The Moon — Verse 11

Then We opened read fa-fatahnā or fa-fattahnā the gates of the heaven with torrential waters waters pouring down intensely

فأجبنا دعاءه، ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء كثير متدفق، وشققنا الأرض عيونًا متفجرة بالماء، فالتقى ماء السماء وماء الأرض على إهلاكهم الذي قدَّره الله لهم؛ جزاء شركهم.

قال السدي وهو الكثير قال ابن جريج عن ابن عباس "ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر" كثير لم تمطر السماء قبل ذلك اليوم ولا بعده إلا من السحاب فتحت أبواب السماء بالماء من غير سحاب ذلك اليوم فالتقى الماآن على أمر قد قدر وروى ابن أبي حاتم أن ابن الكواء سأل عليا عن المجرة فقال هي شرج السماء ومنها فتحت السماء بماء منهمر.

ولقد كانت نتيجة هذا الدعاء ، الإجابة السريعة ، كما يشعر بذلك التعبير بالفاء فى قوله - تعالى - بعد ذلك : ( فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَابَ السمآء بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ ) .أى : فأجبنا لنوح دعاءه ، ففتحنا أبوبا السماء بماء كثير منهمر ، أى : منصب على الأرض بقوة وبكثرة وتتابع . يقال : همر فلان الماء يهمر - بكسر الميم وضمها - إذا صبه بكثرة . وقراءة الجمهور ( فَفَتَحْنَآ ) بتخفيف التاء ، وقرأ ابن عامر بتشديدها على المبالغة .قال الجمل : والمراد من الفتح والأبواب والسماء : حقائقها فإن للسماء أبوابا تفتح وتغلق . والباء فى قوله : ( بِمَاءٍ ) للتعدية على المبالغة ، حيث جعل الماء كالآلة التى يفتح بها ، كما تقول : فتحت بالمفتاح .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَفَتَحْنَا أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ (11)يقول تعالى ذكره ( فَفَتَحْنَا ) لما دعانا نوح مستغيثا بنا على قومه ( أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ ) وهو المندفق, كما قال امرؤ القيس في صفة غيث:رَاحَ تَمْريــه الصبــا ثُـمَّ انْتَحَـىفِيــهِ شُــؤْبُوبُ جــنوبٍ مُنْهَمِـرْ (3)وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان ( بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ ) قال: ينصبّ انصبابا.-----------------الهوامش :(3) البيت لامرئ القيس بن حجر ، من مقطوعة في ثمانية أبيات يصف فيها غيثا : ( مختار الشعر الجاهلي بشرح مصطفى السقا طبعة الحلبي 110 - 111 ) قال شارحه : راح : عاد السحاب بالمطر آخر النهار . وتمريه : تستدبره ، وأصله من مرى الضرع ، وهو مسحه باليد ليدر ، والسحاب حين تضربه ريح الصبا الباردة ، يتجمع ويتكاثف ، فيسقط مطرا ، ثم جاءت الجنوب عندهم محملة بالأمطار من بحر الهند ، فأضافت إلى هذا السحاب شؤبوبا آخر جنوبيًّا ، فتضاعف المطر وانهمر انهمارًا. أ . هـ . وموضع الشاهد في البيت : أن المنهمر في قوله تعالى : " بماء منهمر " معناه : المتدفق . الشديد الانصباب أ . هـ .

( ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر ) منصب انصبابا شديدا ، لم ينقطع أربعين يوما ، وقال يمان : قد طبق ما بين السماء والأرض .

فَفَتَحْنَا أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ (11(وجملة { ففتحنا أبواب السماء } إلى آخرها مفرعة على جملة { فدعا ربه } ، ففهم من التفريع أن الله استجاب دعوته وأن إرسال هذه المياه عقاب لقوم نوح . وحاصل المعنى : فأرسلنا عليهم الطوفان بهذه الكيفية المحكمة السريعة .وقرأ الجمهور { ففتحنا } بتخفيف التاء . وقرأه ابن عامر بتشديدها على المبالغة . والفتح بمعنى شدة هطول المطر .وجملة { ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر } مركب تمثيلي لهيئة اندفاق الأمطار من الجو بهيئة خروج الجماعات من أبواب الدار على طريقة :وسالتْ بأعناق المطيّ الأباطح ... والمنهمر : المنصب ، أي المصبوب يقال : عمرَ الماء إذا صبه ، أي نازل بقوة .والتفجير : إسالة الماء ، يقال : تفجر الماء ، إذا سال ، قال تعالى : { حتى تفجر لنا من الأرض ينبوعاً } [ الإسراء : 90 ] .

فأجاب الله سؤاله، وانتصر له من قومه، قال تعالى: { فَفَتَحْنَا أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ } أي: كثير جدا متتابع

ففتحنا أبواب السماء أي فأجبنا دعاءه وأمرناه باتخاذ السفينة وفتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر أي كثير ; قاله السدي . قال الشاعر :أعيني جودا بالدموع الهوامر على خير باد من معد وحاضروقيل : إنه المنصب المتدفق ; ومنه قول امرئ القيس يصف غيثا :راح تمريه الصبا ثم انتحى فيه شؤبوب جنوب منهمرالهمر الصب ; وقد همر الماء والدمع يهمر همرا . وهمر أيضا إذا أكثر الكلام وأسرع . وهمر له من ماله أي أعطاه . قال ابن عباس : ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر من غير سحاب لم يقلع أربعين يوما . وقرأ ابن عامر ويعقوب : " ففتحنا " مشددة على التكثير . الباقون " ففتحنا " مخففا . ثم قيل : إنه فتح رتاجها وسعة مسالكها . وقيل : إنه المجرة وهي شرج السماء ومنها فتحت بماء منهمر ; قاله علي رضي الله عنه .

The leaders of Noah’s community, consumed as they were by false prestige, were not prepared to accept Noah. The result was that they were afflicted by the retribution of God. This punishment came upon them in the shape of a terrible flood. The entire people and their dwellings were submerged in it. But, Noah and his companions, as commanded by God, boarded an ark. This vessel sailed forth and stopped at Mount Judi in the Mount Ararat range. Ararat is in Turkey. The highest mountain of the region, it rises to 16, 853 ft. Certain aeroplane pilots claim that, while flying over the snow-covered Ararat peak, they have seen some boat-like thing caught up in the snow there. If this is correct, then just as the dead body of Pharaoh (of Moses’s period) was extracted from its pyramid in the late nineteenth century and became a sign of God ( 10:92 ), similarly perhaps Noah’s ark may be discovered and become a sign of God for mankind.

The Story of the People of Nuh (علیہ السلام) and the Lesson Learnt from it مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ‌ (and said, " (He is) a madman", and he was threatened...54:9). The word wazdujira literally denotes 'he was rebuked'. It refers to the attitude of the people of Nuh علیہ السلام who rebuked and threatened him to stop him from preaching. On another occasion in the Qur'an, we read that the people of Nuh (علیہ السلام) threatened and warned him that if he does not stop propagating his message, he would be stoned to death. ` Abd Ibn Humaid reports from Mujahid that when some of his people found him somewhere, they would choke him, as a result he would become unconscious. But when he recovered, he would pray to Allah, '0 Allah! Forgive my people, for they do not know the truth'. In this way, he endured the persecution of his people patiently for nine hundred and fifty years, prayed for their forgiveness and understanding of the truth. Eventually, when the situation became intolerable, and he could no longer resist his people, he invoked Allah to help him against them. As a result, Allah opened the gates of the heaven with torrential rain, and the entire nation was drowned which is mentioned in the forthcoming verse.

(Then opened We the gates of heaven) for 40 days (with pouring water) with pouring rain.

The Story of the People of Nuh and the Lesson from it Allah the Exalted said, كَذَّبَتْ (denied) `before your people, O Muhammad,' قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُواْ عَبْدَنَا (the people of Nuh. They rejected Our servant) means, they denied him categorically and accused him of madness, وَقَالُواْ مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ (and said: "A madman!" Wazdujir.) Mujahid said about Wazdujir: "He was driven out accused on account of madness." It was also said that Wazdujir means, he was rebuked, deterred, threatened and warned by his people saying: لَئِنْ لَّمْ تَنْتَهِ ينُوحُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُرْجُومِينَ ("If you do not stop O Nuh, you will be among those who will be stoned.") 26:116 This was said by Ibn Zayd, and it is sound. فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنُّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!") meaning, `I am weak and cannot overcome or resist my people, so help Your religion!' Allah the Exalted said, فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَبَ السَّمَآءِ بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ (So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir.) As-Suddi said about Munhamir, "It means abundant." وَفَجَّرْنَا الاٌّرْضَ عُيُوناً (And We caused springs to gush forth from the earth.) means, from every part of the earth, and even ovens in which fire was burning -- water and springs gushed forth, فَالْتَقَى المَآءُ (So, the waters met), means, of the heaven and the earth, عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ (for a matter predestined.) Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn `Abbas: فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَبَ السَّمَآءِ بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ (So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir), Torrential rain, the only water that fell from the sky before that day and ever since was from clouds. But the sky's gates were opened on them that day, and therefore, the water that came down was not from clouds. So both the waters (of the earth and the heaven) met according to a matter ordained." Allah said, وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى ذَاتِ أَلْوَحٍ وَدُسُرٍ (And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur)), Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Qurazi, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said that Dusur means nails. Ibn Jarir preferred this view. Allah's statement, تَجْرِى بِأَعْيُنِنَا (Floating under Our Eyes), means, `by Our command and under Our protection and observation,' جَزَآءً لِّمَن كَانَ كُفِرَ (a reward for him who had been rejected!) meaning, as recompense for them because of their disbelief in Allah and as reward for Nuh, peace be upon him. Allah the Exalted said, وَلَقَدْ تَّرَكْنَـهَا ءايَةً (And indeed, We have left this as a sign.) Qatadah said, "Allah left the ship of Nuh intact until the first generation of this Ummah were able to see it." However, it appears that the meaning here is that Allah kept ships as a sign. For instance, Allah the Exalted said, وَءَايَةٌ لَّهُمْ أَنَّا حَمَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ - وَخَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ مَا يَرْكَبُونَ (And a sign for them is that We bore their offspring in the laden ship. And We have created for them of the like thereunto, on which they ride.)(36:41-42), إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الْمَآءُ حَمَلْنَـكُمْ فِى الْجَارِيَةِ - لِنَجْعَلَهَا لَكُمْ تَذْكِرَةً وَتَعِيَهَآ أُذُنٌ وَعِيَةٌ (Verily, when the water rose beyond its limits, We carried you in the boat. That We might make it an admonition for you and that it might be retained by the retaining ears.)(69:11-12) Allah's statement here, فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ (Then is there any that will remember) means, `is there any that will receive admonition and reminder. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Prophet recited to me, فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ (Then is there any that will remember)" Al-Bukhari collected a similar Hadith from `Abdullah that he said, "I recited to the Prophet (فَهَلْ مِن مُّذَّكِرٍ) (then is there any that will remember) and the Prophet said, فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ (Then is there any that will remember)" Allah's statement, فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ (Then how (terrible) was My torment and My warnings) means, `how terrible was My torment that I inflicted on those who disbelieved in Me and denied My Messengers, who did not heed to My warnings How was My help that I extended to My Messengers and the revenge exerted on their behalf,' وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ (And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember); meaning, `We have made the Qur'an easy to recite and comprehend for those who seek these traits, to remind mankind,' as Allah said, كِتَـبٌ أَنزَلْنَـهُ إِلَيْكَ مُبَـرَكٌ لِّيَدَّبَّرُواْ ءَايَـتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُوْلُو الاٌّلْبَـبِ ((This is) a Book which We have sent down to you, full of blessings, that they may ponder over its Ayat, and that men of understanding may remember.)(38:29), فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَـهُ بِلَسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْماً لُّدّاً (So We have made this (the Qur'an) easy in your own tongue, only that you may give glad tidings to those who have Taqwa and warn with it the most quarrelsome people.)(19:97) Allah said, فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ (then is there any that will remember), meaning, `is there anyone who will remember through this Qur'an, which We made easy to memorize and easy to understand' Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi commented on this Ayah, "Is there anyone who will avoid evil"