The Prophets — Verse 33

The Signs of Allah in the Heavens and the Earth and in the Night and the Day Here Allah tells of His perfect might and power in His creation and subjugation of all things. أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ (Have not those who disbelieve known) means, those who deny His Divine nature and worship others instead of Him, do they not realize that Allah is the One Who is Independent in His powers of creation and is running the affairs of all things with absolute power So how can it be appropriate to worship anything else beside Him or to associate others in worship with Him Do they not see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, i.e. in the beginning they were all one piece, attached to one another and piled up on top of one another, then He separated them from one another, and made the heavens seven and the earth seven, placing the air between the earth and the lowest heaven. Then He caused rain to fall from the sky and vegetation to grow from the earth. He says: وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ أَفَلاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ (And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe) meaning, they see with their own eyes how creation develops step by step. All of that is proof of the existence of the Creator Who is in control of all things and is able to do whatever He wills. In everything there is a Sign of Him, showing that He is One Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from his father from `Ikrimah that Ibn `Abbas was asked; "Did the night come first or the day" He said, "Do you think that when the heavens and the earth were joined together, there was anything between them except darkness Thus you may know that the night came before the day. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Umar said that a man came to him and questioned him about when the heavens and earth were joined together then they were parted. He said, "Go to that old man (Shaykh) and ask him, then come and tell me what he says to you." So he went to Ibn `Abbas and asked him. Ibn `Abbas said: "Yes, the heavens were joined together and it did not rain, and the earth was joined together and nothing grew. When living beings were created to populate the earth, rain came forth from the heavens and vegetation came forth from the earth." The man went back to Ibn `Umar and told him what had been said. Ibn `Umar said, "Now I know that Ibn `Abbas has been given knowledge of the Qur'an. He has spoken the truth, and this is how it was." Ibn `Umar said: "I did not like the daring attitude of Ibn `Abbas in his Tafsir of the Qur'an, but now I know that he has been given knowledge of the Qur'an." Sa`id bin Jubayr said: "The heavens and the earth were attached to one another, then when the heavens were raised up, the earth became separate from them, and this is their parting which was mentioned by Allah in His Book." Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "They were joined together, then they were separated by this air." وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ (And We have made from water every living thing. ) meaning, the origin of every living thing is in water. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "I said: O Messenger of Allah, when I see you I feel happy and content, tell me about everything." He said, «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خُلِقَ مِنْ مَاء» (Everything was created from water.) "I said, tell me about something which, if I do it, I will enter Paradise." He said: «أَفْشِ السَّلَامَ، وَأَطْعِمِ الطَّعَامَ، وَصِلِ الْأَرْحَامَ، وَقُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ، ثُمَّ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ بِسَلَام» (Spread (the greeting of) Salam, feed others, uphold the ties of kinship, and stand in prayer at night when people are sleeping. Then you will enter Paradise in peace.) This chain of narration fulfills the conditions of the Two Sahihs, apart from Abu Maymunah, who is one of the men of the Sunans, his first name was Salim; and At-Tirmidhi classed him as Sahih. وَجَعَلْنَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ رَوَاسِىَ (And We have placed on the earth firm mountains,) means, mountains which stabilize the earth and keep it steady and lend it weight, lest it should shake with the people, i.e., move and tremble so that they would not be able to stand firm on it -- because it is covered with water, apart from one-quarter of its surface. So the land is exposed to the air and sun, so that its people may see the sky with its dazzling signs and evidence. So Allah says, أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ (lest it should shake with them, ) meaning, so that it will not shake with them. وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجاً سُبُلاً (and We placed therein broad highways for them to pass through,) means, mountain passes through which they may travel from region to region, country to country. As we can see, the mountains form barriers between one land and another, so Allah created gaps -- passes -- in the mountains so that people may travel from here to there. So He says: لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ (that they may be guided.) وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَآءَ سَقْفاً مَّحْفُوظاً (And We have made the heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded.) means, covering the earth like a dome above it. This is like the Ayah, وَالسَّمَآءَ بَنَيْنَـهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ (With Hands We constructed the heaven. Verily, We are able to extend the vastness of space thereof.) 51:47 وَالسَّمَآءِ وَمَا بَنَـهَا (By the heaven and Him Who built it.) 91:5 أَفَلَمْ يَنظُرُواْ إِلَى السَّمَآءِ فَوْقَهُمْ كَيْفَ بَنَيْنَـهَا وَزَيَّنَّـهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ (Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no rifts in it) 50:6. The building and making described here refers to the raising of the dome, as when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْس» (Islam is built on five.) i.e., five pillars, which can only refer to a tent as familiar among the Arabs. مَّحْفُوظاً (safe and well-guarded.) means, high and protected from anything reaching it. Mujahid said, "Raised up." وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ (Yet they turn away from its signs.) This is like the Ayah: وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضُونَ (And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth they pass by, while they are averse therefrom) 12:105. They do not think about how Allah has created it, so vast and high, and adorned it with heavenly bodies both stationary and moving by night and day, such as the sun which completes its circuit in one day and night, until it completes its allotted time, which no one knows except Allah, Who created it and subjugated it and directed its course. Then Allah says, drawing attention to some of His signs, وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَـرَ (And He it is Who has created the night and the day,) meaning, the one with its darkness and stillness, and the other with its light and human interaction; sometimes the one is longer while the other is shorter, then they switch. وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ (and the sun and the moon,) the sun with its own light and its own path and orbit and allotted time, and the moon which shines with a different light and travels on a different path and has its own allotted time. كُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ (each in an orbit floating.) means, revolving. Ibn `Abbas said, "They revolve like a spinning wheel, in a circle." This is like the Ayah: فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.) 6:96

And He it is Who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon each kullun the nunation of this particle stands in place of the second noun of the genitive construction that would have been al-shams ‘the sun’ or al-qamar ‘the moon’ or their subsidiaries namely al-nujūm ‘the stars’ in an orbit a circular one like a mill in the sky swimming moving with speed like a swimmer in water. In order to effect the analogy with the latter the plural person of the verb employed for rational beings is used.

And He it is who created night and day, and the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, night and day are a mark of the contraction and expansion of the recognizers. Contraction and expansion are the divine decree and royal predetermination. Sometimes He puts them in the grasp of His contraction so that the ruling power of His majesty [wreaks havoc on them, and sometimes He gives them a place on the carpet of His expansion such that the ruling power of beauty] may caress them in virtue of bestowal. It is the stipulation of the man with pain that in the grasp of contraction he be rectified and not protest, and on the carpet of expansion he be courteous and not turn away, for the great ones of the religion have said, “The servant will not find the sweetness of faith until trial comes to him from everywhere.” And the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. He created the sun and the moon in the constellations of heaven, and they travel on the peak of the spheres. He created the sun neither to increase nor to decrease and the moon to increase and decrease; sometimes it wanes, and some- times it shines forth. The sun is the mark of the possessor of tawḤīd, who says with the attribute of stability in the presence of stability, “Were the covering to be lifted, I would not increase in certainty.” The moon is the mark of the possessor of knowledge, who walks in the playing field of exertion. He comes by way of gazing and inference and keeps his eyes on obedience and good works, that they might add faith to their faith [48:4]. The possessor of tawḤīd is the lord of pain, and the possessor of knowledge is the lord of deeds. The possessor of deeds gazes on the secondary causes, and the possessor of pain gazes on the Causer and is detached from the secondary causes. The great ones of the religion have said, “Not seeing the secondary cause is ignorance, but remaining with the secondary cause is associationism.” A recognizer was seen on the shore of the Tigris, saying, “My Master, I am thirsty,” but he passed by without drinking. That exalted man was contemplating the Real and saw neither the Tigris nor its water. When someone is busy with a work, even if the houris of paradise pass by, he will not be aware. God only knows, sweetheart, if I know night from day- night and day passion has confounded and perplexed me.

And He it is who created night and day, and the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, night and day are a mark of the contraction and expansion of the recognizers. Contraction and expansion are the divine decree and royal predetermination. Sometimes He puts them in the grasp of His contraction so that the ruling power of His majesty [wreaks havoc on them, and sometimes He gives them a place on the carpet of His expansion such that the ruling power of beauty] may caress them in virtue of bestowal. It is the stipulation of the man with pain that in the grasp of contraction he be rectified and not protest, and on the carpet of expansion he be courteous and not turn away, for the great ones of the religion have said, “The servant will not find the sweetness of faith until trial comes to him from everywhere.” And the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. He created the sun and the moon in the constellations of heaven, and they travel on the peak of the spheres. He created the sun neither to increase nor to decrease and the moon to increase and decrease; sometimes it wanes, and some- times it shines forth. The sun is the mark of the possessor of tawḤīd, who says with the attribute of stability in the presence of stability, “Were the covering to be lifted, I would not increase in certainty.” The moon is the mark of the possessor of knowledge, who walks in the playing field of exertion. He comes by way of gazing and inference and keeps his eyes on obedience and good works, that they might add faith to their faith [48:4]. The possessor of tawḤīd is the lord of pain, and the possessor of knowledge is the lord of deeds. The possessor of deeds gazes on the secondary causes, and the possessor of pain gazes on the Causer and is detached from the secondary causes. The great ones of the religion have said, “Not seeing the secondary cause is ignorance, but remaining with the secondary cause is associationism.” A recognizer was seen on the shore of the Tigris, saying, “My Master, I am thirsty,” but he passed by without drinking. That exalted man was contemplating the Real and saw neither the Tigris nor its water. When someone is busy with a work, even if the houris of paradise pass by, he will not be aware. God only knows, sweetheart, if I know night from day- night and day passion has confounded and perplexed me.

And He it is who created night and day, and the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, night and day are a mark of the contraction and expansion of the recognizers. Contraction and expansion are the divine decree and royal predetermination. Sometimes He puts them in the grasp of His contraction so that the ruling power of His majesty [wreaks havoc on them, and sometimes He gives them a place on the carpet of His expansion such that the ruling power of beauty] may caress them in virtue of bestowal. It is the stipulation of the man with pain that in the grasp of contraction he be rectified and not protest, and on the carpet of expansion he be courteous and not turn away, for the great ones of the religion have said, “The servant will not find the sweetness of faith until trial comes to him from everywhere.” And the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. He created the sun and the moon in the constellations of heaven, and they travel on the peak of the spheres. He created the sun neither to increase nor to decrease and the moon to increase and decrease; sometimes it wanes, and some- times it shines forth. The sun is the mark of the possessor of tawḤīd, who says with the attribute of stability in the presence of stability, “Were the covering to be lifted, I would not increase in certainty.” The moon is the mark of the possessor of knowledge, who walks in the playing field of exertion. He comes by way of gazing and inference and keeps his eyes on obedience and good works, that they might add faith to their faith [48:4]. The possessor of tawḤīd is the lord of pain, and the possessor of knowledge is the lord of deeds. The possessor of deeds gazes on the secondary causes, and the possessor of pain gazes on the Causer and is detached from the secondary causes. The great ones of the religion have said, “Not seeing the secondary cause is ignorance, but remaining with the secondary cause is associationism.” A recognizer was seen on the shore of the Tigris, saying, “My Master, I am thirsty,” but he passed by without drinking. That exalted man was contemplating the Real and saw neither the Tigris nor its water. When someone is busy with a work, even if the houris of paradise pass by, he will not be aware. God only knows, sweetheart, if I know night from day- night and day passion has confounded and perplexed me.

And He it is who created night and day, and the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. In the tasting of the folk of recognition, night and day are a mark of the contraction and expansion of the recognizers. Contraction and expansion are the divine decree and royal predetermination. Sometimes He puts them in the grasp of His contraction so that the ruling power of His majesty [wreaks havoc on them, and sometimes He gives them a place on the carpet of His expansion such that the ruling power of beauty] may caress them in virtue of bestowal. It is the stipulation of the man with pain that in the grasp of contraction he be rectified and not protest, and on the carpet of expansion he be courteous and not turn away, for the great ones of the religion have said, “The servant will not find the sweetness of faith until trial comes to him from everywhere.” And the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. He created the sun and the moon in the constellations of heaven, and they travel on the peak of the spheres. He created the sun neither to increase nor to decrease and the moon to increase and decrease; sometimes it wanes, and some- times it shines forth. The sun is the mark of the possessor of tawḤīd, who says with the attribute of stability in the presence of stability, “Were the covering to be lifted, I would not increase in certainty.” The moon is the mark of the possessor of knowledge, who walks in the playing field of exertion. He comes by way of gazing and inference and keeps his eyes on obedience and good works, that they might add faith to their faith [48:4]. The possessor of tawḤīd is the lord of pain, and the possessor of knowledge is the lord of deeds. The possessor of deeds gazes on the secondary causes, and the possessor of pain gazes on the Causer and is detached from the secondary causes. The great ones of the religion have said, “Not seeing the secondary cause is ignorance, but remaining with the secondary cause is associationism.” A recognizer was seen on the shore of the Tigris, saying, “My Master, I am thirsty,” but he passed by without drinking. That exalted man was contemplating the Real and saw neither the Tigris nor its water. When someone is busy with a work, even if the houris of paradise pass by, he will not be aware. God only knows, sweetheart, if I know night from day- night and day passion has confounded and perplexed me.

And He it is who created night and day, and the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere.In the tasting of the folk of recognition, night and day are a mark of the contraction and expansion of the recognizers. Contraction and expansion are the divine decree and royal predetermination. Sometimes He puts them in the grasp of His contraction so that the ruling power of His majesty [wreaks havoc on them, and sometimes He gives them a place on the carpet of His expansion such that the ruling power of beauty] may caress them in virtue of bestowal. It is the stipulation of the man with pain that in the grasp of contraction he be rectified and not protest, and on the carpet of expansion he be courteous and not turn away, for the great ones of the religion have said, �The servant will not find the sweetness of faith until trial comes to him from everywhere.�And the sun and the moon, each swimming in a sphere. He created the sun and the moon in the constellations of heaven, and they travel on the peak of the spheres. He created the sun neither to increase nor to decrease and the moon to increase and decrease; sometimes it wanes, and some- times it shines forth. The sun is the mark of the possessor of tawḤīd, who says with the attribute of stability in the presence of stability, �Were the covering to be lifted, I would not increase in certainty.� The moon is the mark of the possessor of knowledge, who walks in the playing field of exertion. He comes by way of gazing and inference and keeps his eyes on obedience and good works, that they might add faith to their faith [48:4].The possessor of tawḤīd is the lord of pain, and the possessor of knowledge is the lord of deeds. The possessor of deeds gazes on the secondary causes, and the possessor of pain gazes on the Causer and is detached from the secondary causes. The great ones of the religion have said, �Not seeing the secondary cause is ignorance, but remaining with the secondary cause is associationism.�A recognizer was seen on the shore of the Tigris, saying, �My Master, I am thirsty,� but he passed by without drinking. That exalted man was contemplating the Real and saw neither the Tigris nor its water. When someone is busy with a work, even if the houris of paradise pass by, he will not be aware.God only knows, sweetheart, if I know night from day- night and day passion has confounded and perplexed me.

والله تعالى هو الذي خلق الليل؛ ليسكن الناس فيه، والنهار؛ ليطلبوا فيه المعايش، وخلق الشمس آية للنهار، والقمر آية للَّيل، ولكل منهما مدار يجري فيه وَيَسْبَح لا يحيد عنه.

" وهو الذي خلق الليل والنهار " أي هذا في ظلامه وسكونه وهذا بضيائه وأنسه يطول هذا تارة ثم يقصر أخرى وعكسه الآخر " والشمس والقمر " هذه لها نور يخصها وفلك بذاته وزمان على حدة وحركة وسير خاص وهذا بنور آخر وفلك آخر وسير آخر وتقدير آخر " وكل في فلك يسبحون " أي يدورون قال ابن عباس يدورون كما يدور المغزل الفلكة قال مجاهد فلا يدور المغزل إلا بالفلكة ولا الفلكة إلا بالمغزل كذلك النجوم والشمس والقمر لا يدورون إلا به ولا يدور إلا كما قال تعالى " فالق الإصباح وجعل الليل سكنا والشمس والقمر حسبانا ذلك تقدير العزيز العليم ".

ثم ختم - سبحانه - هذه الآيات الدالة على قدرته ووحدانيته بقوله - تعالى - ( وَهُوَ الذي خَلَقَ الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ ) .أى : وهو وحده - سبحانه - الذى خلق بقدرته الليل والنهار بهذا النظام البديع ، وخلق الشمس والقمر بهذا الإحكام العجيب " كل " أى : كل واحد من الشمس والقمر يسير فى فلكه وطريقه المقدر له بسرعة وانتظام ، كالسابح فى الماء .وقوله : ( يَسْبَحُونَ ) من السبح وهو المر السريع فى الماء أو الهواء .وجاء يسبحون بمضير العقلاء . لكون السباحة المسندة إليهما من فعل العقلاء ، كما فى قوله - تعالى - : ( والشمس والقمر رَأَيْتُهُمْ لِي سَاجِدِينَ ) هذا والمتأمل فى هذه الآيات يراها قد ساقت جملة من الأدلة على وحدانية الله - تعالى - وعلى كمال قدرته .

وقوله: ( وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: والله الذي خلق لكم أيها الناس الليل والنهار، نعمة منه عليكم وحجة، ودلالة عظيم سلطانه، وأن الألوهة له دون كلّ ما سواه فهما يختلفان عليكم لصلاح معايشكم وأمور دنياكم وآخرتكم، وخلق الشمس والقمر أيضا، ( كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ ) يقول: كلّ ذلك في فلك يسبحون.واختلف أهل التأويل في معنى الفلك الذي ذكره الله في هذه الآية، فقال بعضهم: هو كهيئة حديدة الرحى.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: فلك كهيئة حديدة الرحى.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، قال: قال ابن جريج: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ) قال: فلك كهيئة حديدة الرحى.حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثني جرير، عن قابوس بن أبي ظَبيان، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: فلك السماء.وقال آخرون: بل الفلك الذي ذكره الله في هذا الموضع سرعة جري الشمس والقمر والنجوم وغيرها.* ذكر من قال ذلك: حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ، قال: أخبرنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) الفلك: الجري والسرعة.وقال آخرون: الفلك موج مكفوف تجري الشمس والقمر والنجوم فيه.وقال آخرون: بل هو القطب الذي تدور به النجوم، واستشهد قائل هذا القول لقوله هذا بقول الراجز:بــاتَتْ تُنــاجِي الفَلَــكَ الـدَّوَّارَاحــتى الصَّبــاحِ تعمَـل الأقْتـارَا (3)‌وقال آخرون في ذلك، ما حدثنا به بِشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) : أي في فلك السماء.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: يجري في فلك السماء كما رأيت.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: الفلك الذي بين السماء والأرض من مجاري النجوم والشمس والقمر، وقرأ: تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا وقال: تلك البروج بين السماء والأرض وليست في الأرض (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: فيما بين السماء والأرض: النجوم والشمس والقمر.وذُكر عن الحسن أنه كان يقول: الفلك طاحونة كهيئة فلكة المغزل.والصواب من القول في ذلك أن يقال: كما قال الله عزّ وجل: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) وجائز أن يكون ذلك الفلك كما قال مجاهد كحديدة الرحى، وكما ذُكر عن الحسن كطاحونة الرحى، وجائز أن يكون موجا مكفوفا، وأن يكون قطب السماء، وذلك أن الفلك في كلام العرب هو كل شيء دائر، فجمعه أفلاك، وقد ذكرت قول الراجز:باتَّتْ تُناجِي الفُلْكَ الدَّوَّارَاوإذ كان كل ما دار في كلامها، ولم يكن في كتاب الله، ولا في خبر عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولا عمن يقطع بقوله العذر، دليل يدل على أيّ ذلك هو من أيّ كان الواجب أن نقول فيه ما قال، ونسكت عما لا علم لنا به.فإذا كان الصواب في ذلك من القول عندنا ما ذكرنا، فتأويل الكلام: والشمس والقمر، كلّ ذلك في دائر يسبحون.وأما قوله: (يُسَبِّحُونَ) فإن معناه: يَجْرُون.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قوله: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: يجرون.حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد، مثله.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: (يَسْبَحُونَ) قال: يجرون.وقيل: (كُلّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ) فأخرج الخبر عن الشمس والقمر مخرج الخبر عن بني آدم بالواو والنون، ولم يقل: يسبحن أو تسبح، كما قيل: وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ لِي سَاجِدِينَ لأن السجود من أفعال بني آدم، فلما وصفت الشمس والقمر بمثل أفعالهم، أجرى الخبر عنهما مجرى الخبر عنهم.------------------------الهوامش :(3) البيت شاهد على أن الفلك هو القطب الذي تدور به النجوم . وقال في ( اللسان : فلك ) : الفلك : مدار النجوم ، والجمع : أفلاك . وفي حديث ابن مسعود : أن رجلا أتى رجلا وهو جالس عنده فقال : " إني تركت فرسك كأنه يدور في فلك " . قال أبو عبيدة : قوله " في فلك " : فيه قولان : فأما الذي تعرفه العامة ، فإنه شبه بفلك السماء الذي تدور عليه النجوم ، وهو الذي يقال له القطب ، شبه بقطب الرحى . قال : وقال بعض العرب : الفلك هو الموج إذا ماج في البحر فاضطرب ، وجاء وذهب ، فشبه الفرس في اضطرابه بذلك .

( وهو الذي خلق الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر كل في فلك يسبحون ) يجرون ويسيرون بسرعة كالسابح في الماء ، وإنما قال : ( يسبحون ) ولم يقل يسبح على ما يقال لما لا يعقل ، لأنه ذكر عنها فعل العقلاء من الجري والسبح ، فذكر على ما يعقل .والفلك : مدار النجوم الذي يضمها ، والفلك في كلام العرب : كل شيء مستدير ، وجمعه أفلاك ، ومنه فلك المغزل .وقال الحسن : الفلك طاحونة كهيئة فلكة المغزل : يريد أن الذي يجري فيه النجوم مستدير كاستدارة الطاحونة .وقال بعضهم : الفلك السماء الذي فيه ذلك الكوكب ، فكل كوكب يجري في السماء الذي قدر فيه ، وهو معنى قول قتادة .وقال الكلبي الفلك استدارة السماء .وقال آخرون : الفلك موج مكفوف دون السماء يجري فيه الشمس والقمر والنجوم .

وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ (33)>>لما كانت في إيجاد هذه الأشياء المعدودة هنا منافع للناس سيقت في معرض المنة بصوغها في صيغة الجملة الاسمية المعرّفة الجزأيْن لإفادة القصر ، وهو قصر إفراد إضافي بتنزيل المخاطبين من المشركين منزلة من يعتقد أن أصنامهم مشاركة لله في خلق تلك الأشياء ، لأنهم لما عبدوا الأصنام ، والعبادة شكر ، لزمهم أنهم يشكرونها وقد جعلوها شركاء لله فلزمهم أنهم يزعمون أنها شريكة لله في خلق ما خلق لينتقل من ذلك إلى إبطال إشراكهم إياها في الإلهية .ولكون المنة والعبرة في إيجاد نفس الليل والنهار ، ونفس الشمس والقمر ، لا في إيجادها على حالة خاصة ، جيء هنا بفعل الخلق لا بفعل الجعل .وخلق الليل هو جزئي من جزئيات خلق الظلمة التي أوجد الله الكائنات فيها قبل خلق الأجسام التي تُفيض النور على الموجودات ، فإن الظلمة عدم والنور وجودي وهو ضد الظلمة ، والعدم سابق للوجود فالحالة السابقة لوجود الأجرام النيرة هي الظلمة ، والليل ظلمة ترجع لجرم الأرض عند انصراف الأشعة عن الأرض .وأما خلق النهار فهو بخلق الشمس ومن توجُّه أشعتها إلى النصف المقابل للأشعة من الكرة الأرضية ، فخلْق النهار تبع لخلق الشمس وخلققِ الأرض ومقابلةِ الأرض لأشعة الشمس ، ولذلك كان لذكر خلق الشمس عقب ذكر خلق النهار مناسبة قوية للتنبيه على منشأ خلق النهار كما هو معلوم .وأما ذكر خلق القمر فلمناسبة خلق الشمس ، وللتذكير بمنة إيجاد ما ينير على الناس بعض النور في بعض أوقات الظلمة . وكل ذلك من المنن . { كُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ } مستأنفة استئنافاً بيانياً لأنه لما ذكر الأشياء المتضادة بالحقائق أو بالأوقات ذكراً مجملاً في بعضها الذي هو آيات السماء ، ومفصلاً في بعض آخر وهو الشمس والقمر ، كان المقامُ مثيراً في نفوس السامعين سؤالاً عن كيفية سيرها وكيف لا يقع لها اصطدام أو يقع منها تخلف عن الظهور في وقته المعلوم ، فأجيب بأن كل المذكورات له فضاء يسير فيه لا يلاقي فضاء سير غيره .وضمير { يسبحون } عائد إلى عموم آيات السماء وخصوص الشمس والقمر . وأجري عليها ضمير جماعة الذكور باعتبار تذكير أسماء بعضها مثل القَمر والكوكب .وقال في «الكشاف» : «إنه روعي فيه وصفُها بالسباحة التي هي من أفعال العقلاء فأجري عليها أيضاً ضمير العقلاء ، يعني فيكون ذلك ترشيحاً للاستعارة» .وقوله تعالى { في فلك } ظرف مستقر خبر عن { كلّ } ، و { كل } مبتدأ وتنوينه عوض عن المضاف إليه ، أي كل تلك ، فهو معرِفة تقديراً . وهو المقصود من الاستئناف بأن يفاد أن كلاً من المذكورات مستقر في فلَك لا يصادم فلَك غيره ، وقد علم من لفظ ( كل ) ومن ظرفية ( في ) أن لفظ { فلك } عام ، أي لكل منها فلكُه فهي أفلاك كثيرة .وجملة { يسْبحون } في موضع الحال .والسبح : مستعار للسير في متسع لا طرائق فيه متلاقية كطرائق الأرض ، وهو تقريب لسير الكواكب في الفضاء العظيم .والفلك فسره أهل اللغة بأنه مدار النجوم ، وكذلك فسره المفسرون لهذه الآية ولم يذكروا أنه مستعمل في هذا المعنى في كلام العرب . ويغلِب على ظني أنه من مصطلحات القرآن ومنه أخذه علماء الإسلام وهو أحسن ما يعبر عنه عن الدوائر المفروضة التي يضبط بها سير كوكب من الكواكب وخاصة سير الشمس وسير القمر .والأظهر أن القرآن نقله من فلك البحر وهو الموج المستدير بتنزيل اسم الجمع منزلة المفرد . والأصل الأصيل في ذلك كله فَلْكة المَغْزِل بفتح الفاء وسكون اللام وهي خشبة مستديرة في أعلاها مِسمار مثني يدخل فيه الغزل ويدار لينفتل الغَزْل .ومن بدائع الإعجاز في هذه الآية أن قوله تعالى : { كل في فلك } فيه محسّن بديعي فإن حروفه تُقرأ من آخرها على الترتيب كما تُقرأ من أولها مع خفة التركيب ووفرة الفائدة وجريانه مجرى المثل من غير تنافر ولا غرابة ، ومثله قوله تعالى : { ربك فكبِّر } [ المدّثر : 3 ] بطرح واو العطف ، وكلتا الآيتين بني على سبعة أحرف ، وهذا النوع سمّاه السكاكي «المقلوبَ المستوي» وجعله من أصناف نوع سمّاه القَلب .وخص هذا الصنف بما يتأتى القلب في حروف كلماته . وسمّاه الحريري في «المقامات» «ما لا يستحيل بالانعكاس» وبنَى عليه المقامة السادسة عشَرة ووضح أمثلة نثراً ونظماً ، وفي معظم ما وضعه من الأمثلة تكلف وتنافر وغرابة ، وكذلك ما وضعه غيره على تفاوتها في ذلك والشواهد مذكورة في كتب البديع فعليك بتتبعها ، وكلما زادت طولاً زادت ثقلاً .قال العلامة الشيرازي في «شرح المفتاح» : وهو نوع صعب المسلك قليل الاستعمال . قلت : ولم يذكروا منه شيئاً وقع في كلام العرب فهو من مبتكرات القرآن .ذكر أهل الأدب أن القاضي الفاضل البيساني زارَ العمادَ الكاتب فلما ركب لينصرف من عنده قال له العماد : «سِرْ فلا كبَا بك الفرس» ففطن القاضي أن فيه محسن القلب فأجابه على البديهة : «دَام عُلا العماد» وفيه محسن القلب .

قوله تعالى : وهو الذي خلق الليل والنهار ذكرهم نعمة أخرى : جعل لهم الليل ليسكنوا فيه ، والنهار ليتصرفوا فيه لمعايشهم ، والشمس والقمر أي وجعل الشمس آية النهار ، والقمر آية الليل ؛ لتعلم الشهور والسنون والحساب ، كما تقدم في ( سبحان ) بيانه . كل يعني من الشمس والقمر والنجوم والكواكب والليل والنهار في فلك يسبحون أي يجرون ويسيرون بسرعة كالسابح في الماء . قال الله تعالى وهو أصدق القائلين : والسابحات سبحا ويقال للفرس الذي يمد يده في الجري سابح . وفيه من النحو أنه لم يقل : يسبحن [ ص: 195 ] ولا تسبح ؛ فمذهب سيبويه : أنه لما أخبر عنهن بفعل من يعقل وجعلهن في الطاعة بمنزلة من يعقل ، أخبر عنهن بفعل من يعقل وجعلهن في الطاعة بمنزلة من يعقل ، أخبر عنهن بالواو والنون . ونحوه قال الفراء . وقد تقدم هذا المعنى في ( يوسف ) . وقال الكسائي : إنما قال : يسبحون لأنه رأس آية ، كما قال الله تعالى : نحن جميع منتصر ولم يقل منتصرون . وقيل : الجري للفلك فنسب إليها . والأصح أن السيارة تجري في الفلك ، وهي سبعة أفلاك دون السماوات المطبقة ، التي هي مجال الملائكة وأسباب الملكوت ، فالقمر في الفلك الأدنى ، ثم عطارد ، ثم الزهرة ، ثم الشمس ، ثم المريخ ، ثم المشتري ، ثم زحل ، والثامن فلك البروج ، والتاسع الفلك الأعظم . والفلك واحد أفلاك النجوم . قال أبو عمرو : ويجوز أن يجمع على فعل مثل أسد وأسد وخشب وخشب . وأصل الكلمة من الدوران ، ومنه فلكة المغزل ؛ لاستدارتها . ومنه قيل : فلك ثدي المرأة تفليكا ، وتفلك استدار . وفي حديث ابن مسعود : تركت فرسي كأنه يدور في فلك . كأنه لدورانه شبهه بفلك السماء الذي تدور عليه النجوم . قال ابن زيد : الأفلاك مجاري النجوم والشمس والقمر . قال : وهي بين السماء والأرض . وقال قتادة : الفلك استدارة في السماء تدور بالنجوم مع ثبوت السماء . وقال مجاهد : الفلك كهيئة حديد الرحى وهو قطبها . وقال الضحاك : فلكها مجراها وسرعة مسيرها . وقيل : الفلك موج مكفوف ومجرى الشمس والقمر فيه ؛ والله أعلم .

Here some prominent features of the earth have been mentioned which remind man of God in order to make him a grateful servant of God. One of these is the mountain ranges that have risen up on the surface of the earth in order to keep the dense matter beneath the seas well-balanced. Probably this refers to what is known as ‘isostasy’ in modern science. Similarly, it is also a sign of God that the earth is so made that man is able to make roadways sometimes on level plains, and sometimes as passages between mountains and rivers. The roof of the sky, which is our upper atmosphere, is composed in such a way as to prevent certain harmful rays of the sun from affecting us in the form of the ozone layer. The atmosphere also prevents the majority of the continuous shower of meteorites from reaching us. In the same way, there are signs in the moving of the sun and the moon in their orbits without clashing with each other, resulting in the regular occurrence of day and night on the earth. Innumerable such signs are found on the earth. If man examines them in depth, he will be overwhelmed by the realisation of God’s blessings and His powers. But he ignores them. Even after seeing clear events and signs, he continues to turn a deaf ear and a blind eye to them.

كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ (Each floating in an orbit - 21:33) The word فَلَک '' (falak) is used for circle or anything round. For this reason the word فَلَک '' (falak) is also used sometimes for sky. In this verse it means the orbits of the sun and the moon in which they revolve. The Qur'anic words do not specify the location of the orbits in the space but space research has now established that these orbits are located in the space much below the sky. This verse apparently indicates that the Sun also moves around an orbit. The scientists previously did not believe in the rotation of the Sun, but the most modern research has now accepted it.

(And He it is Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon) He made the sun and the moon subservient. (They float, each in an orbit) each one of them rotate around its orbit.