله ويزيدهم من فضله ، وقوله في آخر النساء : فأما الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات فيوفيهم أجورهم ويزيدهم من فضله وهناك بيناه . إنه غفور للذنوب . شكور يقبل القليل من العمل الخالص ، ويثيب عليه الجزيل من الثواب .

The man of knowledge is one who experiences a deep realization of God (ma‘rifah) and one who attains this state, makes the Book of God, a guide in his thinking processes; he becomes a pious subject of God. Moreover, he becomes so kind to his fellow human beings that he sets apart a share from his hard-earned income for them. He gathers the courage to devote himself body and soul to God’s tasks and is content with the knowledge that he will be rewarded in the Hereafter. One of the proofs of the Quran being true is that it tallies exactly with forecasts made in the previous divine scriptures. If a man is serious and sincere, this very fact will be enough to make him have faith in Quran.

Commentary Mentioned earlier, in verse 28, there was a quality of true ` Ulama' who acknowledge Allah. This quality related to the heart. It was to have Allah's awe in the heart. In the first of the present verses (29), some those qualities of the same blessed people, the awliya' or men of Allah, are mentioned that find expression through outward parts of the body. Out of these, the first quality is the tilawah (recitation) of the Qur'an. This denotes the people who recite the Book of Allah constantly. The use of the aorist tense (mudari) in: یَتلُونَ (yatluna: they recite) releases a hint in this direction. Then, there are other elders who have taken: یَتلُونَ (yatluna) at this place in its literal sense, that is, they follow the Qur'an in deed. But, the first Tafsir is weightier, even though, it also stands determined from the context that recitation can be trustworthy only when it brings forth actions in accordance with the Qur'an. But, the word: تِلَاوَت (tilawah or recitation) used here appears in its recognized sense. Similarly, Mutarrif Ibn ` Abdullah Ibn Shikhkhir (رح) said: ھَذِہٖ آیَۃُ القُرَّاِء (This verse is for al-qurra' ), the phoneticians of the Qur'an, who make the recitation of the Qur'an their special activity of life. The second quality they have is the establishing of Salah and the third is the spending of their wealth in the way of Allah. When the text says 'secretly and openly', it indicates that it is often better to spend secretly in order to stay safe from riya' (show off) in acts of worship. But, there are occasions when religious considerations require that it should be done openly, as in the case of congregational prayers for which the command is to call adhan from minarets and perform salah openly with the highest possible attendance. Similarly, there are occasions when it is necessary to let spending in the way of Allah be open in order to persuade others to do the same. Muslim jurists have laid out details in the matter of salah and spending in the way of Allah. According to them, when it is فَرض fard (obligatory), Wajib (necessary) or sunnah mu'akkadah (emphasized sunnah), doing this openly is better. Other than this, when doing nafl salah, it is better to do it privately. Similarly, in instances when spending one's wealth is Fard or Wajib, such as, the obligatory Zakah or sadaqatul-fitr or qurbani, spending openly on these is better and worthy of more merit. As for the rest of voluntary charities (Sadaqatun-nafilah), spending these secretly carries more merit and grace. From people who carry these three qualities in their person, that is, they recite the Qur'an constantly, establish salah as due and spend in the way of Allah cheerfully, it is also expected that they would not simply stop at Fard and Wajib spending, rather, would also be contributing to voluntary charities. Identified next, there is yet another attribute of theirs: (they hope for a trade that will never crash,). The expression: يَرْ‌جُونَ تِجَارَ‌ةً لَّن تَبُورَ‌ (Ian tabur) is a derivation from: بَوَار (bawar) which means to go waste. The verse means that believers having these attributes hope to go in a trade that never runs into a loss. The very word: يَرْ‌جُونَ (yarjun: hope) indicates that a believer has no room for certainty in any good deed done by him or her in this mortal world. No one can say it will definitely bring forgiveness to them and that they will get its reward for sure - because, no matter how good one is in deeds, one simply cannot fulfill the right of reverence and worship Allah Ta’ ala has on His servants. Therefore, forgiveness for one and all will not be possible without the grace of Allah Ta’ ala, as has been clearly stated in a Hadith. In addition to that, with the doing of everything good, one should not neglect the danger of some secret trick of Satan or one's own self getting mixed up with so many good deeds because of which they do not remain acceptable. Or, on occasions, along with a good deed, some bad deed gets to be committed which in turn stops the good deed from being accepted. Therefore, by introducing the word: يَرْ‌جُونَ (yarjun: hope) in the verse, it was pointed out that even after having become particular with all possible good deeds, no one has the right to become sure of his or her salvation and of high ranks that follow in its wake. The most one can do is hope. (Ruh- ul Ma’ ani) Good deeds likened with trade In this verse, good deeds mentioned above have been likened to a trading activity - as it was done in another verse where Faith and Jihad in the way of Allah have been expressed as trade or business deal: هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ تِجَارَ‌ةٍ تُنجِيكُم مِّنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّـهِ وَرَ‌سُولِهِ وَتُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنفُسِكُمْ O those who believe, shall I tell you about a trade that saves you from a painful punishment? (It is that) you believe in Allah and His Messenger, and carry out Jihad in His way with your riches and your lives - As-Saff, 61:10). It has been characterized as trade in the sense that a trader invests his capital and time in some venture only when he hopes that by doing so, his capital will increase and he will profit by it. But, every trading activity in this world is hemmed with the probability of loss along with the hope of profit. In the present verse, by adding the word: لَن تَبُور (lan tabur) to trade, it was pointed out that in this deal made for the sake of the benefits of the Hereafter, there was no probability of a loss. Then, the good people of Allah who take pains to do what is good and right do not go about running a business as businesses are commonly run. Instead of that, they hope to engage in a trading activity that never suffers a loss. As for the mention of the stance of hope on the part of such people, it serves as a delicate hint in the direction that Allah Ta’ ala is the noblest of the noble and the most generous of the generous, so He will not sever the hope of the hopeful, instead, would fulfill it. In fact, in the next sentence, it was also said that their hope is limited to receiving only a full return of their deed, but Allah Ta ala would, in His infinite mercy, bestow on them much more, far more than they would have ever hoped: لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَ‌هُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ (so that He pays them their rewards in full, and gives them more out of His grace - 30). The word: لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ (liyuwaffiahum: so that He pays them in full) is connected with لَّن تَبُور‌ (lan tabur: has no loss), that is, this trade of theirs not only that it admits of no loss, but that it will also bring their return and reward in full, and in addition to that, Allah Ta’ ala will bless them, out of His grace, with much more, rather, far beyond their fondest hopes of returns. Included within this grace and increase is the promise of Allah Ta’ ala that He rewards the deed of a believer multiplied many times, the lowest denominator of which could be ten times of the deed, and the highest could reach seven hundred times, even higher than that. Then, also included in this grace is the acceptance of their intercession on behalf of sinners - as it appears in a Hadith narrated by Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ where he has reported the explanation of this grace from the Holy Prophet ﷺ : 'These people will intercede on behalf of anyone who had done some favor to them during the life of the mortal world. Then, despite being deserving of the punishment of Jahannam, such people will stand delivered of it by virtue of their intercession.' (Tafsir Mazhari with reference to Ibn Abi Hatim) (And it is obvious that intercession will be possible only for the people of faith. No one will be allowed to intercede on behalf of a disbeliever). Similarly, the foremost part of this grace is that they will have an opportunity to see Allah Ta’ ala.

(That He) Allah (will pay them their wages) their reward in Paradise (and increase them of His grace) one to tenfolds. (Lo! He is Forgiving) He forgives their great sins, (Responsive) for their works; He is thankful for people's little works and rewards them abundantly.