The Troops, Throngs, The Companies — Verse 50

How Man changes when He is blessed after suffering Harm Allah tells us how man, when he is suffering from harm, prays to Allah, turning to Him in repentance and calling upon Him, but when He makes things easy for him, he transgresses and commits sins. إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ (Only because of knowledge I obtained it.) means, `because Allah knows that I deserve it; if it were not for the fact that Allah regards me as special, He would not have given me this.' Qatadah said, "Because I know that I deserve it." Allah says: بَلْ هِىَ فِتْنَةٌ (Nay, it is only a trial,) meaning, `the matter is not as he claims; on the contrary, We have blessed him with this as a test to see whether he will be obedient or disobedient -- although We have prior knowledge of that.' In fact, it is a trial. وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ (but most of them know not!) So they say what they say and claim what they claim. قَدْ قَالَهَا الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ (Verily, those before them said it,) means, the previous nations who came before said the same things and made the same claims, فَمَآ أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَكْسِبُونَ (yet (all) that they had earned availed them not. ) means, what they said was not right and all that they had gathered did not save them. فَأَصَـبَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا كَسَبُواْ وَالَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنْ هَـؤُلاَءِ (So, the evil results of that which they earned overtook them. And those who did wrong of these...) means, the people who are addressed here, سَيُصِيبُهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا كَسَبُواْ (will also be overtaken by the evil results (torment) for that which they earned;) just as happened to those earlier peoples. وَمَا هُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ (and they will never be able to escape.) This is like the Ayah in which Allah tells us how Qarun reacted when his people told him: إِنَّ قَـرُونَ كَانَ مِن قَوْمِ مُوسَى فَبَغَى عَلَيْهِمْ وَءَاتَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْكُنُوزِ مَآ إِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهُ لَتَنُوأُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ أُوْلِى الْقُوَّةِ إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ قَوْمُهُ لاَ تَفْرَحْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْفَرِحِينَ - وَابْتَغِ فِيمَآ ءَاتَاكَ اللَّهُ الدَّارَ الاٌّخِرَةَ وَلاَ تَنسَ نَصِيبَكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَأَحْسِن كَمَآ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَلاَ تَبْغِ الْفَسَادَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ - قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ عِندِى أَوَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَهْلَكَ مِن قَبْلِهِ مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مَنْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرُ جَمْعاً وَلاَ يُسْأَلُ عَن ذُنُوبِهِمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ ("Do not exult, verily, Allah likes not those who exult. But seek, with that (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on you, the home of the Hereafter, and forget not your portion of lawful enjoyment in this world; and do good as Allah has been good to you, and seek not mischief in the land. Verily, Allah likes not the corrupters." He said: "This has been given to me only because of the knowledge I possess." Did he not know that Allah had destroyed before him generations, men who were stronger than him in might and greater in the amount (of riches) they had collected But the criminals will not be questioned of their sins.") (28:76-78). And Allah says: وَقَالُواْ نَحْنُ أَكْثَـرُ أَمْوَلاً وَأَوْلَـداً وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ (And they say: "We are more in wealth and in children, and we are not going to be punished.") (34:35). أَوَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ (Do they not know that Allah expands the provision for whom He wills, and straitens it.) means, He gives plenty to some and restricts the provision for others. إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (Verily, in this are signs for the folk who believe!) means, there is a lesson and proof.

Already the same was said by those who were before them of communities such as Korah and those of his people who were content with such a saying. But what they used to earn did not avail them.

قد قال مقالتهم هذه مَن قبلهم من الأمم الخالية المكذبة، فما أغنى عنهم حين جاءهم العذاب ما كانوا يكسبونه من الأموال والأولاد.

أي قد قال هذه المقالة وزعم هذا الزعم وادعى هذه الدعوى كثير ممن سلف من الأمم "فما أغنى عنهم ما كانوا يكسبون" أي فما صح قولهم ولا نفعهم جمعهم وما كانوا يكسبون.

ثم بين - سبحانه - المصير السيئ للجاحدين السابقين ليعتبر بهم اللاحقون فقال : ( قَدْ قَالَهَا الذين مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَمَآ أغنى عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَكْسِبُونَ ) .والضمير فى قوله ( قَالَهَا ) يعود إلى ما حكاه - سبحانه - عن هذا الإِنسان الجاحد من قوله : ( إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ على عِلْمٍ ) .فهذه الكلمة قد قالها قارون عندما نصحه الناصحون ، فقد رد عليهم بقوله ( إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُ على عِلْمٍ عندي ) فكانت نهايته أن خسف الله به وبداره الأرض .أى : قد قال هذه الكلمة نهايته على الجحود والغرور ، بعض الأقوام الذين سبقوا قومك والذين يشبهونهم فى البطر والكنود ، فكانت نتيجة ذلك أن أخذهم الله - تعالى - أخذ عزيز مقتدر ، ولم ينفعهم شيئا ما جمعوه من حطام الدنيا ، وما اكتسبوه من متاعها .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : قَدْ قَالَهَا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (50)يقول تعالى ذكره: قد قال هذه المقالة يعني قولهم: لنعمة الله التي خولهم وهم مشركون: أوتيناه على علم عندنا( الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ) يعني: الذي من قبل مشركي قريش من الأمم الخالية لرسلها, تكذيبا منهم لهم, واستهزاء بهم. وقوله.( فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ ) يقول: فلم يغن عنهم حين أتاهم بأس الله على تكذيبهم رسل الله واستهزائهم بهم ما كانوا يكسبون من الأعمال, وذلك عبادتهم الأوثان. يقول: لم تنفعهم خدمتهم إياها, ولم تشفع آلهتهم لهم عند الله حينئذ, ولكنها أسلمتهم وتبرأت منهم.

( قد قالها الذين من قبلهم ) قال مقاتل : يعني قارون فإنه قال : " إنما أوتيته على علم عندي " ( القصص - 78 ) ( فما أغنى عنهم ما كانوا يكسبون ) فما أغنى عنهم الكفر من العذاب شيئا .

قَدْ قَالَهَا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (50) جملة { قد قالها } مبيّنة لمضمون { هي فتنة } [ الزمر : 49 ] لأن بيان مغبة الذين قالوا هذا القول في شأن النعمة التي تنالهم يبين أن نعمة هؤلاء كانت فتنة لهم . وضمير قالَهَا } عائد إلى قول القائل { إنما أوتيته على علم } [ الزمر : 49 ] ، على تأويل القول بالكلمة التي هي الجملة كقوله تعالى : { قال رب ارجعون لعلي أعمل صالحاً فيما تركت كلا إنها كلمة هو قائلها } [ المؤمنون : 99 ، 100 ] .و { الذين من قبلهم } هم غير المتدينين ممن سلفوا ممن علمهم الله ، ومنهم قارون وقد حكى عنه في سورة القصص أنه قال ذلك .والمراد ب { ما كانوا يكسبون } ما كسبوه من أموال . وعدمُ إغنائه عنهم أنهم لم يستطيعوا دفع العذاب بأموالهم . والفاء في { فما أغنى عنهم ما كانوا يكسبون } لتفريع عدم إغناء ما كسبوه على مقالتهم تلكَ فإن عدم الإغناء مشعر بأنهم حل بهم من السوء ما شأن مثله أن يتطلب صاحبه الافتداء منه

قوله تعالى : " قد قالها " أنث على تأنيث الكلمة . الذين من قبلهم يعني الكفار قبلهم كقارون وغيره حيث قال : إنما أوتيته على علم عندي .فما أغنى عنهم ما كانوا يكسبون ما للجحد أي : لم تغن عنهم أموالهم ولا أولادهم من عذاب الله شيئا . وقيل : أي : فما الذي أغنى أموالهم ؟ ف " ما " استفهام .

In the world, when man achieves anything, he is very happy to think that it is the result of his own talents. The fact is that the things of the world are meant as a trial for him and not as a reward for his talents. To know this fact is to have real knowledge. If a man considers that the things of this world are within his grasp because of his talents, he develops the mentality of pride and vanity. On the contrary, if a man considers them as items of trial, feelings of gratitude and humility will be engendered in him. The increase or decrease in the provision of man in this world is a matter which is beyond human powers. It appears that there is a power beyond the human sphere which decides who should receive more and who should receive less. This shows that decisions regarding provision is not made on the basis of personal talents. It is decided on some other basis, and that basis is that this world is a testing ground and not a place for the handing out of rewards. So, whatever a man receives in this world is for his trial. The Examiner, at his discretion, gives one type of examination paper to one person and another type of paper to another. He tries one person under one set of conditions, while He tries others under a different set of conditions.

In verse 47, it was said: وَبَدَا لَهُم مِّنَ اللَّـهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَحْتَسِبُونَ (And there will appear to them from Allah what they have never imagined.) The famous tabi` i, Sufyan Thawri recited this verse and said, 'Ruined are those who did good deeds only to pretend their piety before people. (He repeated this sentence twice) This verse is about them. They did good deeds in their mortal life to impress people, who took them to be good people. Even they themselves used to deceive themselves by thinking that these deeds will become a source of salvation for them in the Hereafter. But, as these were never performed with unalloyed sincerity ('ikhlas), they deserve no reward in the sight of Allah. So, once they are in the life after death, the punishment would come upon them suddenly against their expectation.' (Qurtubi) An important instruction concerning 'mushajarat' (disagreements among Sahabah) Someone asked Rabi' Ibn-u1_-Khaitham about the shahadah (martyrdom) of Sayyidna Husain ؓ . He sighed and recited the verse (46): قُلِ اللَّـهُمَّ فَاطِرَ‌ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْ‌ضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ ( O Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You will judge between Your servants...) and said, 'whenever you have a doubt in your heart about the mutual difference of the noble Sahabah, do recite this verse.' Tafsir Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani reports this statement and then says: This teaches us the best etiquette in regard to this issue, and is something one should always bear in mind.

(Those before them) before your people, O Muhammad, such as Korah and others (said it) claimed this claim, (yet (all) that they had earned availed them not) what they used to do and say as well as what they used to worship beside Allah and amass of wealth did not benefit them in driving away Allah's punishment;