The Family of Imran, The House of Imran — Verse 193

The Proofs of Tawhid for People of Understanding, their Characteristics, Speech, and Supplications Allah said, إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the Earth,) 3:190, referring to the sky in its height and spaciousness, the earth in its expanse and density, the tremendous features they have of rotating planets, seas, mountains, deserts, trees, plants, fruits, animals, metals and various beneficial colors, scents, tastes and elements. وَاخْتِلَـفِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ (And in the alternation of night and day), as one follows and takes from the length of the other. For instance, at times one of them becomes longer than the other, shorter than the other at times and equal to the other at other times, and the same is repeated again and again, and all this occurs by the decision of the Almighty, Most Wise. This is why Allah said, لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ (there are indeed signs for men of understanding), referring to the intelligent and sound minds that contemplate about the true reality of things, unlike the deaf and mute who do not have sound comprehension. Allah said about the latter type, وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضُونَ - وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ مُّشْرِكُونَ (And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth they pass by, while they are averse therefrom. And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him) 12:105,106. Allah then describes those who have good minds, الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَـماً وَقُعُوداً وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ (Those who remember Allah standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides) 3:191. Al-Bukhari recorded that `Imran bin Husayn said that, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «صَلِّ قَائِمًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْب» (Pray while standing, and if you can't, pray while sitting, and if you cannot do even that, then pray lying on your side.) These people remember Allah in all situations, in their heart and speech, وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (and think deeply about the creation of the heavens and the Earth), contemplating about signs in the sky and earth that testify to the might, ability, knowledge, wisdom, will and mercy of the Creator. Allah criticizes those who do not contemplate about His creation, which testifies to His existence, Attributes, Shari`ah, His decree and Ayat. Allah said, وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضُونَ - وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ مُّشْرِكُونَ (And how many a sign in the heavens and the Earth they pass by, while they are averse therefrom. And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him) 12:105,106. Allah also praises His believing servants, الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَـماً وَقُعُوداً وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (Those who remember Allah standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and think deeply about the creation of the heavens and the earth), supplicating; رَبَّنَآ مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذا بَـطِلاً ("Our Lord! You have not created this without purpose,") You did not create all this in jest and play. Rather, You created it in truth, so that You recompense those who do evil in kind, and reward those who do righteous deeds with what is better. The faithful believers praise Allah and deny that He does anything in jest and without purpose, saying, سُبْحَـنَكَ ("glory to You,"), for You would never create anything without purpose, فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ("Give us salvation from the torment of the Fire."), meaning, "O You Who created the creation in truth and justice, Who is far from any shortcomings, or doing things without purpose or with jest, save us from the torment of the Fire with Your power and strength. Direct us to perform the deeds that make You pleased with us. Guide us to righteous work from which You admit us into the delightful Paradise, and save us from Your painful torment." They next supplicate, رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ مَن تُدْخِلِ النَّارَ فَقَدْ أَخْزَيْتَهُ ("Our Lord! Verily, whom You admit to the Fire, indeed, You have disgraced him;), by humiliating and disgracing him before all people on the Day of Gathering, وَمَا لِلظَّـلِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ< ("and never will the wrongdoers find any helpers."), on the Day of Judgment, who would save them from You. Therefore, there is no escaping whatever fate You decided for them. رَّبَّنَآ إِنَّنَآ سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِياً يُنَادِى لِلإِيمَـنِ ("Our Lord! Verily, we have heard the call of one calling to faith,"), a caller who calls to faith, referring to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, أَنْ ءَامِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ فَـَامَنَّا (`Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed), accepted his call and followed him. رَبَّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا ("Our Lord! Forgive us our sins"), on account of our faith and obeying Your Prophet فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا ("Forgive us our sins"), and cover them, وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَـتِنَا ("and expiate from us our evil deeds"), between us and You, in private, وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الاٌّبْرَارِ ("and make us die along with Al-Abrar."), join us with the righteous people. رَبَّنَا وَءَاتِنَا مَا وَعَدتَّنَا عَلَى رُسُلِكَ ("Our Lord! Grant us what You promised unto us through Your Messengers") for our faith in Your Messengers, or, and this explanation is better; grant us what You promised us by the words of Your Messengers, وَلاَ تُخْزِنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ ("and disgrace us not on the Day of Resurrection,"), before all creation, إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ ("for You never break (Your) Promise."), for surely, the promise that You conveyed to Your Messengers, which includes us being resurrected before You, shall certainly come to pass. It was the Prophet's tradition to recite the ten Ayat at the end of Surah Al `Imran when he woke up at night for (voluntary) prayer. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "I slept one night at the house of my aunt, Maymunah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke with his wife for a while and then went to sleep. When it was the third part of the night, he stood up, looked at the sky and recited, إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ (Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding) 3:190. The Prophet then stood up, performed ablution, used Siwak (to clean his teeth) and prayed eleven units of prayer. When Bilal said the Adhan, the Prophet prayed two units of prayer, went out (to the Masjid) and led the people in the Dawn prayer." This was also collected by Muslim. Ibn Marduwyah recorded that `Ata' said, "I, Ibn `Umar and `Ubayd bin `Umayr went to `A'ishah and entered her room, and there was a screen between us and her. She said, `O `Ubayd! What prevents you from visiting us' He said, `What the poet said, `Visit every once in a while, and you will be loved more.' Ibn `Umar said, `Tell us about the most unusual thing you witnessed from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' She cried and said, `All his matters were amazing. On night, he came close to me until his skin touched my skin and said, `Let me worship my Lord.' I said, `By Allah I love your being close to me. I also love that you worship your Lord.' He used the water-skin and performed ablution, but did not use too much water. He then stood up in prayer and cried until his beard became wet. He prostrated and cried until he made the ground wet. He then laid down on his side and cried. When Bilal came to alert the Prophet for the Dawn prayer, he said, `O Messenger of Allah! What makes you cry, while Allah has forgiven you your previous and latter sins' He said, «وَيْحَكَ يَا بِلَالُ، وَمَا يَمْنَعُنِي أَنْ أَبْكِيَ، وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِي هذِهِ اللَّيْلَة» (O Bilal! What prevents me from crying, when this night, this Ayah was revealed to me,) إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ (Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding.) (Woe to he who recites it but does not contemplate it.)."

Our Lord we have heard a caller calling summoning people to belief li’l-īmān means ilā l-īmān and this is Muhammad (s) or summoning them to the Qur’ān saying that “Believe in your Lord!” And we believed in Him. So our Lord forgive us our sins and absolve us of conceal our evil deeds and so do not make them manifest by punishing us for them and take us in death receive our spirits together with the pious the prophets and the righteous.

Our Lord, we have heard, with the hearing channels of our hearts, a caller, from our innermost secrets, which constitute the shore of the right valley of the spirit, calling to, the belief of the eyewitnessing, saying, �Believe in your Lord!�, that is, �Witness your Lord�, and so we witnessed. So, our Lord, forgive us, the sins of our attributes through Your attributes, and absolve us of, the evil deeds of our acts by a vision of Your acts, and receive us, from our essences among the company of the pious substitutes whom You receive from their essences with Your essence, and not those pious who remain in the same state at the station of the effacement of the attributes who are not ready to be received totally.

Our Lord, we have heard, with the hearing channels of our hearts, a caller, from our innermost secrets, which constitute the shore of the right valley of the spirit, calling to, the belief of the eyewitnessing, saying, �Believe in your Lord!�, that is, �Witness your Lord�, and so we witnessed. So, our Lord, forgive us, the sins of our attributes through Your attributes, and absolve us of, the evil deeds of our acts by a vision of Your acts, and receive us, from our essences among the company of the pious substitutes whom You receive from their essences with Your essence, and not those pious who remain in the same state at the station of the effacement of the attributes who are not ready to be received totally.

�Our Lord we have heard a caller calling to belief saying 'Believe in your Lord!' And we believed. So our Lord forgive us our sins and absolve us of our evil deeds and take us [in death] with the pious. It means �We have answered the caller dāʿī but You are the guide hādī so do not leave us to ourselves and do not raise the shadow of your care from us.� Faith īmān is entering into that which brings security amān and one only has faith in the Real from the Real granting him security. The security of the Real for the servant which is His granting him protection brings about the faith of the servant in the Real which is his affirmation taṣdīq of Him and his deep recognition maʿrifa of Him. And take us [in death] with the pious: They are those chosen for the proper ways of declaring oneness ḥaqāÌiq al-tawḥīd those who stand for God [according] to the conditions of utter devotion sharāÌiṬ al-tafrīd and stay with God by the special characteristics of disengaging [from anything other than Him] khaṣāÌiṣ al-tajrīd.

�Our Lord we have heard a caller calling to belief saying 'Believe in your Lord!' And we believed. So our Lord forgive us our sins and absolve us of our evil deeds and take us [in death] with the pious. It means �We have answered the caller dāʿī but You are the guide hādī so do not leave us to ourselves and do not raise the shadow of your care from us.� Faith īmān is entering into that which brings security amān and one only has faith in the Real from the Real granting him security. The security of the Real for the servant which is His granting him protection brings about the faith of the servant in the Real which is his affirmation taṣdīq of Him and his deep recognition maʿrifa of Him. And take us [in death] with the pious: They are those chosen for the proper ways of declaring oneness ḥaqāÌiq al-tawḥīd those who stand for God [according] to the conditions of utter devotion sharāÌiṬ al-tafrīd and stay with God by the special characteristics of disengaging [from anything other than Him] khaṣāÌiṣ al-tajrīd.

يا ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا -هو نبيك محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم- ينادي الناس للتصديق بك، والإقرار بوحدانيتك، والعمل بشرعك، فأجبنا دعوته وصدَّقنا رسالته، فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا، واستر عيوبنا، وألحقنا بالصالحين.

"ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا ينادي للإيمان" أي داعيا يدعو إلى الإيمان وهو الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم "أن آمنوا بربكم فآمنا" أي يقول آمنوا بربكم فآمنا أي فاستجبنا له واتبعناه "ربنا فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا" أي بإيماننا واتباعنا نبيك أى استرها "وكفر عنا سيئاتنا" فيما بيننا وبينك "وتوفنا مع الأبرار" أي ألحقنا بالصالحين.

ثم حكى - سبحانه - لوناً آخر من ألوان ضراعتهم يدل على قوة إيمانهم فقال - تعالى - { رَّبَّنَآ إِنَّنَآ سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِياً يُنَادِي لِلإِيمَانِ أَنْ آمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ فَآمَنَّا } .أى أنهم يقولون على سبيل الضراعة والخضوع لله رب العالمين : يا ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا ينادى أى داعياً يدعو إلى الإيمان وهو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فاستجبنا لدعوته ، وآمنا بما دعانا إليه بدون تردد أو تسويف .وفى وصفه صلى الله عليه وسلم بالمنادى ، دلالة على كمال اعتنائه بشأن دعوته التى يدعو إليها ، وأنه حريض على تبليغها للناس تبليغا تاما .قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : فأى فائدة فى الجمع بين " المنادى " و { يُنَادِي } ؟ قلت : ذكر النداء مطلقا ، ثم مقيداً بالإيمان ، تفخيما لشأن المنادى؛ لأنه لا منادى أعظم من مناد ينادى للإيمان . ونحوه قولك : مررت بهاد يهدى للإسلام . وذلك أن النمادى إذا أطلق ذهب الوهم إلى مناد للحر ، أو لإغاثة المكروب ، أو لكفاية بعض النوازل ، أو لبعض المنافع . وكذلك الهادى قد يطلق على من يهدى للطريق ويهدى لسداد الرأى وغير ذلك .فإذا قلت : ينادى للإيمان . ويهدى للإسلام ، فقد رفعت من شأن المنادى والهادى وفخمته .و " أن " فى قوله { أَنْ آمِنُواْ } تفسيرية لما فى فعل { يُنَادِي } من معنى القول دون حروفه ، وجىء بفاء التعقيب فى قوله - تعالى - حكاية عنهم { فَآمَنَّا } ؛ للدلالة على المبادرة والسبق ، إلى الإيمان ، وأنهم قد أقبلوا على الداعى لى الله بسرعة وامتثال ، وفى ذلك دلالة على سلامة فطرتهم ، وبعدهم عن المكابرة والعناد .ثم حكى - سبحانه - مطلبهم فقال : { رَبَّنَا فاغفر لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الأبرار } .أى نسألك يا ربنا بعد أن آمنا بنبيك ، واستجبنا للحق الذى جاء به ، أن تغفر لنا ذنوبنا بأن تسترها وتعفو عنها ، وأن تكفر عنا سيئاتنا بأن تزيلها وتمحوها وتحولها إلى حسنات أو بأن تحشرنا مع الأبرار أى مع عبادك الصالحين المستقيمين الأخيار . إذ الأبرار جمع بار وهو الشخص الكثير الطاعة لخالقه - تعالى - .فأنت تراهم قد طلبوا من خالقهم ثلاثة أمور ، غفران الذنوب ، وتكفير السيئات ، والوفاة مع الأبرار الأخيار ، وهى مطالب تدل على قوة إيمانهم ، وصفاى نفوسهم ، وزهدهم فى متع الحياة الدنيا .وقد جمعوا فى طلبهم بين غفران الذنوب وتكفير السيئات ، لأن السيئة عصيان فيه إساءة ، والذنب عصيان فيه تقصير وتباطؤ عن فعل الخير ، والغفران والتكفير كلاهما فيه معنى التسر والتغطية ، إلا أن الغفران يضتمن معنى عدم العقاب ، والتكفير يتضمن ذهاب أثر السيئة .ومعنى وفاتهم مع الأبرار : أن يموتوا على حالة البر والطاعة وأن تلازمهم تلك الحالة إلى الممات ، وألا يحصل منهم ارتداد على أدبارهم ، بل يستمروا على الطاعة استمرارا تاما .وبذلك يكونو في صحبة الأبرار وفى جملتهم .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي لِلإِيمَانِ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِرَبِّكُمْ فَآمَنَّا رَبَّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الأَبْرَارِ (193)قال أبو جعفر: اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل " المنادي" الذي ذكره الله تعالى في هذه الآية.فقال بعضهم: ا " لمنادي" في هذا الموضع، القرآن.* ذكر من قال ذلك:8361 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا قبيصة بن عقبة قال، حدثنا سفيان، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن محمد بن كعب: " إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان "، قال: هو الكتاب، ليس كلهم لقي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. (39)8362 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا منصور بن حكيم، عن خارجة، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي في قوله: " ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان "، قال: ليس كل الناس سمع النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولكن المنادي القرآن. (40)* * *وقال آخرون: بل هو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم .* ذكر من قال ذلك:8363 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج قوله: " إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان ": قال: هو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم.8364 - حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: " ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان "، قال: ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب، قول محمد بن كعب، وهو أن يكون " المنادي" القرآن. لأن كثيرًا ممن وصفهم الله بهذه الصفة في هذه الآيات، ليسوا ممن رأى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولا عاينه فسمعوا دعاءه إلى الله تبارك وتعالى ونداءه، ولكنه القرآن، وهو نظير قوله جل ثناؤه مخبرًا عن الجن إذ سمعوا كلام الله يتلى عليهم أنهم قالوا: إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قُرْآنًا عَجَبًا * يَهْدِي إِلَى الرُّشْدِ [سورة الجن: 1، 2]وبنحو ذلك:-8365 - حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: " ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان " إلى قوله: " وتوفَّنَا مع الأبرار "، سمعوا دعوة من الله فأجابوها فأحسنوا الإجابة فيها، وصبروا عليها. ينبئكم الله عن مؤمن الإنس كيف قال، وعن مؤمن الجنّ كيف قال. فأما مؤمن الجن فقال: إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قُرْآنًا عَجَبًا * يَهْدِي إِلَى الرُّشْدِ فَآمَنَّا بِهِ وَلَنْ نُشْرِكَ بِرَبِّنَا أَحَدًا وأما مؤمن الإنس فقال: " إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان أن آمنوا بربكم فآمنا ربنا فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا "، الآية.* * *وقيل: " إننا سمعنا مناديًا ينادي للإيمان "، يعني: ينادي إلى الإيمان، كما &; 7-482 &; قال تعالى ذكره: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدَانَا لِهَذَا [سورة الأعراف: 43] بمعنى: هدانا إلى هذا، (41) وكما قال الراجز: (42)أَوْحَــى لَهــا القَــرَارَ فَاسْـتَقَرَّتِوَشَـــدَّهَا بِالرَّاسِـــيَاتِ الثُّبَّــتِ (43)بمعنى: أوحى إليها، ومنه قوله: بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَى لَهَا [سورة الزلزلة: 5]* * *وقيل: يحتمل أن يكون معناه: إننا سمعنا مناديًا للإيمان، ينادي أن آمنوا بربكم. (44)* * *فتأويل الآية إذًا: ربنا سمعنا داعيًا يدعو إلى الإيمان= يقول: إلى التصديق بك، والإقرار بوحدانيتك، واتباع رسولك، وطاعته فيما أمرنا به ونهانا عنه مما جاء به من عندك=" فآمنا ربنا "، يقول: فصدقنا بذلك يا ربنا. =" فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا "، يقول: فاستر علينا خطايانا، ولا تفضحنا بها في القيامة على رءوس الأشهاد، بعقوبتك إيانا عليها، ولكن كفّرها عنا، وسيئات أعمالنا، فامحها بفضلك ورحمتك إيانا=" وتوفنا مع الأبرار "، (45) يعني بذلك: واقبضنا إليك إذا قبضتنا إليك، في عداد الأبرار، واحشرنا محشرهم ومعهم.* * *و " الأبرار " جمع " بَرَ"، وهم الذين برُّوا الله تبارك وتعالى بطاعتهم إياه وخدمتهم له، حتى أرضوه فرضي عنهم. (46)----------------------------الهوامش:(39) الأثر: 8361 -"قبيصة بن عقبة بن محمد السوائي" مضى برقم: 489 ، 2792 ، وهو ثقة معروف ، أخرج له الستة ، وتكلم بعضهم في روايته عن سفيان الثوري: بأنه يخطئ في بعض روايته ، بأنه سمع من الثوري صغيرًا.و"موسى بن عبيدة بن نشيط الربذي" ، ضعيف جدا ، مضى برقم: 1875 ، 1876 ، 3291.(40) الأثر: 8362 -"منصور بن حكيم" ، لم أعرفه ولم أجد له ترجمة ، وكذلك"خارجة" لم أعرف من يكون فيمن اسمه"خارجة" ، وأخشى أن يكون فيهما تصحيف أو تحريف.(41) انظر ما سلف 1: 169.(42) هو العجاج.(43) سلف تخريجهما في 6: 405 ، تعليق: 3.(44) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1: 250 ، ومجاز القرآن لأبي عبيدة 1: 111.(45) انظر مجاز القرآن لأبي عبيدة 1: 111.(46) وانظر تفسير"البر" فيما سلف 2: 8 / 3: 336 - 338 ، 556 / 4: 425 / 6: 587.

( ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا ) يعني : محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم قاله ابن مسعود وابن عباس رضي الله عنهما ، وأكثر الناس ، وقال القرظي : يعني القرآن فليس كل أحد يلقى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ( ينادي للإيمان ) أي إلى الإيمان ، ( أن آمنوا بربكم فآمنا ربنا فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا وكفر عنا سيئاتنا وتوفنا مع الأبرار ) أي : في جملة الأبرار .

وقوله تعالى : { ربنا إننا سمعنا منادياً } أرادوا به النبي محمداً صلى الله عليه وسلم والمنادي ، الذي يرفع صوته بالكلام . والنداء : رفع الصوت بالكلام رفعاً قوياً لأجل الإسماع وهو مشتقّ من النداء بكسر النون وبضمّها وهو الصوت المرتفع . يقال : هو أندى صوتاً أي أرفعُ ، فأصل النداء الجهر بالصوت والصياح به ، ومنه سمّي دعاء الشخص شخصاً ليقبل إليه نداء ، لأنّ من شأنه أن يرفع الصوت به؛ ولذلك جعلوا له حروفاً ممدودة مثل ( يا ) و ( آ ) و ( أيا ) و ( هيا ) . ومنه سمّي الأذان نداء ، وأطلق هنا على المبالغة في الإسماع والدعوة وإن لم يكن في ذلك رفع صوت ، ويطلق النداء على طلب الإقبال بالذات أو بالفَهم بحروف معلومة كقوله تعالى : { وناديناه أن يا إبراهيم قد صدقت الرؤيا } [ فصلت : 104 ، 105 ] ويجوز أن يكون هو المراد هنا لأنّ النبي يدعو الناس بنحو : يأيّها الناس ويا بَني فلان ويا أمّة محمد ونحو ذلك ، وسيأتي تفسير معاني النداء عند قوله تعالى : { ونودوا أن تلكم الجنة } في سورة [ الأعراف : 43 ] . واللام لام العلّة ، أي لأجل الإيمان بالله .و ( أن ) في أن آمنوا } تفسيرية لما في فعل ( يُنادي ) من معنى القول دون حروفه .وجاءوا بفاء التعقيب في ( فآمنّا ) : للدلالة على المبادرة والسبق إلى الإيمان ، وذلك دليل سلامة فطرتهم من الخطأ والمكابرة ، وقد توسّموا أن تكون مُبادرتهم لإجابة دعوة الإسلام مشكورة عند الله تعالى ، فلذلك فرّعوا عليه قولهم : { فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا } لأنّهم لمّا بذلوا كلّ ما في وسعهم من اتّباع الدين كانوا حقيقين بترجّي المغفرة .والغَفْر والتكفير متقاربان في المادة المشتقيْن منها إلاّ أنّه شاع الغفر والغفران في العفو عن الذنب والتكفير في تعويض الذنب بعوض ، فكأنّ العوض كفّر الذنب أي ستره ، ومنه سمّيت كفّارة الإفطار في رمضان . وكفّارة الحنث في اليمين إلاّ أنهم أرادوا بالذنوب ما كان قاصراً على ذواتهم ، ولذلك طلبوا مغفرته ، وأرادوا من السيّئات ما كان فيه حقّ الناس ، فلذلك سألوا تكفيرها عنهم .وقيل هو مجرّد تأكيد ، وهو حسن ، وقيل أرادوا من الذنوب الكبائر ومن السيّئات الصغائر لأنّ اجتناب الكبائر يكفّر الصغائر ، بناء على أنّ الذنب أدلّ على الإثم من السيئة .وسألوا الوفاة مع الأبرار ، أي أن يموتوا على حالة البِرّ ، بأن يلازمهم البرّ إلى الممات وأن لا يرتدّوا على أدبارهم ، فإذا ماتوا كذلك ماتوا من جملة الأبرار . فالمعية هنا معية اعتبارية ، وهي المشاركة في الحالة الكاملة ، والمعية مع الأبرار أبلغ في الاتّصاف بالدلالة ، لأنّه برّ يرجى دوامه وتزايدُه لِكون صاحبه ضمن جمع يزيدونه إقبالاً على البرّ بلسان المقال ولسان الحال .

ثم وصف أولي الألباب بأنهم { يذكرون الله } في جميع أحوالهم: { قياما وقعودا وعلى جنوبهم } وهذا يشمل جميع أنواع الذكر بالقول والقلب، ويدخل في ذلك الصلاة قائما، فإن لم يستطع فقاعدا، فإن لم يستطع فعلى جنب، وأنهم { يتفكرون في خلق السماوات والأرض } أي: ليستدلوا بها على المقصود منها، ودل هذا على أن التفكر عبادة من صفات أولياء الله العارفين، فإذا تفكروا بها، عرفوا أن الله لم يخلقها عبثا، فيقولون: { ربنا ما خلقت هذا باطلا سبحانك } عن كل ما لا يليق بجلالك، بل خلقتها بالحق وللحق، مشتملة على الحق. { فقنا عذاب النار } بأن تعصمنا من السيئات، وتوفقنا للأعمال الصالحات، لننال بذلك النجاة من النار. ويتضمن ذلك سؤال الجنة، لأنهم إذا وقاهم الله عذاب النار حصلت لهم الجنة، ولكن لما قام الخوف بقلوبهم، دعوا الله بأهم الأمور عندهم، { ربنا إنك من تدخل النار فقد أخزيته } أي: لحصوله على السخط من الله، ومن ملائكته، وأوليائه، ووقوع الفضيحة التي لا نجاة منها، ولا منقذ منها، ولهذا قال: { وما للظالمين من أنصار } ينقذونهم من عذابه، وفيه دلالة على أنهم دخلوها بظلمهم.

رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي لِلْإِيمَانِ أي محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم ; قاله ابن مسعود وابن عباس وأكثر المفسرين .وقال قتادة ومحمد بن كعب القرظي : هو القرآن , وليس كلهم سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم .دليل هذا القول ما أخبر الله تعالى عن مؤمني الجن إذ قالوا : " إنا سمعنا قرآنا عجبا يهدي إلى الرشد " [ الجن : 1 - 2 ] .وأجاب الأولون فقالوا : من سمع القرآن فكأنما لقي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ; وهذا صحيح معنى .وأن من أَنْ آمِنُوا بِرَبِّكُمْ فَآمَنَّا في موضع نصب على حذف حرف الخفض , أي بأن آمنوا .وفي الكلام تقديم وتأخير , أي سمعنا مناديا للإيمان ينادي ; عن أبي عبيدة .وقيل : اللام بمعنى إلى , أي إلى الإيمان ; كقوله : " ثم يعودون لما نهوا عنه " [ المجادلة : 8 ] .وقوله : " بأن ربك أوحى لها " [ الزلزلة : 5 ] وقوله : " الحمد لله الذي هدانا لهذا " [ الأعراف : 43 ] أي إلى هذا , ومثله كثير .وقيل : هي لام أجل , أي لأجل الإيمان . رَبَّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا تأكيد ومبالغة في الدعاء .ومعنى اللفظين واحد ; فإن الغفر والكفر : الستر . وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الْأَبْرَارِ أي أبرارا مع الأنبياء , أي في جملتهم .واحدهم بر وبار وأصله من الاتساع ; فكأن البر متسع في طاعة الله ومتسعة له رحمة الله .

Those who think deeply, seeking a more profound reality, find it unthinkable that a meaningful universe should have a meaningless end. They discover, that the message conveyed by the preacher is the announcement, in human language, of the same reality, which is being silently proclaimed by the whole universe. The greatest issue is that when the truth is unveiled, and the ‘sun’ of justice makes its appearance, they should not be left deprived and destitute. So when the truth appears, they rush towards it, remembering God. By breaking all personal bonds and ridding their thoughts of worldly considerations, they become one with the preacher of truth; so that in the next world, when the ‘darkness’ and the ‘light’ of the universe are separated, the Lord of the universe will make them inhabit the light, and will not abandon them to fumble eternally in the dark. The true measure of wisdom and unwisdom is wholly different from the one devised by human beings on their own. Here a wise man is one who lives in the remembrance of God, who can discover the divine meaningfulness at work in the creation plan of the universe. On the contrary, the unwise man is one who keeps his mind engaged in other more material things, who lives in this world as if he is totally unaware of the creation plan of the Lord of the Universe.

That human intentions and plans keep failing everywhere all the time is a matter of common experience. These cannot be called the prime movers and operators of this universal system. Therefore, the outcome of the deliberation into the creation of the heavens and the earth and into what has been created in them is, as wisdom dictates, living to know, obey and remember Allah. Anyone unmindful of it does not deserve to be classed as wise. Therefore, the Holy Qur'an has given the following sign of the wise: الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُ‌ونَ اللَّـهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ That is, the wise are those who remember Allah - standing and sitting and (lying) on their sides (191). In other words it means that they are engaged in the remembrance of Allah under all conditions and at all times. From here we find out that the thing which our modern world takes as the criterion of reason and good sense is simply a deception. Catering to greed, some people take accumulation of money as their ideal of intelligence. There are others who love to equate human intelligence with scientific inventions and electronic applications and for them, these are the power. But, real good sense lies in the message brought by the prophets and Messengers of Allah Almighty, for they, proceeding through knowledge and wisdom and advancing from the low to the high in the chain of causation, skipped the intermediary stages. Granted that human beings moved from raw materials to machines and science gave them access to power through utilization of energy generated in many ways. But, higher intelligence demands that human beings take that real giant step farther ahead so that they can discover that the main agent of human accomplishment is certainly not the water or clay or iron or copper or some other material, not even the machines that generate power. This function was accomplished by none else but the One who created the fire, the water and the air through which human beings were enabled to control technology and energy: کارزلفِ تست مشک افشانی اما عاشقان مصلحت راتہمتے برآّھُوے چین بستہ اند Spreading the scent of musk is the function of Your tresses But, those who love You have, out of expediency, ascribed the credit to the Chinese deer! Let us understand this through the commonplace example of an ignorant dweller of some distant jungle who reaches a railway station and notices that such a huge railway train stops at the flash of a red flag while it starts moving at the flutter of a green one. Then, should he say that these red and green flags must have super power as they can stop and move such a powerful engine of the big train. Obviously, all sensible people would dismiss the ignoramus telling him that no power is vested in these flags. Instead, power rests with the person who is sitting in the engine room and stops or moves the train by watching these signals. But, someone smarter might reject the assumption that the engine driver had any instrinsic power to move or stop the train. His strength had nothing to do with it. He will go a step farther and attribute this power to the mechanical parts of the engine. But, a scientist would bypass cold mechanics of the engine and ascribe the real power to the steam which has been generated in the engine through heat and water. But, that is as far as the so-called scientific thinking goes. At this point, comes the thinking of the prophets, may peace be upon them, who would be telling these tyrants of their intellect: If the ignoramus who took the flags or the driver or the engine parts as the respository of power was in error, so are those who take sources of energy powerful by themselves - intellectually, they too are in error! The prophets would ask them to take yet another step forward so that they could lay their hands on the lost end of this tangled ball of string. May be, by doing so, they could have access to the final link of the great chain of caused things and there they could find the answer that the ultimate master of all power is none else but the One who created all forces which were harnessed to achieve human models of power. It is not difficult to deduce from what has been said here that those who get to know Allah and remember Him at all times and under all conditions are the only people who deserve to be called 'the wise'. It is for this reason that the Holy Qur'an has defined the 'People of Wisdom' as ... الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُ‌ونَ اللَّـهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ those who remember Allah standing and sitting, and (lying) on their sides.' It is on this basis that Muslim jurists have answered the case of a deceased person who, before his death, made a will that his property be given to the wise. As to who will be given this property, they have ruled that those who will deserve this are abstaining scholars who do not seek unnecessary material resources and are averse to the blind pursuit of the worldly, for they are the wise ones in the real sense. (al-Durr al-Mukhtar, Mitabul-Wasiyyah) Also worth attention at this point is the fact that the Shari` ah of Islam has not enjoined abundance in any other mode of worship except ذِکر Dhikr. But, about ذِکر Dhikr, the command is: وَاذْكُرُ‌وا اللَّـهَ كَثِيرً‌ا (Remember Allah remembering abundantly). The reason is that all modes of worship, other than ذِکر Dhikr, have some conditions and rules without observing which those acts of worship are not considered to have been duly performed. This is contrary to ذِکر Dhikr which can be performed at all times and under all conditions whether standing, sitting and lying with or without وضُو wudu. Perhaps, this verse is indicative of this element of wisdom. The second sign of the people of wisdom given in this verse is that they deliberate in the creation of the heavens and the earth: يَتَفَكَّرُ‌ونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْ‌ضِ And ponder on the creation of the heavens and the earth - 191. Here we need to determine the. meaning of this act of 'pondering' and the level at which it operates. The Arabic words, فِکر Fikr and تَفَکُّر Tafakkur, literally mean to ponder, to deliberate and think about something which is an effort to arrive at its reality. From this verse we find out that this act of pondering is also an act of worship and very much like the ذِکر Dhikr (Remembrance) of Allah. The difference is that the objective of ذِکر Dhikr is the remembrance of the Being and Attributes of Almighty Allah while the objective of فِکر Fikr and تَفَکُّر Tafakkur or thinking and deliberation relates to His creations. This is because the perception of the reality of the Divine Being and the Attributes is beyond human reason. Deliberation of this aspect results in nothing but wonder. The great poet, Rumi said: دور بینان بارگاہِ الست غیر ازیں پٔے نبردہ اند کہ ہست Expert watchers of the Court of the Being of the Covenant Found out nothing but that He is. In fact, this is an area of inquiry where excessive deliberation in the Being and Attributes of Almighty Allah could, at times, cause one's imperfect reason to stray into error. Therefore, the greatest among spiritual masters have emphatically advised: تَفَکروا فی اٰیاتِ اللہ ولا تتفَکروا فی اللہ Deliberate in the signs of Allah, but do not deliberate in Allah. It means that there are signs in what Allah has created. One should think about these signs. But, one should not deliberate into the very Being and Attributes of Almighty Allah for that is beyond one's reach. One can see everything in the light of the sun. But, should one wish to see the sun itself, his eyes would get dazzled. Who is Allah? What is He like? These are questions all wise thinkers and spiritual masters have answered by suggesting: نہ ہرجاۓ مرکب تواں تاختن کہ جاہا سیر باید انداختن You do not have to mount an assault on every field of inquiry For, there are places where you should simply surrender. However, thinking about creation inevitably leads one to realize the presence of its Creator. Look at the enormous expanse of the sky above us with the sun, the moon and the many planets and stars bound with the solar and lunar system under firm and predetermined laws working so well for thousands of years without being serviced or refurbished in some workshop. Then, there is this earth of ours, its rivers and mountains holding many marvels of creation, the trees, animals and hidden minerals, and the air that circulates in between the heavens and the earth and the rains that come and the electricity generated therein. This whole system so elaborately set up leads every sane person who is willing to think and understand that there is some special Being which is far ahead of everyone in power and control. This is what معارفت Ma'rifat is, the stage of knowing, realizing. So, this kind of deliberation which leads to the discovery of the Divine is an act of worship, a great one indeed. For this reason, Hadrat Hasan Basri (رح) said: تَفَکَّرُ ساعۃ خیر مِّن قیام لیلۃ (Ibn Kathir) which means: An hour spent in thinking about the signs of Allah is better and far more useful than a whole night standing in worship. Hadrat ` Umar ibn ` Abdul-` Aziz (رح) has characterized this deliberation as a superior act of worship (Ibn Kathir). Sayyidna Hasan ibn ` Amir ؓ said that he had heard from many noble Companions that deliberation is the light of faith. Hadrat Abu Sulayman al-Darani said: When I go out from my house, everything I cast my glance on makes me realize that it contains one or the other blessing of Allah for me and that in its presence I have a good source of learning my lesson (Ibn Kathir). So, the knowers of the secrets of the self have always maintained: Every blade of grass sprouting from the earth Says: He is One and in Him there is no partner. Hadrat Sufyan ibn ` Uyaynah has said: One who thinks a lot will under-stand reality, and who understands will arrive at sound knowledge, and who has sound knowledge is bound to act accordingly (Ibn Kathir). Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ said: A pious man saw an ascetic sitting at a spot with a graveyard on one of his sides and a garbage dump on the other. The passing pious man remarked - You have two treasure troves before you, one of them is the human treasure known as graveyard and the other is the treasure of wealth and property turned into refuse and filth. These two treasures are enough to learn your lesson (Ibn Kathir). Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ ، used to go out of the city into some wilderness with the express purpose of training and teaching his heart. When he reached there, he would ask the spot of land: Where are those who lived here? (ابن اھلک) ۔ After that he would answer his own question by saying: Everything must perish save the presence of His being (كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُ ) . (Ibn Kathir). This was how he summoned and preserved the remembrance of Afterlife in his heart. Hadrat Bashar al-Hafi said: If people pondered over the greatness of Almighty Allah, it would have become impossible for them to remain sinful and disobedient. Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) said: 0 you who were created weak, fear God wherever you are. Live in the world like a guest. Make prayer places your home. Let your eyes weep fearing God, let your body remain patient and let your heart keep reflecting. Used to this, worry not about tomorrow's bread. It is this kind of thoughtfulness and concern that these verses identify as the superior quality of wise people. Pondering over the creation of Almighty Allah, such people get to know their Creator and are personally convinced of the temporality of the physical world. This is a superb act of worship resplendent with the light of faith. Similarly, those who ` see and experience the signs of Almighty Allah yet get entangled with the superficial glamour of what has been created - as a result of which they fail to know their real master - is rank heedless-ness and very much juvenile. Sages have warned that whoever fails to learn a lesson from the universe before his eyes will find that the ability of his heart to realize the truth has corroded in proportion to his heedlessness. The eager protagonists of scientific progress all too engrossed in their breakthroughs fail to pay heed to their own ultimate fate. Consequently, the speed with which developments in scientific inquiry unfold the secrets of Allah's creation is also the speed at which they are receding farther away from reality and God. Commenting on the post-industrial revolution thinking, Akbar of Allahabad, poet, humourist, said: بھول کر بیٹھا ہے یورپ آسمانی باپ کو بس خدا سمجھا ہے اس نے برق کو اور بھاپ کو Europe has forgotten the Father in the Heaven For them, electricity and steam are as good as God. It is about such visionless people with the dead weight of education and culture on their backs, the Holy Qur'an says: وَكَأَيِّن مِّنْ آيَةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْ‌ضِ يَمُرُّ‌ونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِ‌ضُونَ ﴿105﴾ And there are so many signs in the heavens and the earth which these people pass by with faces turned askance paying no heed to them - 12:105 . Now, as we move to the last part of this verse (191), مَا خَلَقْتَ هَـٰذَا بَاطِلًا (Our Lord, You have not created all this in vain), we can clearly see that this is the outcome of pondering over the signs of Allah's power. It means that there is nothing purposeless in Allah's creation. On the contrary, there are thousands of wise considerations behind it. Things have been harnessed to serve human beings with man being the user of resources in the whole universe. This should make human beings see that the universe has been created for their benefit and in their interest. Likewise, every human being has been created to obey and worship Allah. This is his or her purpose of life. Further on, from verses 192 to 194, there appears a set of pleas and prayers from such people, people who realized that this universe is no exercise in futility and that is is brimming with open proofs of the great power and wisdom of its Creator. So, once they knew their Creator and Sustainer, they submitted before Him. 1. The first request they make is: فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ‌ Save us from the Fire. 2. The second request is: Save us from the disgrace of the Here-after for whoever is condemned to the Fire stands humiliated before the whole world. Some scholars have said that humiliation on the plains of Ressurection will be so disgraceful a punishment that one would wish to be cast into the (fire of) Hell but that the multitudes present on that fateful day do not get to hear about his or her misdeeds. 3. The third request is: We have heard the message given by the herald sent by You, that is, the message of the Messenger of Allah and we believed in him. So, forgive our major sins and expiate our shortcomings and misdeeds and give us death in the company of the righteous, that is, make us a part of their group.' These three requests were aimed at safety against punishment and pain and loss. The fourth request is about promised blessings, the blessings of Paradise promised through the noble prophets. This prayer for blessings is being made with the added request that there be no disgrace on the Day of Judgment. In other words, the request is to be excused from the torturous procedure of accounting (for all of one's deeds), disgrace (as a result of misdeeds) and then forgiveness (on account of Allah's mercy). The prayer is for outright forgiveness for Allah does not go back on His word. What is the purpose of this submission and re-submission? The purpose is to say: 0 Allah, enable us to become deserving, and a beneficiary of this promise (made by You), and enable us to remain steadfast so that we breath our last in this world with faith in our heart (ایمان) and busy doing what is good in Your sight ( عمل صالح).

(Our Lord!) they say: O our Lord. (Lo! we have heard a crier) they mean Muhammad (calling unto Faith) calling to Allah's divine Oneness: (�Believe ye in your Lord!� So we believed) in You, in Your Scripture as well as in Your Messenger. (Our Lord! Therefore forgive us our sins) our enormities, (and remit from us) overlook (our evil deeds) other than enormities, (and make us die the death of the righteous) take our souls to You in a state of faith and gather them with the souls of the prophets and the righteous.