The Night — Verse 11

And his wealth shall not mā is or negation avail him when he perishes in the Fire.

وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار.

وقوله تعالى "وما يغني عنه ماله إذا تردى" قال مجاهد: أي إذا مات وقال أبو صالح ومالك عن زيد بن أسلم إذا تردى في النار.

و " ما " فى قوله - سبحانه - : ( وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تردى ) يجوز أن تكون نافية . والتردى : السقوط من أعلى إلى أسفل . يقال : تردى فلان من فوق الجبل ، إذا سقط من أعلاه إلى أسفله ، والمراد به هنا : النزول إلى القبر بعد الموت ، أو السقوط فى النار بسبب الكفر والفسوق والعصيان ، من الردى بمعنى الهلاك .أى : ولا يغنى شيئا عن هذا الشقى الذى بخل واستغنى وكذب بالحسنى ، ماله وجاهه وكل ما كان يملكه فى الدنيا ، إذا سقط يوم القيامة فى النار .ويجوز أن تكون " ما " استفهامية : ويكون الاستفهام المقصود به الإِنكار والتوبيخ ، أى : وماذا يغنى عن هذا الشقى ماله بعد هلاكه ، وبعد ترديه فى جهنم يوم القيامة؟ إنه لن يغنى عنه شيئا ماله الذى بخل به فى الدنيا ، بل سيهوى فى جهنم دون أن يشفع له شافع ، أو ينصره ناصر ، وصدق الله إذْ يقول : ( وَنَرِثُهُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيَأْتِينَا فَرْداً ) وإن يقول : ( وَلَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا فرادى كَمَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَتَرَكْتُمْ مَّا خَوَّلْنَاكُمْ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِكُمْ . . . ).

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّى (11)يعني جلّ ثناؤه بقوله: ( وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ ) : أي شيء يدفع عن هذا الذي بخل بماله، واستغنى عن ربه، ماله يوم القيامة ( إِذًا ) هو ( تَرَدَّى ) .ثم اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل قوله: ( إِذَا تَرَدَّى ) فقال بعضهم: تأويله: إذا تردّى في جهنم: أي سقط فيها فَهَوى.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا الأشجعيّ، عن ابن أبي خالد، عن أبي صالح ( وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّى ) قال: في جهنم. قال أبو كُرَيب: قد سمع الأشجعيّ من إسماعيل ذلك.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، قوله: ( إِذَا تَرَدَّى ) قال: إذا تردّى في النار.وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: إذا مات.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن سفيان، عن ليث، عن مجاهد ( وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّى ) قال: إذا مات.حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( إِذَا تَرَدَّى ) قال: إذا ماتحدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا الأشجعيّ، عن سفيان، عن ليث، عن مجاهد، قال: إذا مات.وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: معناه: إذا تردّى في جهنم، لأن ذلك هو المعروف من التردّي، فأما إذا أُريد معنى الموت، فإنه يقال: رَدِيَ فلان، وقلما يقال: تردّى.

"وما يغني عنه ماله"، الذي بخل به، "إذا تردى"، قال مجاهد: إذا مات. وقال قتادة وأبو صالح: هوى في جهنم.

وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّى (11)وجملة : { وما يغني عنه ماله إذا تردى } عطف على جملة { فسنيسره للعسرى } أي سنعجل به إلى جهنم . فالتقدير : إذا تردّى فيها .والتردّي : السقوط من علوّ إلى سفل ، يعني : لا يغني عنه ماله الذي بخل به شيئاً من عذاب النار .و { مَا } يجوز أن تكون نافية . والتقدير : وسَوْف لا يغني عنه ماله إذا سقط في جهنم ، وتحتمل أن تكون استفهامية وهو استفهام إنكار وتوبيخ . ويجوز على هذا الوجه أن تكون الواو للاستئناف . والمعنى : وما يغني عنه ماله الذي بخل به .رَوى ابن أبي حاتم عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس : «أنه كانت لرجل من المنافقين نخلة مائلة في دار رجل مسلم ذي عيال فإذا سقط منها ثمرٌ أكله صبيةٌ لذلك المسلم فكان صاحب النخلة ينزع من أيديهم الثمرة ، فشكا المسلم ذلك إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فكلم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صاحب النخلة أن يتركها لهم وله بها نخلة في الجنة فلم يفعل ، وسمع ذلك أبو الدحداح الأنصاري فاشترى تلك النخلة من صاحبها بحائط فيه أربعون نخلة وجاء إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : " يا رسول الله اشترِها مني بنخلة في الجنة فقال : نعم والذي نفسي بيده ، فأعطاها الرجلَ صاحب الصبية " قال عكرمة قال ابن عباس : فأنزل الله تعالى : { والليل إذا يغشى } [ الليل : 1 ] إلى قوله : { للعسرى } وهو حديث غريب ، ومن أجل قول ابن عباس : فأنزل الله تعالى : { والليل إذا يغشى } قال جماعة : السورة مدنية وقد بينا في المقدمة الخامسة أنه كثيراً ما يقع في كلام المتقدمين قولهم : فأنزل الله في كذا قوله كذا ، أنهم يريدون به أن القصّة ممّا تشمله الآية . وروي أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " كمْ من عَذْق رَدَاحْ في الجنة لأبي الدحداح " ولمح إليها بشار بن برد في قوله: ... إن النُحيلة إذْ يميل بها الهوىكالعَذق مال على أبي الدحداح ...

{ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ } الذي أطغاه واستغنى به، وبخل به إذا هلك ومات، فإنه لا يصحبه إلا عمله الصالح .وأما ماله [الذي لم يخرج منه الواجب] فإنه يكون وبالًا عليه، إذ لم يقدم منه لآخرته شيئًا.

قوله تعالى : وما يغني عنه ماله إذا تردى أي مات . يقال : ردي الرجل يردى ردى : إذا هلك . قال :صرفت الهوى عنهن من خشية الردىوقال أبو صالح وزيد بن أسلم : إذا تردى : سقط في جهنم ومنه المتردية . ويقال : ردي في البئر وتردى : إذا سقط في بئر ، أو تهور من جبل . يقال : ما أدري أين ردي ؟ أي أين ذهب . وما : يحتمل أن تكون جحدا أي ولا يغني عنه ماله شيئا ويحتمل أن تكون استفهاما معناه التوبيخ أي أي شيء يغني عنه إذا هلك ووقع في جهنم !

The relationship of God with His subjects is not only that of a ruler but also that of a supporter. He smooths the path of those of His subjects who want to draw near to Him. Conversely, He lets those who adopt the way of arrogance to carry on in that way.

وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَ‌دَّىٰ (And his wealth will not help him when he will fall down...92:11). The word taradda literally denotes 'to fall into a pit and perish'. The expression 'When he fall' signifies that when Divine decree regarding his destruction comes into operation, nothing - not even his wealth - will save him, whether in grave after his death, or on the Day of Judgment, when he will be falling into the abyss of Hell.

(His riches) which he amasses in the life of the world (will not save him when he perisheth) when he dies; and it is also said this means: when he is cast in the Fire.

and his wealth shall not avail him when he perishes.in the Fire.

The Recitation of Surat Al-Layl in the `Isha' Prayer The statement of the Prophet to Mu`adh has already preceded, where he said, «فَهَلَّا صَلَّيْتَ ب سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَـهَا وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى» (Why did you not pray with (the recitation of) (Glorify the Name of your Lord the Most High) (87), and (By the sun and Duhaha) (91), and (By the night as it envelops) (92)) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Swearing by the Diversity of Mankind in Their Efforts and informing of the Different Results of that Allah swears by saying: الْلَّيْلَإِذَا يَغْشَى (By the night as it envelops.) meaning, when it covers the creation with its darkness. وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the day as it appears.) meaning, with its light and its radiance. وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى (By Him Who created male and female.) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَخَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَزْوَجاً (And We have created you in pairs.) (78:8) It is also similar to saying, وَمِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ (And of everything We have created pairs.) (51:49) And just as these things that are being sworn by are opposites, likewise that which this swearing is about are opposing things. This is why Allah says, إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى (Certainly, your efforts and deeds are diverse. ) meaning, the actions of the servants that they have performed are also opposites and diverse. Therefore, there are those who do good and there are those who do evil. Allah then says, فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى (As for him who gives and has Taqwa.) meaning, he gives what he has been commanded to give and he fears Allah in his affairs. وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى (And believes in Al-Husna.) meaning, in the compensation for that. This was said by Qatadah. Khusayf said, "In the reward." Then Allah says, فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى (We will make smooth for him the path of ease.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Meaning for goodness." Thus, Allah says, وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ (But he who is greedy) meaning, with that which he has. وَاسْتَغْنَى (and thinks himself self-sufficient,) `Ikrimah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means he is stingy with his wealth and considers himself to be in no need of his Lord, the Mighty and Majestic." This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى (And denies Al-Husna.) meaning, the recompense in the abode of the Hereafter. فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى (We will make smooth for him the path to evil.) meaning, the path of evil. This is as Allah says, وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَنَذَرُهُمْ فِى طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ (And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away, as they refused to believe therein for the first time, and We shall leave them in their trespass to wander blindly.) (6:110) And there are many Ayat with this meaning, proving that Allah rewards those who intend good with success, while whoever intends evil is abandoned, and all of this is in accordance with a preordained decree. There are also many Hadiths that prove this. The Narration of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Bakr that he said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "O Messenger of Allah! Do we act according to what has already been decided, or is the matter just beginning (i.e., still undecided)" He replied, «بَلْ عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ فُرِغَ مِنْه» (Indeed it is according to what has already been decided.) Then Abu Bakr said, "Then what (good) are deeds, O Messenger of Allah" He replied, «كُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَه» (Everyone will find it easy to do such deeds that will lead him to what he was created for.) The Narration of `Ali Al-Bukhari recorded from `Ali bin Abi Talib that they (the Companions) were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the cemetery of Baqi` Al-Gharqad for a funeral, when the Prophet said, «مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ كُتِبَ مَقْعَدُهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَمَقْعَدُهُ مِنَ النَّار» (There is none among you except that his place has already been written, a seat in Paradise and a seat in the Hellfire.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah! Should we depend on this" He replied, «اعْمَلُوا ، فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَه» (Perform deeds for everyone will have the deeds of what he was created for (Paradise or Hell) made easy for him.) Then he recited the Ayah فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى - وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى - فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path of ease.)" until the Ayah: لِلْعُسْرَى (the path to evil) He (Imam Al-Bukhari) also recorded another similar narration from `Ali bin Abi Talib in which he said, "We were at a funeral in the cemetery of Baqi` Al-Gharqad when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and sat down. So we came and sat around him and he had a stick with him. Then he bowed his head and he began to scratch the ground with his stick. He then said, «مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَوْ مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ،وَإِلَّا قَدْ كُتِبَتْ شَقِيَّةً أَوْ سَعِيدَة» (There is not anyone among you -- or is not a single soul (that has been created) -- except that his place has been written in Paradise or in the Fire, and it has been written that he will be miserable or happy.) A man said, "O Messenger of Allah! Should we just depend on what has been written for us and give up performing deeds For whoever of us is of the people of happiness then he will be of the people of happiness, and whoever among us is of the people of misery then he will be of the people of misery." The Prophet replied, «أَمَّا أَهْلُ السَّعَادَةِ فَيُيَسَّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الشَّقَاءِ فَيُيَسَّرُونَ إِلَى عَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: (Those people who are the people of happiness, they will have the deeds of the people of happiness made easy for them. And those people who are the people of misery, they will have the deeds of the people of misery made easy for them.) Then he recited the Ayah: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى - وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى - فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى - وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَى وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى- فَسَنُيَسّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى-» (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path of ease (goodness). But he who is greedy and thinks himself self-sufficient, and belies Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path to evil.)) The other compilers of the Group have also recorded this Hadith. The Narration of `Abdullah bin `Umar Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn `Umar that `Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah! Do you think that the deeds that we do are a matter that is already predetermined or are they something just beginning or new" The Prophet replied, «فِيمَا قَدْ فُرِغَ مِنْهُ، فَاعْمَلْ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَإِنَّ كُلًّا مُيَسَّرٌ، أَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ لِلسَّعَادَةِ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ لِلشَّقَاء» (It is something that has already been predetermined. Therefore, work deeds, O son of Al-Khattab! For verily, each person will have things made easy for him. So whoever is from the people of happiness, then he will work deeds for happiness, and whoever is from the people of misery, then he will work deeds for misery.)" This Hadith has been recorded by At-Tirmidhi in the Book of Al-Qadar and he said "Hasan Sahih." Another Hadith Narrated by Jabir Ibn Jarir recorded from Jabir bin `Abdullah that he said, "O Messenger of Allah! Are we performing deeds for something that has already been predetermined or is the matter based upon what we are just doing (now)" The Prophet replied, «لِأَمْرٍ قَدْ فُرِغَ مِنْه» (It is a matter that has been predetermined.) Then Suraqah said, "Then what is the purpose of deeds" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, «كُلُّ عَامِلٍ مُيَسَّرٌ لِعَمَلِه» (Everyone who does deeds will have his deeds made easy for him.) Muslim also recorded this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded from `Amir bin `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr that he said, "Abu Bakr used to free servants upon their acceptance of Islam in Makkah. He used to free the elderly and the women when they accepted Islam. So his father said to him, `O my son! I see that you are freeing people who are weak. But if you freed strong men they could stand with you, defend you and protect you.' Abu Bakr replied, `O my father! I only want -- and I think he said -- what is with Allah.' Some people of my family have told me this Ayah was revealed about him: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى - وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى - فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path of ease.)" Then Allah says, وَمَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّى (And what will his wealth avail him when he goes down) Mujahid said, "This means when he dies." Abu Salih and Malik said -- narrating from Zayd bin Aslam, "When he goes down into the Fire."