The Family of Imran, The House of Imran — Verse 174

Virtues of the Martyrs Allah states that even though the martyrs were killed in this life, their souls are alive and receiving provisions in the Dwelling of Everlasting Life. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Masruq said, "We asked `Abdullah about this Ayah, وَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَتاً بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ (Think not of those as dead who are killed in the way of Allah. Nay, they are alive, with their Lord, and they have provision.) He said, `We asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ the same question and he said, «أَرْوَاحُهُمْ فِي جَوْفِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ، لَهَا قَنَادِيلُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِالْعَرْشِ، تَسْرَحُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ، ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَى تِلْكَ الْقَنَادِيلِ، فَاطَّلَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمُ اطِّلَاعَةً فَقَالَ: هَلْ تَشْتَهُونَ شَيْئًا؟ فَقَالُوا: أَيَّ شَيْءٍ نَشْتَهِي وَنَحْنُ نَسْرَحُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شِئْنَا؟ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ لَنْ يُتْرَكُوا مِنْ أَنْ يُسْأَلُوا، قَالُوا: يَا رَبِّ نُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرُدَّ أَرْوَاحَنَا فِي أَجْسَادِنَا حَتَّى نُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ حَاجَةٌ، تُرِكُوا» (Their souls are inside green birds that have lamps, which are hanging below the Throne (of Allah), and they wander about in Paradise wherever they wish. Then they return to those lamps. Allah looks at them and says, `Do you wish for anything' They say, `What more could we wish for, while we go wherever we wish in Paradise' Allah asked them this question thrice, and when they realize that He will keep asking them until they give an answer, they say, `O Lord! We wish that our souls be returned to our bodies so that we are killed in Your cause again.' Allah knew that they did not have any other wish, so they were left.)"' There are several other similar narrations from Anas and Abu Sa`id. Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ تَمُوتُ، لَهَا عِنْدَ اللهِ خَيْرٌ، يَسُرُّهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا، إِلَّا الشَّهِيدُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَسُرُّهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَيُقْتَلَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، لِمَا يَرَى مِنْ فَضْلِ الشَهَادَة» (No soul that has a good standing with Allah and dies would wish to go back to the life of this world, except for the martyr. He would like to be returned to this life so that he could be martyred again, for he tastes the honor achieved from martyrdom.) Muslim collected this Hadith In addition, Imam Ahmad recorded that, Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَمَّا أُصِيبَ إِخْوَانُكُمْ بِأُحُدٍ، جَعَلَ اللهُ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ فِي أَجْوَافِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ، تَرِدُ أَنْهَارَ الْجَنَّـةِ، وَتَأْكُلُ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا، وَتَأْوِي إِلى قَنَادِيلَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي ظِلِّ الْعَرْشِ، فَلَمَّا وَجَدُوا طِيبَ مَشْرَبِهِمْ وَمَأْكَلِهِمْ، وَحُسْنَ مُتَقَلَّبِهِمْ قَالُوا: يَا لَيْتَ إِخْوَانَنَا يَعْلَمُونَ مَا صَنَعَ اللهُ لَنَا، لِئَلَّا يَزْهَدُوا فِي الْجِهَادِ، وَلَا يَنْكُلُوا عَنِ الْحَرْبِ، فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَنْا أُبَلِّغُهُمْ عَنْكُم» (When your brothers were killed in Uhud, Allah placed their souls inside green birds that tend to the rivers of Paradise and eat from its fruits. They then return to golden lamps hanging in the shade of the Throne. When they tasted the delight of their food, drink and dwelling, they said, `We wish that our brothers knew what Allah gave us so that they will not abandon Jihad or warfare.' Allah said, `I will convey the news for you.') Allah revealed these and the following Ayat, وَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَتاً بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ (Think not of those as dead who are killed in the way of Allah. Nay, they are alive, with their Lord, and they have provision.) Qatadah, Ar-Rabi` and Ad-Dahhak said that these Ayat were revealed about the martyrs of Uhud. Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at me one day and said, `O Jabir! Why do I see you sad' I said, `O Messenger of Allah! My father was martyred and left behind debts and children.' He said, «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ؟ مَا كَلَّمَ اللهُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ إِلَّا مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ، وَإِنَّه كَلَّمَ أَبَاكَ كِفَاحًا» ، قال علي: الكفاح: المواجهة «قَالَ: سَلْنِي أُعْطِكَ. قَالَ: أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَأُقْتَلَ فِيكَ ثَانِيَةً، فَقَالَ الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ سَبَقَ مِنِّي الْقَوْلُ: إِنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهَا لَا يَرْجِعُونَ. قَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ فَأَبْلِغْ مَنْ وَرَائِي» (Should I tell you that Allah never spoke to anyone except from behind a veil However, He spoke to your father directly. He said, `Ask Me and I will give you.' He said, `I ask that I am returned to life so that I am killed in Your cause again.' The Lord, Exalted He be, said, `I have spoken the word that they shall not be returned back to it (this life). ' He said, `O Lord! Then convey the news to those I left behind.') Allah revealed, وَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَتاً (Think not of those as dead who are killed in the way of Allah...)" Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «الشُّهَدَاءُ عَلى بَارِقِ نَهْرٍ بِبَابِ الْجَنَّـةِ، فِي قُبَّةٍ خَضْرَاءَ، يَخْرُجُ عَلَيْهِمْ رِزْقُهُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّـةِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا» (The martyrs convene at the shore of a river close to the door of Paradise, in a green tent, where their provisions are brought to them from Paradise day and night.) Ahmad and Ibn Jarir collected this Hadith, which has a good chain of narration. It appears that the martyrs are of different types, some of them wander in Paradise, and some remain close to this river by the door of Paradise. It is also possible that the river is where all the souls of the martyrs convene and where they are provided with their provision day and night, and Allah knows best. UImam Ahmad narrated a Hadith that contains good news for every believer that his soul will be wandering in Paradise, as well, eating from its fruits, enjoying its delights and happiness and tasting the honor that Allah has prepared in it for him. This Hadith has a unique, authentic chain of narration that includes three of the Four Imams. Imam Ahmad narrated this Hadith from Muhammad bin Idris Ash-Shafi`i who narrated it from Malik bin Anas Al-Asbuhi, from Az-Zuhri, from `Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik that his father said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «نَسَمَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ يَعْلُقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّـةِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَهُ اللهُ إِلى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُه» (The soul of the believer becomes a bird that feeds on the trees of Paradise, until Allah sends him back to his body when He resurrects him.) This Hadith states that the souls of the believers are in the shape of a bird in Paradise. As for the souls of martyrs, they are inside green birds, like the stars to the rest of the believing souls. We ask Allah the Most Generous that He makes us firm on the faith. Allah's statement, فَرِحِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ (They rejoice in what Allah has bestowed upon them) indicates that the martyrs who were killed in Allah's cause are alive with Allah, delighted because of the bounty and happiness they are enjoying. They are also awaiting their brethren, who will die in Allah's cause after them, for they will be meeting them soon. These martyrs do not have fear about the future or sorrow for what they left behind. We ask Allah to grant us Paradise. The Two Sahihs record from Anas, the story of the seventy Ansar Companions who were murdered at Bir Ma`unah in one night. In this Hadith, Anas reported that the Prophet used to supplicate to Allah in Qunut in prayer against those who killed them. Anas said, "A part of the Qur'an was revealed about them, but was later abrogated, `Convey to our people that we met Allah and He was pleased with us and made us pleased."' Allah said next, يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (They rejoice in a grace and a bounty from Allah, and that Allah will not waste the reward of the believers) 3:171. Muhammad bin Ishaq commented, "They were delighted and pleased because of Allah's promise that was fulfilled for them, and for the tremendous rewards they earned." `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "This Ayah encompasses all the believers, martyrs and otherwise. Rarely does Allah mention a bounty and a reward that He granted to the Prophets, without following that with what He has granted the believers after them." The Battle of Hamra' Al-Asad Allah said, الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُواْ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَصَـبَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ (Those who answered (the Call of) Allah and the Messenger after being wounded) 3:172. This occurred on the day of Hamra' Al-Asad. After the idolators defeated the Muslims (at Uhud), they started on their way back home, but soon they were concerned because they did not finish off the Muslims in Al-Madinah, so they set out to make that battle the final one. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got news of this, he commanded the Muslims to march to meet the disbelievers, to bring fear to their hearts and to demonstrate that the Muslims still had strength to fight. The Prophet only allowed those who were present during Uhud to accompany him, except for Jabir bin `Abdullah Al-Ansari, as we will mention. The Muslims mobilized, even though they were still suffering from their injuries, in obedience to Allah and His Messenger . Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Ikrimah said, "When the idolators returned towards Makkah after Uhud, they said, `You neither killed Muhammad nor collected female captives. Woe to you for what you did. Let us go back.' When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard this news, he mobilized the Muslim forces, and they marched until they reached Hamra Al-Asad. The idolators said, `Rather, we will meet next year', and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went back to Al-Madinah, and this was considered a Ghazwah (battle). Allah sent down, الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُواْ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَصَـبَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُواْ مِنْهُمْ وَاتَّقَوْاْ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (Those who answered (the Call of) Allah and the Messenger after being wounded; for those of them who did good deeds and feared Allah, there is a great reward.) Al-Bukhari recorded that `A'ishah said to `Urwah about the Ayah; الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُواْ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ (Those who answered (the Call of) Allah and the Messenger) "My nephew! Your fathers Az-Zubayr and Abu Bakr were among them. After the Prophet suffered the calamity at Uhud and the idolators went back, he feared that the idolators might try to come back and he said, `Who would follow them' Seventy men, including Az-Zubayr and Abu Bakr, volunteered." This was recorded by Al-Bukhari alone. As for Allah's statement, الَّذِينَ قَالَ لَهُمُ النَّاسُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ جَمَعُواْ لَكُمْ فَاخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَـناً (Those unto whom the people said, "Verily, the people have gathered against you, therefore, fear them." But it (only) increased them in faith) 3:173, it means, those who threatened the people, saying that the disbelievers have amassed against them, in order to instill fear in them, but this did not worry them, rather, they trusted in Allah and sought His help, وَقَالُواْ حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ (and they said: "Allah is Sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs.") Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ ("Allah Alone is Sufficient for us and He is the Best Disposer of affairs for us.") "Ibrahim said it when he was thrown in fire. Muhammad said it when the people said, `Verily, the people have gathered against you, therefore, fear them.' But it only increased them in faith, and they said, `Allah is Sufficient for us and He is the Best Disposer of affairs for us."' Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Anas bin Malik said that the Prophet was told on the day of Uhud, "Verily, the people have gathered against you, therefore, fear them." Thereafter, Allah sent down this Ayah 3:173. This is why Allah said, فَانْقَلَبُواْ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوءٌ (So they returned with grace and bounty from Allah. No harm touched them;) for when they relied on Allah, Allah took care of their worries, He confounded the plots of their enemies, and the Muslims returned to their land, بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوءٌ (with grace and bounty from Allah. No harm touched them;) safe from the wicked plots of their enemies, وَاتَّبَعُواْ رِضْوَنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ (and they followed the pleasure of Allah. And Allah is the Owner of great bounty.) Al-Bayhaqi recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, فَانْقَلَبُواْ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ (So they returned with grace and bounty from Allah,) "The `Grace' was that they were saved. The `Bounty' was that a caravan passed by, and those days were Hajj season days. Thus the Messenger of Allah ﷺ bought and sold and made a profit, which he divided between his Companions." Allah then said, إِنَّمَا ذَلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ (It is only Shaytan that suggests to you the fear of his friends,) 3:175 meaning, Shaytan threatens you with his friends and tries to pretend they are powerful and fearsome. Allah said next, فَلاَ تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنتُمْ مُّؤْمِنِينَ (so fear them not, but fear Me, if you are indeed believers.) meaning, "If Shaytan brings these thoughts to you, then depend on Me and seek refuge with Me. Indeed, I shall suffice you and make you prevail over them." Similarly, Allah said, أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِكَافٍ عَبْدَهُ وَيُخَوِّفُونَكَ بِالَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِ (Is not Allah Sufficient for His servant Yet they try to frighten you with those besides Him!) 39: 36, until, قُلْ حَسْبِىَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ يَتَوَكَّـلُ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ (Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him those who trust must put their trust.") 39:38. Allah said, فَقَـتِلُواْ أَوْلِيَاءَ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَـنِ كَانَ ضَعِيفاً (So fight you against the friends of Shaytan; ever feeble indeed is the plot of Shaytan.) 4:76 and أُوْلَـئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَـنِ أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَـنِ هُمُ الخَـسِرُونَ (They are the party of Shaytan. Verily, it is the party of Shaytan that will be the losers!) 58:19, كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be the victorious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.) 58:21 and وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ (Verily, Allah will help those who help His (cause).) 22:40 and يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِن تَنصُرُواْ اللَّهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ (O you who believe! If you help (in the cause of) Allah, He will help you) 47:7, and, إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ - يَوْمَ لاَ يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَهُمُ الْلَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe, in this world's life and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth. The Day when their excuses will be of no profit to wrongdoers. Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode.) 40:51,52

So they returned from Badr with grace and bounty from God safely and with profit and no evil touched them from any slaying or wounds; and they followed the beatitude of God by obeying Him and obeying His Messenger when they agreed to set out for the battle; and God is of bounty abounding for those that obey Him.

So they returned with grace and bounty from God, that is, they returned by means of the existence deriving from [His Name] the Truth to the garden of the attributes and the Essence, as was mentioned earlier; and evil, the remainder and the sight of other [than God], touched them not, and they followed the beatitude of God, which is the garden of the attributes during their state of wayfaring when they did not know what had been hidden for them of things that delight the eye, and that is the garden of the Essence referred to in His words: and God is of bounty abounding. For 'bounty' is an increase [granted] over beatitude.

So they returned with grace and bounty from God, that is, they returned by means of the existence deriving from [His Name] the Truth to the garden of the attributes and the Essence, as was mentioned earlier; and evil, the remainder and the sight of other [than God], touched them not, and they followed the beatitude of God, which is the garden of the attributes during their state of wayfaring when they did not know what had been hidden for them of things that delight the eye, and that is the garden of the Essence referred to in His words: and God is of bounty abounding. For 'bounty' is an increase [granted] over beatitude.

So they returned with grace and bounty from God and no evil touched them and they followed the beatitude of God; and God is of bounty abounding. Such is the way sunna of the Real ������ with those who are sincere in taking refuge with Him in that He prepares a resting place in the shadow of His sufficiency. No affliction touches them no pains distress them and no hardships overcome them.

So they returned with grace and bounty from God and no evil touched them and they followed the beatitude of God; and God is of bounty abounding. Such is the way sunna of the Real ������ with those who are sincere in taking refuge with Him in that He prepares a resting place in the shadow of His sufficiency. No affliction touches them no pains distress them and no hardships overcome them.

فرجعوا من "حمراء الأسد" إلى "المدينة" بنعمة من الله بالثواب الجزيل وبفضل منه بالمنزلة العالية، وقد ازدادوا إيمانًا ويقينًا، وأذلوا أعداء الله، وفازوا بالسلامة من القتل والقتال، واتبعوا رضوان الله بطاعتهم له ولرسوله. والله ذو فضل عظيم عليهم وعلى غيرهم.

قال تعالى "فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء" أي لما توكلوا على الله كفاهم ما أهمهم ورد عنهم بأس من أراد كيدهم فرجعوا إلى بلدهم "بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء" مما أضمر لهم عدوهم "واتبعوا رضوان الله والله ذو فضل عظيم" وقال البيهقي حدثنا أبو عبدالله الحافظ حدثنا أبو بكر بن داود الزاهد حدثنا محمد بن نعيم حدثنا بشر بن الحكم حدثنا مبشر بن عبدالله بن رزين حدثنا سفيان بن حسين عن يعلى بن مسلم عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس في قول الله "فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل" قال النعمة أنهم سلموا والفضل أن عيرا مرت في أيام الموسم فاشتراها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فربح فيها مالا فقسمه بين أصحابه وقال ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد في قول الله تعالى "الذين قال لهم الناس إن الناس قد جمعوا لكم فاخشوهم" قال هذا أبو سفيان قال لمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم موعدكم بدر حيث قتلتم أصحابنا فقال محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم "عسى" فانطلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لموعده حتى نزل بدرا فوافقوا السوق فيها فابتاعوا فذلك قول الله عز وجل "فانقلبوا بنعمة الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء" الآية. قال وهي غزوة بدر الصغرى رواه ابن جرير وروى أيضا عن القاسم عن الحسين عن حجاج عن ابن جريج قال: لما عمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لموعد أبي سفيان فجعلوا يلقون المشركين فيسألونهم عن قريش فيقولون قد جمعوا لكم يكيدونهم بذلك يريدون أن يرعبوهم فيقول المؤمنون حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل حتى قدموا بدرا فوجدوا أسواقها عافية لم ينازعهم فيها أحد قال فقدم رجل من المشركين فأخبر أهل مكة بخيل محمد وقال في ذلك. نفرت قلوصي من خيول محمــــد وعجوة منثورة كالعنجــــــد واتخذت ماء قديد موعدي قال ابن جرير هكذا أنشدنا القاسم وهو خطأ إنما هو: قد نفرت من رفقتي محمــــــد وعجوة من يثرب كالعنجـــــد فهي على دين أبيهـا الأتلــد قد جعلت ماء قديد موعـد وماء ضجنان لها ضحى الغد

ثم حكى - سبحانه - ما تم لهؤلاء المجاهدين الذين خرجوا للقاء أعدائهم من عاقبة حسنة وعود حميد فقال - تعالى - : { فانقلبوا بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ الله وَفَضْلٍ لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سواء واتبعوا رِضْوَانَ الله والله ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ } .فالفاء فى قوله { فانقلبوا بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ الله وَفَضْلٍ } للتعقيب ، وهى معطوفة على مقدر دل عليه السياق .ومعنى { انقلبوا } عادوا ورجعوا .والنعمة : هى العطاء الذى ينفع صاحبه . والفضل : الزيادة فى العطاء والنعمة .والمعنى : أن هؤلاء المجاهدين الصادقين خرجوا للقاء أعدائهم بدون وهن أو ضعف أو استكانة فلم يجدوهم ، فرجعوا إلى ديارهم مصحوبين { بِنِعْمَةٍ } عظيمة { مِّنَ الله } - تعالى - ، إذ خذل أعداءهم ، وسملهم من شرورهم ، ومصحوبين بفضل جليل منه - سبحانه - حيث أغدق عليهم ربحا وفيرا فى تجارتهم ، وأجراً جزيلا بسبب قوة إيمانهم ، وإخلاصهم فى دينهم .قال الآلوسى : " روى البيهقى عن ابن عباس أن عيراً مرت فى أيام الموسم - أى موسم بدر - فاشتراها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فربح مالا فقسمه بين أصحابه فذلك الفضل " .وأخرج ابن جرير عن السدى قال : أعطى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين خرج فى غزوة بدر الصغرى أصحابه دراهم ابتاعوا بها فى الموسم ، فأصابوا تجارة - فربحوا بها " .وقوله { بِنِعْمَةٍ } فى موضع الحال من الضمير { فانقلبوا } فتكون الباء للملابسة أو للمصاحبة فكأنه قيل : فانقلبوا متلبسين بنعمة أو مصاحبين لها .وقوله { مِّنَ الله } متعلق بمحذوف صفة لنعمة ، وهو مؤكد لفخامتها وأنها نعمة جزيلة لا يقدر قدرها .وقوله { لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سواء } أى لم يصبهم أى أذى أو مكروه عند خروجهم وعودتهم .والجملة فى موضع الحال من فاعل { انقلبوا } أى رجعوا منعمين مبرئين من السوء والأذى .وقوله { واتبعوا رِضْوَانَ الله } معطوف على قوله { فانقلبوا } .أى اتبعوا ما يرضى الله ويوصلهم إلى مثوبته ورحمته ، باستجابتهم لرسولهم صلى الله عليه وسلم وخروجهم للقاء أعدائهم بإيمان عميق ، وعزم وثيق .فأنت ترى أن الله - تعالى - قد أخبر عن هؤلاء المجاهدين المخلصين أنهم قد صحبهم فى عودتهم أمور أربعة :أولها : النعمة العظيمة .وثانيهما : الفضل الجزيل .وثالثها : السلامة من السوء .ورابعها : اتباع رضوان الله .وهذا كله قد منحه الله لهم جزاء إخلاصهم وثباتهم على الحق الذى آمنوا به .ثم ختم - سبحانه - الآية الكريمة بقوله : { والله ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ } .أى والله - تعالى - صاحب الفضل العظيم الذى لا يحده حصر ، ولا يحصيه عد ، هو الذى تفضل على هؤلاء المؤمنين الصادقين بما تفضل به نم عطاء كريم ، وثواب جزيل .وفى هذا التذيل زيادة تبشير للمؤمنين برعاية الله لهم ، وزيادة تحسير للمتخلفين عن الجهاد فى سبيله - عز وجل - ، حيث حرموا أنفسهم مما فاز به المؤمنون الصادقون .

القول في تأويل قوله : فَانْقَلَبُوا بِنِعْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ لَمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوءٌ وَاتَّبَعُوا رِضْوَانَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ (174)قال أبو جعفر: يعني جل ثناؤه بقوله: " فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله "، فانصرف الذين استجابوا لله والرسول من بعد ما أصابهم القرح، (1) من وجههم الذي توجَّهوا فيه -وهو سيرهم في أثر عدوهم- إلى حمراء الأسد=" بنعمة من الله "، يعني: بعافية من ربهم، لم يلقوا بها عدوًّا. (2) " وفضل "، يعني: أصابوا فيها من الأرباح بتجارتهم التي تَجَروا بها، (3) الأجر الذي اكتسبوه (4) =: " لم يمسسهم سوء " يعني: لم ينلهم بها مكروه من عدوّهم ولا أذى (5) =" واتبعوا رضوان الله "، يعني بذلك: أنهم أرضوا الله بفعلهم ذلك، واتباعهم رسوله إلى ما دعاهم إليه من اتباع أثر العدوّ، وطاعتهم=" والله ذو فضل عظيم "، يعني: والله ذو إحسان وطَوْل عليهم -بصرف عدوهم الذي كانوا قد همُّوا بالكرة إليهم، وغير ذلك من أياديه عندهم وعلى غيرهم- بنعمه (6) =" عظيم " عند من أنعم به عليه من خلقه.* * *وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال جماعة من أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:8251 - حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن عيسى، &; 7-415 &; عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد: " فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل "، قال: والفضل ما أصابوا من التجارة والأجر.8252 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد قال، وافقوا السوق فابتاعوا، وذلك قوله: " فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل ". قال: الفضل ما أصابوا من التجارة والأجر= قال ابن جريج: ما أصابوا من البيع نعمة من الله وفضل، أصابوا عَفْوه وغِرَّته (7) لا ينازعهم فيه أحد= قال: وقوله: " لم يمسسهم سوء "، قال: قتل=" واتبعوا رضوان الله "، قال: طاعة النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.8253 - حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " والله ذو فضل عظيم "، لما صرف عنهم من لقاء عدوهم. (8)8254 - حدثنا محمد بن سعد قال، حدثني أبي قال، حدثني عمي قال، حدثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس قال: أطاعوا الله وابتغوا حاجتهم، ولم يؤذهم أحد،" فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء واتبعوا رضوان الله والله ذو فضل عظيم ".8255 - حدثنا محمد قال، حدثنا أحمد قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي قال: أعطي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - يعني حين خرج إلى غزوة بدر الصغرى- ببدر دراهم، (9) ابتاعوا بها من موسم بدر فأصابوا تجارة، فذلك قول الله: " فانقلبوا بنعمة من لله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء واتبعوا رضوان الله ". أما " النعمة " فهي العافية، وأما " الفضل " فالتجارة، و " السوء " القتل.---------------الهوامش :(1) انظر تفسير"انقلب" فيما سلف 3: 163.(2) انظر تفسير"النعمة" فيما سلف 4: 272.(3) في المطبوعة: "اتجروا بها" ، وأثبت ما في المخطوطة."تجر يتجر تجرًا وتجارة": باع واشترى ، ومثله: "اتجر" على وزن (افتعل). والثلاثي على وزن (نصر وينصر).(4) انظر تفسير"الفضل" فيما سلف ص299 تعليق: 2 ، والمراجع هناك.(5) انظر تفسير"المس" فيما سلف 5: 118 / 7: 155 ، 238.(6) السياق: "والله ذو إحسان وطول. . . بنعمه".(7) في المطبوعة: "وعزته" ، ولا معنى لها ، وفي المخطوطة غير منقوطة. و"الغرة" (بكسر الغين) الغفلة ، يريد خلو السوق ممن يزاحمهم فيها ، كأنهم أتوها والناس في غفلة عنها. وهو مجاز ، ومثله عيش غرير: أي ناعم ، لا يفزع أهله.(8) الأثر: 8253 - سيرة ابن هشام 3: 128 ، وهو تتمة الآثار التي آخرها: 8244.(9) في المطبوعة والدر المنثور"ببدر دراهم" ، وفي المخطوطة "بردراهم" غير منقوطة ، وأخشى أن تكون كلمة مصحفة لم أهتد إليها ، وإن قرأتها"نثر دراهم" ، فلعلها! وشيء نثر (بفتحتين) متناثر. ولا أدري أيصح ذلك أو لا يصح.

( فانقلبوا ) فانصرفوا ، ( بنعمة من الله ) بعافية لم يلقوا عدوا ( وفضل ) تجارة وربح وهو ما أصابوا في السوق ( لم يمسسهم سوء ) يصبهم أذى ولا مكروه ، ( واتبعوا رضوان الله ) في طاعة الله وطاعة رسوله وذلك أنهم قالوا : هل يكون هذا غزوا فأعطاهم الله ثواب الغزو ورضي عنهم ، ( والله ذو فضل عظيم ) .

وقوله : { فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله } تعقيب للإخبار عن ثبات إيمانهم وقولِهم : حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل ، وهو تعقيب لمحذوف يدلّ عليه فعل { فانقلبوا } ، لأنّ الانقلاب يقتضي أنَّهم خرجوا للقاء العدوّ الذي بلغ عنهم أنّهم جمعوا لَهم ولم يَعبأوا بخويف الشيطان ، والتقدير : فخرجوا فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله .والباء للملابسة أي ملابسين لِنعمة وفضل من الله . فالنعمة هي ما أخذوه من الأموال ، والفضلُ فضل الجهاد . ومعنى لم يمسسهم سوء لم يلاقوا حرباً مع المشركين .

{ فانقلبوا } أي: رجعوا { بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء } وجاء الخبر المشركين أن الرسول وأصحابه قد خرجوا إليكم، وندم من تخلف منهم، فألقى الله الرعب في قلوبهم، واستمروا راجعين إلى مكة، ورجع المؤمنون بنعمة من الله وفضل، حيث مَنَّ عليهم بالتوفيق للخروج بهذه الحالة والاتكال على ربهم، ثم إنه قد كتب لهم أجر غزاة تامة، فبسبب إحسانهم بطاعة ربهم، وتقواهم عن معصيته، لهم أجر عظيم، وهذا فضل الله عليهم.

قوله تعالى : فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء واتبعوا رضوان الله والله ذو فضل عظيم قال علماؤنا : لما فوضوا أمورهم إليه ، واعتمدوا بقلوبهم عليه ، أعطاهم من الجزاء أربعة معان : النعمة ، والفضل ، وصرف السوء ، واتباع الرضا . فرضاهم عنه ، ورضي عنهم .

The battle of Uhud took place at a distance of two miles from Madinah. After the battle, the enemy, led by Abu Sufyan, marched back and camped at a place called Hamra-ul-Asad, at a distance of eight miles from Madinah. After having camped there, it occurred to those who denied the truth that they had made a great mistake in leaving Uhud, as it was there that they had the best opportunity to pursue the Muslims as far as Madinah and crush their power forever. In the meantime, they met a trader’s caravan belonging to the tribe of Abdul Qays, going on to Madinah. They gave the people of the caravan some money and induced them to spread rumours in Madinah that would strike terror into the hearts of the Muslims. When they reached Madinah, they started saying that they had seen themselves that the Makkans were gathering a large force and intended to attack Madinah once again. However, the Muslims’ total trust in God was a guarantee that the planning of the enemies would prove counter-productive. The rumour about the Makkans actually benefited the Muslims, as they were now forewarned of their enemies’ intentions. Consequently, the Prophet along with his companions immediately marched towards Hamra-ul-Asad, prior to the Makkan army advancing on Madinah. When the Makkans learnt that the Muslim force was advancing towards them, they thought that the Muslims had mustered fresh forces. They immediately fled to Makkah, giving up all thoughts of attacking Madinah again.

The third verse (174) recounts the blessings which descended upon these noble Companions for their brave response to the call of Jihad and for saying: حَسْبُنَا اللَّـهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ (Allah is all-sufficient for us, and the best one to trust in). It was said: فَانقَلَبُوا بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَفَضْلٍ لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوءٌ وَاتَّبَعُوا رِ‌ضْوَانَ اللَّـهِ So, they returned with bounty from Allah, and grace, with no evil having even touched them -- and submitted to the pleasure of Allah. Allah Almighty bestowed on them three blessings: 1. Such awe and terror was placed in the hearts of disbelievers that they ran away because of which the Companions remained protected against the rigours of fighting on the battlefield. Allah Almighty has used the very word نِعْمَة Ni'mah for what we refer to as blessing. 2. The second blessing conferred on them was the opportunity to engage in trading in the market of Hamra'al-Asad. The benefits yielded by such financial transactions were called فضل 'Fadl' or the bounty from Allah. 3. The third and the highest of the three blessings was the attainment of the pleasure of Allah which these blessed souls received in Jihad in a special manner حَسْبُنَا اللَّـهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ : Hasbunallahu wa ni` mal-wakil: A wonderful prayer for all of us The blessings of this prayer cited by the Holy Qur'an were not limited to the Companions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in any restrictive sense. The fact is that anyone who recites this prayer devotedly with a genuine sense of faith will share in such blessings. Muslim scholars and spiritual masters have said that one who recites this verse a thousand times with true faith, and prays, will find that Allah Almighty has not rejected his prayer. Reciting this verse under the stress of frustrations and difficulties is a proven panacea. The fourth verse (175) tells Muslims that the real agent behind the report that the disbelievers are coming back is شیطان Satan himself who would love to see Muslims overawed. In other words, شیطان Satan is threatening Muslims with the strength of his friends - his cohorts, the disbelievers. Thus, one of the two objects of the verb يُخَوِّفُ yukhawwifu [ frightens (you)] has been left out in the text. The one mentioned is in اولیاہُ 'auliya'ahu' (of his friends) while the one understood but not mentioned is 'you' as it would be in يُخَوِّفُکم yukhawwifukum (frightens you). In the end, the verse exhorts Muslims not to fear such threats. What is necessary is that Muslims must continue fearing Allah, the natural outcome of which will be that a true Muslim will always think twice before embarking on anything that means disobedience to Allah. The truth of the matter is that, with Allah's help and support on ones' side, no harm can come from any side. The Fear of Allah: What does it mean? The imperative in the present verse obligates Muslims that they must always keep fearing Allah. In another verse, يَخَافُونَ رَ‌بَّهُم مِّن فَوْقِهِمْ (They fear their Lord above them-16:50) those who do so have been praised. Some revered elders have explained it by saying that fearing Allah does not mean that one should be scared stiff or sit back in tears. Far from it, a God-fearing person is one who leaves everything which may become a source of Allah's displeasure or punishment. Abu ` Ali al-Daqqaq, may Allah's mercy be upon him, says that Abu Bakr ibn al-Fuwarrak ؓ was sick so he paid him a visit. When Abu Bakr saw him, he was in tears. Abu ` Ali consoled him by saying that there was nothing to worry about, Allah Almighty will give him health soon enough. Abu Bakr corrected Abu 'Ali's impression and said that he was certainly not weeping because of any fear of death. What he really worried about was his fate after death lest he may be awarded some punishment then. (Qurtubi)

(So they returned with grace) reward (and favour from Allah,) and profit from that which they traded in the market place; it is also said that this means: booty (and no harm) fighting or defeat (touched them) in going and returning. (They followed the good pleasure of Allah) by accompanying the Prophet (pbuh) at the lesser Badr, (and Allah) by driving the enemy from them (is of Infinite Bounty) favour.