Hud — Verse 76
11:76 · Hud
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یَـٰۤإِبۡرَ ٰهِیمُ أَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡ هَـٰذَاۤۖ إِنَّهُۥ قَدۡ جَاۤءَ أَمۡرُ رَبِّكَۖ وَإِنَّهُمۡ ءَاتِیهِمۡ عَذَابٌ غَیۡرُ مَرۡدُودࣲ ٧٦
yāib'rāhīmu aʿriḍ ʿan hādhā innahu qad jāa amru rabbika wa-innahum ātīhim ʿadhābun ghayru mardūdi
Hud / Hud (11:76)
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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
‘Abraham, cease your pleading: what your Lord has ordained has come about; punishment is coming to them, which cannot be turned back.’
yāib'rāhīmu aʿriḍ ʿan hādhā innahu qad jāa amru rabbika wa-innahum ātīhim ʿadhābun ghayru mardūdi
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Tafsir Commentary
The Dispute of Ibrahim over the People of Lut
Allah, the Exalted, informs of what happened after the fright of Ibrahim left him and he felt no more fear of the angels when they refused to eat. After this, they gave him the glad tidings of the birth of a son and the destruction of the people of Lut. When they told him of this, he spoke to them as Sa`id bin Jubayr narrated concerning this verse. Sa`id said: When Jibril and the other angels who were with him came to Ibrahim, they said,
إِنَّا مُهْلِكُو أَهْلِ هَـذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ
(Verily, we are going to destroy the people of this town.) Ibrahim said to them, "Will you destroy a town that has three hundred believers in it" They said, "No." He then said, "Will you destroy a town that has two hundred believers in it" They said, "No." He said, "Will you destroy a town that has forty believers in it" They said, "No." He then said, "Thirty" They still replied, "No." This continued until he said, "Five" They said, "No." Then he said, "What do you think if there is one Muslim man in the town, would you destroy it" They said, "No." With this, Ibrahim said,
إِنَّ فِيهَا لُوطاً قَالُواْ نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن فِيهَا لَنُنَجِّيَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ
(But there is Lut in it. They said: "We know better who is there. We will verily, save him and his family except his wife.") Therefore, Ibrahim remained silent and his soul was at rest. Concerning Allah's statement,
إِنَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ لَحَلِيمٌ أَوَّاهٌ مُّنِيبٌ
(Verily, Ibrahim was, without doubt, forbearing, used to invoke Alllah with humility, and was repentant (to Allah).) 11:75 This is a commendation for Ibrahim because of these beautiful characteristics. Then Allah says,
يإِبْرَهِيمُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَـذَآ إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَآءَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ
(O Ibrahim! Forsake this. Indeed, the commandment of your Lord has gone forth.) This means the decree was settled concerning them and the Word was already given that they should be destroyed. The evil torment was coming to them, that cannot be averted from wicked people.
When he had pleaded with them at length they said ‘O Abraham desist from this pleading. Truly your Lord’s command for their destruction has gone forth and truly there will come upon them a chastisement which cannot be repelled’.
قالت رسل الله: يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا الجدال في أمر قوم لوط والتماس الرحمة لهم؛ فإنه قد حق عليهم العذاب، وجاء أمر ربك الذي قدَّره عليهم بهلاكهم، وإنهم نازل بهم عذاب من الله غير مصروف عنهم ولا مدفوع.
وقوله تعالى "يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا إنه قد جاء أمر ربك" الآية أي أنه قد نفذ فيهم القضاء وحقت عليهم الكلمة بالهلاك وحلول البأس الذي لا يرد عن القوم المجرمين.
ولكن حلم إبراهيم وإنابته . . . لم يرد قضاء الله العادل فى شأن قوم لوط ولذا قالت الملائكة له - كما حكى القرآن عنهم - : ( ياإبراهيم أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هاذآ إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَآءَ أَمْرُ رَبَّكَ وَإِنَّهُمْ آتِيهِمْ عَذَابٌ غَيْرُ مَرْدُودٍ ) .أى : قالت الملائكة لإِبراهيم : ( ياإبراهيم أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هاذآ ) الجدال فى أمر قوم لوط ، وفى طلب إمهال عقوبتهم ( إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَآءَ أَمْرُ رَبَّكَ ) بإهلاكهم ( وإنهم ) بسبب إصرارهم على ارتكاب الفواحش ( آتِيهِمْ ) من ربهم ( عَذَابٌ ) شديد ( غَيْرُ مَرْدُودٍ ) عنهم لا بسبب الجدال ولا بأى سبب سواه ، فإن قضاء الله لا يرد عن القوم المجرمين . هذا ، وقد ذكر الشيخ القاسمى بعض الفوائد والأحكام التى أخذها العلماء من هذه الآيات فقال : قال بعض المفسرين : لهذه الآيات ثمرات وفوائد .منها : أن حصول الولد المخصص بالفضل نعمة ، وأن هلاك العاصى نعمة - أيضاً - لأن البشرى قد فسرت بولادة إسحاق لقوله ( فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ ) وفسرت بهلاك قوم لوط ، لقوله : ( قَالُواْ لاَ تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إلى قَوْمِ لُوطٍ ) .ومنها : استحباب نزول المبشر - بالكسر - على المبشر - بالفتح - لأن الملائكة أرسلهم الله - تعالى - لذلك .ومنها : أنه يستحب للمبشر أن يتلقى البشارة بالشكر لله - تعالى - على ما بشر به . فقد حكى عن الأصم أنه قال : جاؤوه فى أرض يعمل فيها ، فلما فرغ غرز مسحاته ، وصلى ركعتين .ومنها : أن السلام مشروع ، وأنه ينبغى أن يكون الرد أفضل لقول إبراهيم ( سلام ) بالرفع وهو أدل على الثبات والدوام .ومنها : مشروعية الضيافة ، والمبادرة إليها ، واستحباب مبادرة الضيف بالأكل منها .ومنها : استحباب خدمة الضيف ولو للمرأة ، لقول مجاهد : وامرأته قائمة؛ أى فى خدمة أضياف إبراهيم . . . وخدمة الضيفان من مكارم الأخلاق .ومنها : جواز مراجعة الأجانب فى القول ، وأن صوتها ليس بعورة .ومنها : أن امرأة الرجل من أهل بيته - فيكون أزواجه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من أهل بيته .ومنها : - كما يقول الإِمام ابن كثير - استدل على أن الذبيح هو إسماعيل لا إسحاق ، وأنه يمتنع أن يكون هو إسحاق ، لأنه وقعت البشارة به ، وأنه سيولد له يعقوب ، فكيف يؤمر إبراهيم بذبحه وهو طفل صغير ، ولم يولد له بعد يعقوب الموعود بوجوده ، ووعد الله حق لا خلف فيه ، فيمتنع أن يؤمر بذبح إسحاق والحالة هذه ، فتعين أن يكون الذبيح إسماعيل ، وهذا من أحسن الاستدلال وأصحه .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ وَإِنَّهُمْ آتِيهِمْ عَذَابٌ غَيْرُ مَرْدُودٍ (76)قال أبو جعفر : يقول تعالى ذكره مخبرًا عن قول رسله لإبراهيم: (يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا) ، وذلك قيلهم له حين جَادلهم في قوم لوط، فقالوا: دع عنك الجدالَ في أمرهم والخصومة فيه (13) ، فإنه (قد جاء أمر ربكَ) يقول : قد جاء أمر ربك بعذابهم. وحقَّ عليهم كلمة العذاب، ومضى فيهم بهلاكهم القضاء ، (وإنهم آتيهم عذاب غير مردود)، يقول: وإن قوم لوط ، نازلٌ بهم عذابٌ من الله غير مدفُوع.* * *وقد [مضى] ذكر الرواية بما ذكرنا فيه عمن ذكر ذلك عنه. (14)-----------------------------الهوامش :(13) انظر تفسير " الإعراض " فيما سلف 14 : 425 ، تعليق : 4 ، والمراجع هناك .(14) الزيادة بين القوسين يقتضيها السياق .
( يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا ) أي : أعرض عن هذا المقال ودع عنك الجدال ، ( إنه قد جاء أمر ربك ) أي : عذاب ربك وحكم ربك ، ( وإنهم آتيهم ) نازل بهم ، ( عذاب غير مردود ) أي : غير مصروف عنهم .
وجملة { يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا } مقول محذوف دل عليه المقام وهو من بديع الإيجاز ، وهو وحي من الله إلى إبراهيم عليه السّلام ، أو جواب الملائكة إبراهيم عليه السّلام . فإذا كان من كلام الله فقوله : { أمر ربك } إظهار في مقام الإضمار لإدخال الرّوع في ضمير السامع .و { أمر الله } قضاؤه ، أي أمر تكوينه .
فقيل له: { يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا } الجدال { إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ } بهلاكهم { وَإِنَّهُمْ آتِيهِمْ عَذَابٌ غَيْرُ مَرْدُودٍ } فلا فائدة في جدالك.
قوله تعالى : يا إبراهيم أعرض عن هذا أي دع عنك الجدال في قوم لوط .إنه قد جاء أمر ربك أي عذابه لهم .وإنهم آتيهم أي نازل بهم .عذاب غير مردود أي غير مصروف عنهم ولا مدفوع .
Abraham’s conversation took place with those angels who had come to destroy Lot’s community. These angels had come to carry out God’s orders, and God made it clear that they came at His behest. A part of this conversation between the Prophet Abraham and the angels is given in chapter 29 (verse 32) and a detailed account of this also appears in the Bible (Genesis, chapter 18). Abraham’s prayer in favour of Lot’s community being spared was not accepted. Similarly, Noah’s earlier prayer that his son be spared had not been accepted. Prayer amounts to presenting oneself before God. If Noah’s son or Lot’s community had had the urge to pray, and had they prayed to God to be given respite, then God would certainly have pardoned them and would have sent them His blessing. Revoking of punishment is possible, as we find from the example of the community of Jonah (Yunus). But if the punisment is revoked, it will be done on the strength of the prayers of the persons who have to suffer punishment, and not in answer to the prayer of any other person, even if that other person be a prophet. The reason for this is that a prayer for pardon is not a recommendation, in the usual sense, which one person makes in favour of another person and which, due to the holiness of the former, is accepted in favour of the latter. One person should certainly pray for another; in every period, prophets and righteous people have prayed for others. But this is, in fact, an expression of the forbearance, kind-heartedness and the inclination towards God of the person who prays. A servant of God has fear of God at heart, starts trembling when he sees God’s punishment, and starts praying for himself and for others. However, prayer by others will be effective only when the affected person himself fears God and invokes His grace.
Commentary
Surah Hud (علیہ السلام) carries an account of different kinds of Divine punishments sent over past peoples because of their antagonism to prophets of the time. Described in the verses cited above is the moral condition of the people of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) and the severe punishment given to them.
Besides being disbelievers, the people of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) were involved in the practice of such abject evil and immodesty as was not found in the world before them, something even wild animals hate. That a man would pollute his honor and dignity with another man is a curse the fallout from which is far more injurious than common forni-cation. Therefore, the harsh punishment that descended on these people had never hit known practitioners of common acts of immodesty.
The event relating to Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) as it appears in the cited verses tells that Allah Ta` ala sent some angels, including Sayyidna Jibra'il علیہ السلام to execute the punishment against these people. They first went to Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) in Palestine, the account of which has appeared in previous verses. After that, they came to Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) whose abode was located at a distance of ten or twelve miles from there.
Certainly great is the majesty of Allah Ta'ala. When He seizes a people in punishment, the punishment that he makes descend upon them is chosen to be congruous to their misdeed. On this occasion too, these angels of Allah were sent in the form of handsome young men. When they reached the home of Sayyidna Lut he too took them to be visiting guests for they had come in human form. He found himself in a fix. If he backed out from entertaining guests, it would be against his dignity as a prophet. If he took them in as his guests, then, he knew how evil and dirty his people were. The danger was that they might storm his home and hurt the guests while he failed to defend them. So, in his heart, he said, ` this is a very hard day.'
Allah Ta` ala has, in His great design, made this world of ours an open gallery of lessons full of the countless exhibits of His perfect power and eloquent wisdom. He made His friend Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) come out as a prophet from the home of Azar, the idol-worshipper. In the home of the highly revered prophet, Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) there was that wife of his who worked in league with disbelievers and opposed her prophet husband. When these honored guests in the form of handsome young men came to stay at the home of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) his wife passed on the information to perverted hoods from these people telling them about the kind of guests they had in their home on that day. (Qurtubi, Mazhari)
((It was said) O Abraham! Forsake this!) leave your argumentation. (Lo! your Lord's commandment hath gone forth) your Lord's chastisement of the people of Lot has come, (and lo! there cometh unto them a doom which cannot be repelled) it cannot be averted.