Repentance is Accepted Until one Faces death
Allah states that He accepts repentance of the servant who commits an error in ignorance and then repents, even just before he sees the angel who captures the soul, before his soul reaches his throat. Mujahid and others said, "Every person who disobeys Allah by mistake, or intentionally is ignorant, until he refrains from the sin." Qatadah said that Abu Al-`Aliyah narrated that the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say, "Every sin that the servant commits, he commits out of ignorance." `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that, Ma`mar said that Qatadah said that, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ agreed that every sin that is committed by intention or otherwise, is committed in ignorance." Ibn Jurayj said, "Abdullah bin Kathir narrated to me that Mujahid said, `Every person who disobeys Allah (even willfully), is ignorant while committing the act of disobedience."' Ibn Jurayj said, "`Ata' bin Abi Rabah told me something similar." Abu Salih said that Ibn `Abbas commented, "It is because of one's ignorance that he commits the error." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said about the Ayah,
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ
(and repent soon (afterwards)), "Until just before he (or she) looks at the angel of death." Ad-Dahhak said, "Every thing before death is `soon afterwards."' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said about the Ayah,
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ
(and repent soon afterwards), "Just before his last breath leaves his throat." `Ikrimah said, "All of this life is `soon afterwards."' Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُ تَوْبَةَ الْعَبْدِمَالَمْ يُغَرْغِر»
(Allah accepts the repentance of the servant as long as the soul does not reach the throat.) This Hadith was also collected by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib". By mistake, Ibn Majah mentioned that this Hadith was narrated through `Abdullah bin `Amr. However, what is correct is that `Abdullah bin `Umar bin Al-Khattab was the narrator. Allah said,
فَأُوْلَـئِكَ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً
(It is they to whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) Surely, when hope in continued living diminishes, the angel of death comes forth and the soul reaches the throat, approaches the chest and arrives at the state where it is being gradually pulled out, then there is no accepted repentance, nor a way out of that certain end. Hence Allah's statements,
وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَـتِ حَتَّى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّى تُبْتُ الاٌّنَ
(And of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until death faces one of them and he says: "Now I repent,") and,
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْاْ بَأْسَنَا قَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ
(So when they saw Our punishment, they said: "We believe in Allah Alone...") 40:84 Allah decided that repentance shall not be accepted from the people of the earth when the sun rises from the west, as Allah said,
يَوْمَ يَأْتِى بَعْضُ ءَايَـتِ رَبِّكَ لاَ يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ ءَامَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِى إِيمَـنِهَا خَيْرًا
(The day that some of the signs of your Lord do come, no good will it do to a person to believe then, if he believed not before, nor earned good through his faith.) 6:158. oAllah said,
وَلاَ الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ
(nor of those who die while they are disbelievers.) Consequently, when the disbeliever dies while still a disbeliever and polytheist, his sorrow and repentance shall not avail him. If he were to ransom himself, even with the earth's fill of gold, it will not be accepted from him. Ibn `Abbas, Abu Al-`Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that the Ayah:
وَلاَ الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ
(nor of those who die while they are disbelievers), was revealed about the people of Shirk. Imam Ahmad recorded that Usamah bin Salman said that Abu Dharr said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُ تَوْبَةَ عَبْدِهِ أَوْ يَغْفِرُ لِعَبْدِهِ مَالَمْ يَقَعِ الْحِجَاب»
(Allah accepts the repentance of His servant, or forgives His servant, as long as the veil does not drop.) They asked, "And what does the drop of the veil mean " He said,
«أَنْ تَخْرُجَ النَّفْسُ وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَة»
(When the soul is removed while one is a polythiest.) Allah then said,
أُوْلَـئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً
(For them We have prepared a painful torment), torment that is severe, eternal and enormous.
Repentance is not for those who do evil deeds sins until when death approaches one of them and the pangs of death begin he says upon witnessing his predicament ‘Indeed now I repent’ for this would not avail him and would not be accepted from him; neither for those who die disbelieving if they repent in the Hereafter upon seeing the chastisement it will not be accepted from them. Those — We have prepared for them a painful chastisement.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: �Surely now I have turned.�In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him.Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers!Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972]Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, �O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?�He said, �Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!�He said, �David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.�From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return.*Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
وليس قَبول التوبة للذين يُصِرُّون على ارتكاب المعاصي، ولا يرجعون إلى ربهم إلى أن تأتيهم سكرات الموت، فيقول أحدهم: إني تبت الآن، كما لا تُقبل توبة الذين يموتون وهم جاحدون، منكرون لوحدانية الله ورسالة رسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. أولئك المصرُّون على المعاصي إلى أن ماتوا، والجاحدون الذين يموتون وهم كفار، أعتدنا لهم عذابًا موجعًا.
ولهذا قال "وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إنى تبت الآن" وهذا كما قال تعالى "فلما رأوا بأسنا قالوا آمنا بالله وحده" الآيتين ; وكما حكم تعالى بعدم توبة أهل الأرض إذا عاينوا الشمس طالعة من مغربها في قوله تعالى "يوم يأتي بعض آيات ربك لا ينفع نفسا إيمانها لم تكن آمنت من قبل أو كسبت في إيمانها خيرا" الآية. وقوله "ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار" يعني أن الكافر إذا مات على كفره وشركه لا ينفعه ندمه ولا توبته ولا يقبل منه فدية ولو بملء الأرض. قال ابن عباس وأبو العالية والربيع بن أنس "ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار" قالوا نزلت في أهل الشرك وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا سليمان بن داود قال حدثنا عبدالرحمن بن ثابت بن ثوبان حدثني أبي عن مكحول أن عمر بن نعيم حدثه أن أبا ذر حدثهم أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " إن الله يقبل توبة عبده -أو يغفر لعبده- ما لم يقع الحجاب " قيل وما وقوع الحجاب ؟ قال " تخرج النفس وهي مشركة " ولهذا قال الله تعالى "أولئك أعتدنا لهم عذابا أليما" أي موجعا شديدا مقيما.
ثم بين - سبحانه - من لا تقبل توبتهم بعد بيانه لمن تقبل توبتهم فقال : ( وَلَيْسَتِ التوبة لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السيئات حتى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الموت قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الآن وَلاَ الذين يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ) .أى : وليست التوبة مقبولة عند الله بالنسبة للذين يعملون السيئات ، ويقترفون المعاصى ، ويستمرون على ذلك ( حتى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الموت ) .بأن شاهد الأحوال التى لا يمكن معها الرجوع إلى الدنيا ، وانقطع منه حبل الرجاء فى الحياة ( قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الآن ) أى قال فى هذا الوقت الذى الفائدة من التوبة فيه : إنى تبت الآن .وقوله : ( وَلاَ الذين يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ) أى وليست التوبة مقبولة أيضا من الذين يموتون وهم على غير دين الإِسلام .فالآية الكريمة قد نفت قبول التوبة من فريقين من الناس .أولهما : الذين يرتكبون السيئات صغيرها وكبيرها ، ويستمرون على ذلك بدون توبة أو ندم حتى إذا حضرهم الموت ، ورأوا أهواله ، قال قائلهم : إنى تبت الآن وقد كرر القرآن هذا المعنى فى كثير من آياته ، ومن ذلك قوله - تعالى - : ( فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْاْ بَأْسَنَا ) وقوله - تعالى - حكاية عن فرعون ( حتى إِذَآ أَدْرَكَهُ الغرق قَالَ آمَنتُ أَنَّهُ لا إله إِلاَّ الذي آمَنَتْ بِهِ بنوا إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَنَاْ مِنَ المسلمين آلآنَ وَقَدْ عَصَيْتَ قَبْلُ وَكُنتَ مِنَ المفسدين فاليوم نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ لِتَكُونَ لِمَنْ خَلْفَكَ آيَةً ) وعدم قبول توبة هؤلاء فى هذا الوقت سببه أنهم نطقوا بها فى حالة الاضطرار لا فى حالة الاختيار ، ولأنهم نطقوا بها فى غير وقت التكليف .وثانيهما : الذين يموتون وهم على غير دين الإِسلام ، فقد أخرج الامام أحمد عن أبى ذر الغفارى أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " إن يقبل توبة عبده ما لم يقع الحجاب . قيل : وما الحجاب؟ قال أن تموت النفس وهى مشركة " .وكثير من العلماء يرى أن المراد بالفريق الثانى : الكفار ، لأن العطف يقتضى المغيرة .ومنهم من يرى أن الفريق الأول شامل للكفار ولعصاة المؤمنين فيكون عطف قوله ( وَلاَ الذين يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ) من باب عطف الخاص على العام لإفادة التأكيد .و ( حتى ) فى قوله ( حتى إِذَا حَضَرَ ) حرف ابتداء . . والجملة الشرطية بعدها غاية لما قبلها . أي ليست التوبة لقوم يعملون السيئات ويستمرون على ذلك فإذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال كيت وكيت .وقوله ( وَلاَ الذين يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ) معطوف على الموصول قبله . أى ليس قبول التوبة هؤلاء الذين يعملون السيئات . . . ولا لهؤلاء الذين يموتون وهم كفار .ثم بين - سبحانه - سوء عاقبتهم فقال - تعالى - : ( أولئك أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ) أى أولئك الذين تابوا فى غير وقت قبول التوبة هيأنا لهم عذابا مؤلما موجعا بسبب ارتكاسهم فى المعاصى؛ وابتعادهم عن الصراط المستقيم الذى يرضاه - سبحانه - لعباده .
القول في تأويل قوله: وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ حَتَّى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الآنَقال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات من أهل الإصرار على معاصي الله =" حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت "، يقول: إذا حشرج أحدهم بنفسه، وعاين ملائكة ربه قد أقبلوا إليه لقبض روحه، قال = وقد غُلب على نفسه، وحيل بينه وبين فهمه، بشغله بكرب حشرجته وغرغرته = &; 8-99 &; " إني تبت الآن "، يقول: فليس لهذا عند الله تبارك وتعالى توبة، لأنه قال ما قال في غير حال توبة، كما:-8860 - حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا الثوري، عن يَعْلَى بن نعمان قال، أخبرني من سمع ابن عمر يقول: التوبة مبسوطة ما لم يَسُقْ، ثم قرأ ابن عمر: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموتُ قال إنّي تبت الآن "، ثم قال: وهل الحضور إلا السَّوق. (50)8861 - حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إني تبت الآن " قال: إذا تبيَّن الموتُ فيه لم يقبل الله له توبة.8863 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا محمد بن فضيل، عن أبي النضر، عن أبي صالح، عن ابن عباس: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إنّي تبت الآن "، فليس لهذا عند الله توبة.8863 - حدثنا محمد بن المثنى قال، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر قال، حدثنا شعبة قال، سمعت إبراهيم بن ميمون يحدِّث، عن رجل من بني الحارث قال، حدثنا رجل منا، عن عبد الله بن عمرو أنه قال: من تاب قبل موته بعام تِيبَ عليه، حتى ذكر شهرًا، حتى ذكر ساعة، حتى ذكر فُواقًا. قال: فقال رجل: كيف يكون هذا والله تعالى يقول: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى &; 8-100 &; إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إنَّي تبت الآن "؟ فقال عبد الله: أنا أحدثك ما سمعت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. (51)8864 - حدثنا ابن وكيع قال، حدثنا أبي، عن سفيان، عن إبراهيم بن مهاجر، عن إبراهيم قال: كان يقال: التوبة، مبسوطة ما لم يُؤخذ بكَظَمِه. (52)* * *واختلف أهل التأويل فيمن عُني بقوله: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إني تبت الآن "فقال بعضهم: عُني به أهل النفاق.ذكر من قال ذلك:8865 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع: إِنَّمَا التَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ ، قال: نـزلت الأولى في المؤمنين، ونـزلت الوسطى في المنافقين = يعني: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات "، والأخرى في الكفار يعني: وَلا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ .* * *وقال آخرون: بل عُني بذلك أهل الإسلام.ذكر من قال ذلك:8866 - حدثنا المثنى قال، حدثنا سويد بن نصر قال، أخبرنا ابن المبارك، عن سفيان، قال: بلغنا في هذه الآية: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إني تبت الآن " قال: هم المسلمون، ألا ترى أنه قال: وَلا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ؟* * *وقال آخرون: بل هذه الآية كانت نـزلت في أهل الإيمان، غير أنها نسخت.ذكر من قال ذلك:8867 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح قال، حدثني معاوية بن صالح، عن علي بن أبي طلحة، عن ابن عباس قوله: " وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت قال إني تبت الآن ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار " فأنـزل الله تبارك وتعالى بعد ذلك: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ [سورة النساء: 48 ، 116]، فحرّم الله تعالى المغفرة على من مات وهو كافر، وأرجأ أهل التوحيد إلى مشيئته، فلم يؤيسهم من المغفرة. (53)* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى الأقوال في ذلك عندي بالصواب، ما ذكره الثوري أنه بلغه أنه في الإسلام. (54) وذلك أن المنافقين كفار، فلو كان معنيًّا به أهل النفاق لم يكن لقوله: وَلا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ معنًى مفهوم، إذْ كانوا والذين قبلهم في معنى واحد: من أن جميعهم كفار. ولا وجه لتفريق أحكامهم، والمعنى الذي من أجله بطل أن تكون [لهم] توبة، (55) واحدٌ. وفي تفرقة الله جل ثناؤه بين أسمائهم وصفاتهم، بأن سمَّى أحد الصنفين كافرًا، ووصف الصنف الآخر بأنهم أهل سيئات، ولم يسمهم كفارًا = ما دل على افتراق معانيهم. وفي صحة كون ذلك كذلك، صحةُ ما قلنا وفسادُ ما خالفه.* * *القول في تأويل قوله : وَلا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا (18)قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: ولا التوبة للذين يموتون وهم كفار = فموضع " الذين " خفض، لأنه معطوف على قوله: لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ . (56)وقوله: " أولئك أعتدنا لهم عذابًا أليما "، يقول: هؤلاء الذين يموتون وهم كفار =" أعتدنا لهم عذابًا أليما "، لأنهم من التوبة أبعد، لموتهم على الكفر. (57) كما:-8868 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا محمد بن فضيل، عن أبي النضر، عن أبي صالح، عن ابن عباس: " ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار "، أولئك أبعدُ من التوبة.* * *واختلف أهل العربية في معنى: " أعتدنا لهم ".فقال بعض البصريين: معنى " أعتدنا "،" أفعلنا " من " العَتَاد ". قال: ومعناها: أعددنا. (58)* * *وقال بعض الكوفيين: " أعددنا " و " أعتدنا "، معناهما واحد.* * *فمعنى قوله: " أعتدنا لهم "، أعددنا لهم =" عذابًا أليما "، يقول: مؤلمًا موجعًا. (59)------------------الهوامش :(50) الأثر: 8860 -"يعلى بن نعمان" كوفي ثقة. مترجم في الكبير 4 / 2 / 418 ، وابن أبي حاتم 4 / 2 / 304 ، وتعجيل المنفعة: 457 ، روى عن عكرمة ، وبلال بن أبي الدرداء. روى عنه العلاء بن المسيب ، والثوري ، والزهري.وهذا الأثر خرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 2: 131 ونسبه أيضًا لعبد الرزاق ، وابن المنذر ، وابن أبي حاتم ، والبيهقي.و"ساق الميت يسوق" و"ساق بنفسه" ، و"ساق نفسه" ، "سوقًا وسياقًا وسووقًا" ، و"حضرت فلانًا في السوق ، وفي السياق الموت": وذلك النزع عند إقبال الموت.(51) الأثر: 8863 - أخرجه الإمام أحمد في مسنده رقم: 6920 ، وأبو داود الطيالسي: 301 ، قال أخي السيد أحمد في شرح المسند: "إسناده ضعيف ، لإبهام الرجل من بني الحارث ، راويه عن التابعي" ، وقد استوفى الكلام في تخريجه هناك.وقوله: "حتى ذكر فواقًا" ، أي: فواق ناقة. وهذا مما يريدون به الزمن القليل القصير ، وأصل"الفواق" (بضم الفاء وفتح الواو) هو الوقت بين الحلبتين ، إذا فتحت يدك وقبضتها ثم أرسلتها عند الحلب.(52) "الكظم" (بفتحتين) وجمعه"كظام" (بكسر الكاف) و"أكظام" ، وهو مخرج النفس عند الحلق. يريد: عند خروج نفسه ، وانقطاع نفسه. ومنه قليل: "كظم غيظه" ، أي رده وحبسه ، و"رجل كظوم" ، شديد الكتمان لما يعتلج في نفسه.وكان في المخطوطة: "ما أخذ بكظمه" وهو خطأ من الناسخ ، وقد رواه ابن الأثير ، وخرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 2: 131 ، ونسبه لابن جرير وابن المنذر ، باللفظ الذي أثبته ناشر المطبوعة الأولى ، وهو الصواب المحض إن شاء الله.(53) الأثر: 8867 - خرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 2: 131 ، ونسبه أيضًا لأبي داود في ناسخه ، وابن المنذر ، وابن أبي حاتم.(54) يعني الأثر رقم: 8866 ، فيما سلف.(55) في المخطوطة بعد قوله: "معنى مفهوم" ما نصه: "لأنهم إن كانوا الذين قبلهم في معنى واحد ، من أن جميعهم كفار. ولا وجه لتفريق أحكامهم والمعنى الذي من أجله بطل أن تكون توبة واحد" ، وهي عبارة مضطربة أشد الاضطراب ، إلا أن الناسخ ضرب بقلم خفيف على لام"لأنهم" ، فتبين لي أن الذي بعدها"إذ كانوا الذين قبلهم" ، وسقطت الواو من الناسخ الساهي عن كتابته. وسها أيضًا فأسقط"لهم" التي وضعتها بين القوسين. فاستقام الكلام كالذي كتبت.أما ناشر المطبوعة الأولى فقد أساء غاية الإساءة ، فجعل الجملة هكذا: "لأنهم إن كانوا هم والذين قبلهم في معنى واحد: من أن جميعهم كفار. فلا وجه لتفريق أحد منهم في المعنى الذي من أجله بطل أن تكون توبة واحد مقبولة" فلم ينتبه لما ضرب عليه الناسخ في"لأنهم" وزاد في"كانوا الذين قبلهم" فجعلها"كانوا هم والذين قبلهم". ثم جعل"ولا جه" ، "فلا وجه" وجعل"أحكامهم" ، "أحد منهم" ثم جعل"والمعنى""في المعنى" وزاد"مقبولة" من عنده في آخر الكلام ، فأفسد الكلام إفسادًا آخر. ورحم الله أبا جعفر ، وغفر لناسخ كتابه ، والحمد لله الذي هدى إلى الصواب.(56) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1: 259.(57) وهذا أيضًا عبث آخر من ناشر المطبوعة الأولى ، لم يحسن قراءة المخطوطة ، لأنها غير منقوطة فقلب هذه الجملة قلبًا أهدر معناها ، واستأصل المعنى الذي أراده أبو جعفر ، فكتب: "لأنهم أبعدهم من التوبة كونهم على الكفر" ظن"لمونهم" كما كتبها الناسخ ، "كونهم" ، فعبث بالكلام عبثًا لا يرتضيه أحد من أهل العلم. وانظر نص الكلام في الأثر الذي يليه.(58) هذا البصري ، هو أبو عبيدة في مجاز القرآن 1: 120.(59) انظر تفسير"أليم" ، فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة.
( وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات ) يعني : المعاصي ( حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت ) ووقع في النزع ، ( قال إني تبت الآن ) وهي حالة السوق حين تساق روحه ، لا يقبل من كافر إيمان ولا من عاص توبة ، قال الله تعالى : " فلم يك ينفعهم إيمانهم لما رأوا بأسنا " ( غافر - 85 ) ، ولذلك لم ينفع إيمان فرعون حين أدركه الغرق . ( ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار أولئك أعتدنا ) أي : هيأنا وأعددنا ، ( لهم عذابا أليما )
وقوله : { وليست التوبة } إلخ تنبيه على نفي القبول عن نوع من التوبة وهي التي تكون عند اليأس من الحياة لأنّ المقصد من العزم ترتُّب آثاره عليه وصلاح الحل في هذه الدار بالاستقامة الشرعية ، فإذا وقع اليأس من الحياة ذهبت فائدة التوبة .وقوله : { ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار } عطف الكفّار على العصاة في شرط قبول التوبة منهم لأنّ إيمان الكافر توبة من كفره ، والإيمان أشرف أنواع التوبة ، فبيَّن أنّ الكافر إذا مات كافراً لا تقبل توبته من الكفر .وللعلماء في تأويله قولان : أحدهما الأخذ بظاهره وهو أن لا يحول بين الكافر وبين قبول توبته من الكفر بالإيمان إلا حصول الموت ، وتأوّلوا معنى { وليست التوبة } له بأنّ المراد بها ندمُهُ يوم القيامة إذا مات كافراً ، ويؤخذ منه أنّه إذا آمن قبل أن يموت قُبل إيمانه ، وهو الظاهر ، فقد ثبت في «الصحيح» : أنّ أبا طالب لمّا حضرته الوفاة دخل عليه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وعندَه أبو جهل ، وعبد الله بن أبي أمية فقال : أي عمّ قل لا إله إلا الله كلمة أحَاجّ لك بها عند الله . فقال أبو جهل وعبد الله : أترغب عن ملّة عبد المطلب . فكان آخر ما قال أبو طالب أنّه على ملّة عبد المطلب ، فقال النبي : لأستغفرنّ لك ما لم أنْهَ عنك . فنزلت { ما كان للنبيء والذين آمنوا أن يستغفروا للمشركين ولو كانوا أولى قربى من بعد ما تبيّن لهم أنّهم أصحاب الجحيم } [ التوبة : 113 ] ويؤذن به عطف { ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار } بالمغايرة بين قوله : { حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت } الآية وقوله : { ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار } .وعليه فوجه مخالفة توبته لتوبة المؤمن العاصي أنّ الإيمان عمل قلبي ، ونطق لساني ، وقد حصل من الكافر التائب وهو حي ، فدخل في جماعة المسلمين وتقوّى به جانبهم وفشت بإيمانه سمعة الإسلام بين أهل الكفر .وثانيهما : أنّ الكافر والعاصي من المؤمنين سواء في عدم قبول التوبة ممّا هما عليه ، إذا حضرهما الموت . وتأوّلوا قوله : { يموتون وهم كفار } بأنّ معناه يُشرفون على الموت على أسلوب قوله { وليخش الذين لو تركوا من خلفهم ذرية ضعافا } [ النساء : 9 ] أي لو أشرفوا على أن يتركوا ذرّيّة . والدّاعي إلى التأويل نظم الكلام لأنّ ( لا ) عاطفة على معمول لخبر التوبة المنفية ، فيصير المعنى : وليست التوبة للذين يموتون وهم كفّار فيتوبون ، ولا تعقل توبة بعد الموت فتعيّن تأويل ( يموتون ) بمعنى يشرفون كقوله { والذين يتوفون منكم ويذرون أزواجاً وصية لأزواجهم } [ البقرة : 240 ] ، واحتجّوا بقوله تعالى في حقّ فرعون { حتى إذا أدركه الغرق قال آمنت أنه لا إله إلا الذي آمنت به بنو إسرائيل وأنا من المسلمين آلآن وقد عصيت قبل وكنت من المفسدين } [ يونس : 90 ، 91 ] المفيد أنّ الله لم يقبل إيمانه ساعتئذ . وقد يجاب عن هذا الاستدلال بأنّ ذلك شأن الله في الذين نزل بهم العذاب أنّه لا ينفعهم الإيمان بعد نزول العذاب إلاّ قوم يونس قال تعالى : { فلولا كانت قرية آمنت فنفعها إيمانها إلا قوم يونس لما آمنوا كشفنا عنهم عذاب الخزي في الحياة الدنيا ومتعناهم إلى حين } [ يونس : 98 ] فالغرق عذاب عذّب الله به فرعون وجنده .قال ابن الفرس ، في أحكام القرآن : وإذا صحّت توبة العبد فإن كانت عن الكفر قطعنا بقبولها ، وإن كانت عن سواه من المعاصي؛ فمن العلماء من يقطع بقبولها ، ومنهم من لم يقطع ويظنّه ظنّا اه .
توبة الله على عباده نوعان: توفيق منه للتوبة، وقبول لها بعد وجودها من العبد، فأخبر هنا -أن التوبة المستحقة على الله حق أحقه على نفسه، كرما منه وجودا، لمن عمل السوء أي: المعاصي { بِجَهَالَةٍ } أي: جهالة منه بعاقبتها وإيجابها لسخط الله وعقابه، وجهل منه بنظر الله ومراقبته له، وجهل منه بما تئول إليه من نقص الإيمان أو إعدامه، فكل عاص لله، فهو جاهل بهذا الاعتبار وإن كان عالما بالتحريم. بل العلم بالتحريم شرط لكونها معصية معاقبا عليها { ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ } يحتمل أن يكون المعنى: ثم يتوبون قبل معاينة الموت، فإن الله يقبل توبة العبد إذا تاب قبل معاينة الموت والعذاب قطعا. وأما بعد حضور الموت فلا يُقبل من العاصين توبة ولا من الكفار رجوع، كما قال تعالى عن فرعون: { حَتَّى إِذَا أَدْرَكَهُ الْغَرَقُ قَالَ آمَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الَّذِي آمَنَتْ بِهِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ } الآية. وقال تعالى: { فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَكَفَرْنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشْرِكِينَ فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ } وقال هنا: { وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ } أي: المعاصي فيما دون الكفر. { حَتَّى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الْآنَ وَلَا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا } وذلك أن التوبة في هذه الحال توبة اضطرار لا تنفع صاحبها، إنما تنفع توبة الاختيار. ويحتمل أن يكون معنى قوله: { مِنْ قَرِيبٍ } أي: قريب من فعلهم للذنب الموجب للتوبة، فيكون المعنى: أن من بادر إلى الإقلاع من حين صدور الذنب وأناب إلى الله وندم عليه فإن الله يتوب عليه، بخلاف من استمر على ذنوبه وأصر على عيوبه، حتى صارت فيه صفاتٍ راسخةً فإنه يعسر عليه إيجاد التوبة التامة. والغالب أنه لا يوفق للتوبة ولا ييسر لأسبابها، كالذي يعمل السوء على علم تام ويقين وتهاون بنظر الله إليه، فإنه سد على نفسه باب الرحمة. نعم قد يوفق الله عبده المصر على الذنوب عن عمد ويقين لتوبة تامة [التي] يمحو بها ما سلف من سيئاته وما تقدم من جناياته، ولكن الرحمة والتوفيق للأول أقرب، ولهذا ختم الآية الأولى بقوله: { وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا } فمِن علمه أنه يعلم صادق التوبة وكاذبها فيجازي كلا منهما بحسب ما يستحق بحكمته، ومن حكمته أن يوفق من اقتضت حكمته ورحمته توفيقَه للتوبة، ويخذل من اقتضت حكمته وعدله عدمَ توفيقه. والله أعلم.
قوله تعالى : وليست التوبة نفى سبحانه أن يدخل في حكم التائبين من حضره الموت وصار في حين اليأس ؛ كما كان فرعون حين صار في غمرة الماء والغرق فلم ينفعه ما أظهر من الإيمان ؛ لأن التوبة في ذلك الوقت لا تنفع ، لأنها حال زوال التكليف . وبهذا قال ابن عباس وابن زيد وجمهور المفسرين . وأما الكفار يموتون على كفرهم فلا توبة لهم في الآخرة ، وإليهم الإشارة بقوله تعالى : أولئك أعتدنا لهم عذابا أليما وهو الخلود . وإن كانت الإشارة بقوله إلى الجميع فهو في جهة العصاة عذاب لا خلود معه ؛ وهذا على أن السيئات ما دون الكفر ؛ أي ليست التوبة لمن عمل دون الكفر من السيئات ثم تاب عند الموت ، ولا لمن مات كافرا فتاب يوم القيامة . وقد قيل : إن السيئات هنا الكفر ، فيكون المعنى وليست التوبة للكفار الذين يتوبون عند الموت ، ولا للذين يموتون وهم كفار . وقال أبو العالية : [ ص: 83 ] نزل أول الآية في المؤمنين إنما التوبة على الله . والثانية في المنافقين . وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات يعني قبول التوبة للذين أصروا على فعلهم . حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموت يعني الشرق والنزع ومعاينة ملك الموت . قال إني تبت الآن فليس لهذا توبة . ثم ذكر توبة الكفار فقال تعالى : ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار أولئك أعتدنا لهم عذابا أليما أي وجيعا دائما . وقد تقدم .
Repentance does not mean simply uttering certain words like, ‘I repent’ or ‘tawbah’. It should not be mere lip service. It means the intense realization of one’s wrongdoing. If a sinner sincerely repents the error of his ways, he experiences an agonizing condition at par with self-punishment. God will surely pardon one who thus repents due to His intense fear. However, He does not accept the repentance of those who daringly and insensitively and knowingly continue to disobey and transgress, paying no heed to any warning and saying ‘I repent’ only when death is staring them in the face. Nor does the repentance of those who admit their sins only after witnessing the horrors of the Hereafter have any meaning for the Almighty. The essence of contrition is that the wrongdoer should turn to his Lord, so that the Lord also turns to him. Repentance (tawbah) is for one who commits a wrongful act under the influence of a momentary emotion or passion, but who is soon made by his conscience to realize his fault; who renounces evil ways and returns to righteousness, reforming his life according to the divine law. This shows genuine penitence. One who thus repents is like the man who, after straying away, returns to his home.
Repentance was mentioned in the previous verse. Now, given in the present two verses are conditions under which repentance is or is not accepted.
Commentary
Repentance from a deliberate sin
At this point, it should be noted that the Holy Qur'an has used the words "in ignorance" which apparently gives an impression that the repentance may be accepted when a sin is committed unintentionally and unknowingly. But if it is committed deliberately, it will not be acceptable. However, according to the explanation of this verse given by the noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, the word, جھالہ 'jahalah" (ignorance) here does not mean that a sinning person is not aware of a sin as sin, or has no intention or volition to commit a sin. Instead, it means that it was the insensitivity and heedlessness of a person towards the evil end of sin and its ultimate punishment which became the cause of his audacity to venture into sin, even though he knew a sin as sin, and had approached it with intention and volition as well.
In other words, the word, 'jahalah" or ignorance used here is in the sense of carelessness or stupidity. This is supported by an evidence in Surah Yusuf. Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) (Joseph) had said to his brothers: هَلْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَاهِلُونَ ﴿89﴾. Here the brothers have been called, ' jahilun", the ignorant ones, although what they did was not the outcome of any error or forgetfulness but they had done that knowingly and with full deliberation. Yet, it is because of their heedlessness towards the evil end of their act that they have been called 'jahil" (ignorant).
Abu al-` Aliyah and Qatadah ؓ report that the noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, agreed that کل ذنب اصابہ عبد فھو جھالۃ عمداً کان أو غیرہ ، that is, 'any sin committed by a servant of Allah is, anyway, an act of ignorance, be it deliberate or otherwise.'
The master of exegesis, Mujahid said: کل عامل بمعصیۃ اللہ فھو جاھل حین عملھا "Everyone who is doing anything in disobedience to Allah is, for that matter, ignorant while doing it," even though, on the outside, he may appear to be a person of great learning. (Ibn Kathir)
In his Tafsir, al-Bahr al-Muhit, Abu Hayyan has said: This is just like what has been reported in a hadith لا یزنی الزانی وھو مؤمن ، that is, 'a person who commits zina (adultery) will not be doing so while in a state of being a true Muslim.' It means that the time when he succumbed to the temptation of this evil act, that was the time when he was flung far off from the demand of his faith. For this reason, Sayyidna ` Ikrimah ؓ said : امور الدنیا کلّھا جھالۃ that is, 'everything one does in this mortal world - outside the framework of obedience to Allah - is ignorance.' The logic is very obvious since the person disobeying Allah is preferring short-lived pleasures over those everlasting; and, anyone who takes the punishment which will last forever and ever in exchange for this short-lived series of pleasures cannot be called rational, sensible or smart. Such a person would be universally termed as ignorant, even if he knows the evil of his act and has all the intention and resolve to go ahead with it.
The gist of the discussion so far is that the sin that a man commits, deliberately or mistakenly, gets committed due to nothing but jihalat' or ignorance. Therefore, there is a consensus of the entire Muslim ummah on the principle that the repentance of a person who commits some sin deliberately can also be accepted. (al-Bahr a1-Muhit)
Incidentally, there is another point worth attention in the present verse which prescribes a condition for the acceptance of repentance - that one should repent soon without delaying it. The Qur'anic words are: "Shortly thereafter". At does "shortly" signify and how much time will come within the limit of "shortly"? The Holy ﷺ has himself explained this in a hadith in the following words: اِن اللہ یقبَلُ توبۃَ العبد مالم یغَرُغِرُ . The hadith means that Allah Almighty accepts the repentance of His servant until the time he passes into the throes of death and his soul struggles to get out of his rattling throat.
Muhaddith Ibn Marduwayh has narrated from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ that he heard the Holy Prophet ﷺ saying: 'A believing servant of Allah who repents from his sin a month before his death, or repents a day or a moment earlier, Allah Almighty shall accept his repentance, the condition being that the repentance should be genuine and sincere. (Ibn Kathir)
In short, the explanation of "min qarib" (shortly thereafter), given by the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself tells us that virtually man's whole life-time comes under "qarib" and, as such, any repentance which is offered well-before death shall be acceptable. However, the repentance made by man while in throes of death is not acceptable.
Maulana Ashraf Thanavi (رح) in his Tafsir Bayan al-Qur'an, has elaborated the subject by saying that man faces two conditions when close to death. Firstly, there is the condition of utter hopelessness when all medicines and efforts fail and man comes to realize that death is round the corner. This is known as the state of بأس i.e., conscious suffering. The second condition relates to what comes after, that is, when the pangs of the departure of human soul begin and the fated time of ghargharah (the onomatopoetic rattling sound emerging from the throat, a herald of approaching death) comes close. This is known as the state of بأس i.e., total despair. The first condition, that is, the condition of conscious suffering comes within the sense of مِن قرِیب "min qari'b" and the repentance made at that time is accepted; but, the repentance in the second condition, that is, the condition of total despair, is not acceptable, for this is a condition when the angels and things belonging to the Hereafter may start appearing before the dying person, and they are not included in the sense of "min qarib".
This explanation given by the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been pointed out by the Holy Qur'an itself in the following verse (i.e. verse 18) where it is expressly mentioned that repenting, after the sure signs of death are visible, is not accepted.
So, in the light of this explanation the addition of "min qarib " (shortly thereafter) in this verse serves to indicate that the very life-span of man is limited in time, and death, which he may think is far away, may actually be quite near.
“ Relenting taken by Allah upon Himself” is a form of promise the fulfillment of which is certain. Otherwise the truth is that Allah Almighty does not necessarily owe anything to anyone.
The second verse (18) describes those whose repentance is not acceptable with Allah, those who fearlessly go on committing sins throughout their entire lives yet, when death stands on their head and the withdrawal of their soul is set in motion and the angels of death start becoming visible, they start offering repentance. How could their repentance become acceptable when they kept running wild with their lives and wasted all opportunities of repenting while there was still time to repent. This is very much like Pharaoh and his people who called out while drowning that they were ready to believe in the Lord of Musa (Moses) and Ha-run (Aaron) ہارون (علیہ السلام) . Naturally, they were told that their declaration of faith at that time was of no consequence, because the time set for it was all over.
The same thing has been pointed out in the last sentence of the verse which says that Allah also does not accept the repentance of those who die while they are still disbelievers. What is the worth of a declaration of faith right in the middle of one's match with death facing the pangs of the withdrawal of they soul from the body? This confession or this declaration of faith is out of tune with the time and quite worthless now as their punishment stands prepared for them.
What is repentance?
After the literal explanation of these two verses, it seems necessary to define Taubah or repentance and determine its real nature and status. In his اَحیا العلوم 'Ihya' al-` Ulum, Imam al-Ghazali (رح) has identified three different situations with regard to committing sins:
The first state is that of total sinlessness, that is, no sin has ever been committed. This is either the hallmark of angels or that of the prophets, may peace be on them. The second stage of getting involved in sin comes when one takes the initiative and ventures into sin and then repeats and persists with it, never feeling ashamed or regretful and never thinking of stopping and abandoning it. This is the degree of the satans and the devils. The third station belongs to human beings, the children of Adam who, immediately after having committed a sin, regret it and resolve firmly not to go near it in future.
This tells us that failing to repent after committing a sin is the style of devils exclusively. Therefore, it is the consensus of the entire Muslim ummah that Taubah is obligatory. The Holy Qur'an says:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّـهِ تَوْبَةً نَّصُوحًا عَسَىٰ رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُكَفِّرَ عَنكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيُدْخِلَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ
(0 those who believe, repent before Allah, a sincere repentance; may be your Lord removes from you your sins and admits you to gardens beneath which rivers flow.) (66:8)
How generous is the mercy of our Lord! A man spends a whole life-time in disobeying Him. Nevertheless, when he repents sincerely before his death, not only his sins are forgiven, but he receives much more when he is admitted into the circle of favoured servants of Allah and made an inheritor of Paradise.
In a hadith, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said: التَّایٔب حبیب اللہ والتایٔب منَ الذَنّبِ کمن لاذنبَ لَہ that is, 'one who repents from sin is loved by Allah and one who has repented from sin is like one who had never committed a sin.' (Ibn Majah)
According to some narrations, if a servant of Allah repents from a sin and his repentance finds acceptance with Him, he is not only absolved from having to account for it, but the very record in writing posted by the angels is erased out from his book of deeds so that he may not be disgraced either.
However, what is necessary is that the repentance is genuine and is offered in sincerity. This repentance stands on three pillars. Firstly, one should regret over and feel ashamed about what he or she has done. According to hadith, اِنَّما التَّوبۃُ النِّدم that is, 'Taubah is (another name of) remorse'. Secondly, one should immediately leave off the sin he has committed and he should, for the future too, firmly resolve to stay away from it. Thirdly, one should think of making amends for what has gone by, that is, he should try to take measures to rectify what has happened in sin to the best of his ability. For example, if he has missed a prayer or a fast, he should make up for it by doing what is known as qada (compensatory worship). If one does not remember the correct number of such missed prayers and fasts, he should think, calculate and come to an-estimated number and then go on to offer qada for these in all seriousness. If one finds it impossible to do so all at one time, he could offer, with each salah due at its time, one qada of each salah he missed throughout his life, which is commonly known as ` umri gada. In the same way, one should do his best to make up, as and when convenient, for obligatory fasts he missed by offering qada fasts. May be one has not paid the obligatory zakah due on him; he should, then pay the zakah due on him for previous years as well, paying it all or paying it gradually. God forbid, if one has usurped someone's right, he should return it back to him and if he has hurt someone, he should seek his forgiveness. But, should it be that one does not regret what he has done, or, despite being regretful, he does not leave off that sin for future, then, this repentance is no repentance even though it may be said a thousand times, as so delightfully put in verse by a Persian poet:
توبہ بر لب سبحہ برکف دل پُر از ذوق گناہ
معصیت را خندہ می آید از استغفارِ ما
Repentance on the lips, rosary in hand and a heart full of the taste of sin, Sin laughs at my style of seeking forgiveness!
The point being made here is that man, once he repents as stated earlier, and despite having been in all sorts of sins, becomes a servant dear to Allah. And should it ever be that, out of human weakness, one does fall into sin yet another time, he should immediately renew his repentance in the fond hope that this time, like every other time, Allah Almighty shall, being Most-Forgiving, relent towards him. Let me conclude with yet another Persian couplet which says:
ایں درگہ ما درگہِ نومیدی نیست
صد بار اگر توبۃ شکستی بازآ
This is the Court of My Presence, not the Court of Despair.
Even if you have broken (the promise in) your repentance a hundred times, come again!
(The forgiveness) Allah overlooking sins (is not for those who do ill deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them) when one of them is suffering from the agony of death, (he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers). Allah says that He does not accept the repentance of unbelievers at the moment they suffer the pangs of death. (For such) for the unbelievers (We have prepared a painful doom) this was revealed about Tu'mah and his companions who had left Islam.
Repentance is Accepted Until one Faces death
Allah states that He accepts repentance of the servant who commits an error in ignorance and then repents, even just before he sees the angel who captures the soul, before his soul reaches his throat. Mujahid and others said, "Every person who disobeys Allah by mistake, or intentionally is ignorant, until he refrains from the sin." Qatadah said that Abu Al-`Aliyah narrated that the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say, "Every sin that the servant commits, he commits out of ignorance." `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that, Ma`mar said that Qatadah said that, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ agreed that every sin that is committed by intention or otherwise, is committed in ignorance." Ibn Jurayj said, "Abdullah bin Kathir narrated to me that Mujahid said, `Every person who disobeys Allah (even willfully), is ignorant while committing the act of disobedience."' Ibn Jurayj said, "`Ata' bin Abi Rabah told me something similar." Abu Salih said that Ibn `Abbas commented, "It is because of one's ignorance that he commits the error." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said about the Ayah,
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ
(and repent soon (afterwards)), "Until just before he (or she) looks at the angel of death." Ad-Dahhak said, "Every thing before death is `soon afterwards."' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said about the Ayah,
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ
(and repent soon afterwards), "Just before his last breath leaves his throat." `Ikrimah said, "All of this life is `soon afterwards."' Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُ تَوْبَةَ الْعَبْدِمَالَمْ يُغَرْغِر»
(Allah accepts the repentance of the servant as long as the soul does not reach the throat.) This Hadith was also collected by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib". By mistake, Ibn Majah mentioned that this Hadith was narrated through `Abdullah bin `Amr. However, what is correct is that `Abdullah bin `Umar bin Al-Khattab was the narrator. Allah said,
فَأُوْلَـئِكَ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً
(It is they to whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) Surely, when hope in continued living diminishes, the angel of death comes forth and the soul reaches the throat, approaches the chest and arrives at the state where it is being gradually pulled out, then there is no accepted repentance, nor a way out of that certain end. Hence Allah's statements,
وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَـتِ حَتَّى إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّى تُبْتُ الاٌّنَ
(And of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until death faces one of them and he says: "Now I repent,") and,
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْاْ بَأْسَنَا قَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ
(So when they saw Our punishment, they said: "We believe in Allah Alone...") 40:84 Allah decided that repentance shall not be accepted from the people of the earth when the sun rises from the west, as Allah said,
يَوْمَ يَأْتِى بَعْضُ ءَايَـتِ رَبِّكَ لاَ يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ ءَامَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِى إِيمَـنِهَا خَيْرًا
(The day that some of the signs of your Lord do come, no good will it do to a person to believe then, if he believed not before, nor earned good through his faith.) 6:158. oAllah said,
وَلاَ الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ
(nor of those who die while they are disbelievers.) Consequently, when the disbeliever dies while still a disbeliever and polytheist, his sorrow and repentance shall not avail him. If he were to ransom himself, even with the earth's fill of gold, it will not be accepted from him. Ibn `Abbas, Abu Al-`Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that the Ayah:
وَلاَ الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ
(nor of those who die while they are disbelievers), was revealed about the people of Shirk. Imam Ahmad recorded that Usamah bin Salman said that Abu Dharr said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُ تَوْبَةَ عَبْدِهِ أَوْ يَغْفِرُ لِعَبْدِهِ مَالَمْ يَقَعِ الْحِجَاب»
(Allah accepts the repentance of His servant, or forgives His servant, as long as the veil does not drop.) They asked, "And what does the drop of the veil mean " He said,
«أَنْ تَخْرُجَ النَّفْسُ وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَة»
(When the soul is removed while one is a polythiest.) Allah then said,
أُوْلَـئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً
(For them We have prepared a painful torment), torment that is severe, eternal and enormous.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: “Surely now I have turned.” In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him. Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers! Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972] Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, “O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?” He said, “Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!” He said, “David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.” From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return. * Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
This turning will not belong to those who keep on doing ugly deeds until death is present for one of them, and then he says: �Surely now I have turned.�In the tongue of learning, one must repent before death, even if it be one moment. In the tongue of practice, one must repent before the soul has the habit of seeing itself and worshiping itself. When someone is pleased with himself and gazes upon himself habitually, the door to repentance has been shut to him and the water of deliverance taken away from him.Quit being the companion of self-nurturing habit-worshipers!Kiss the dust beneath the feet of those who have disowned self! [DS 972]Not everyone who has repented in the road of the Shariah, thereby reaching pardon and forgive- ness, has reached truthfulness in love in respect of the Haqiqah. For a long time David the prophet wept and pleaded. At last it was said to him, �O David! Why do you weep when I have forgiven you, made your adversaries content, and accepted your repentance?�He said, �Lord God, I know, but give me back those sweet moments I had in Your companion- ship and those breaths I had with You in seclusion!�He said, �David, take heed! That is a love that has passed.�From now on leave the way open for the eyes to weep for the days of limpidness have no way to return.*Oh pain, Oh regret-of that standing and sitting in prayer I have dust on the head and wind in the hand.
Repentance was mentioned in the previous verse. Now, given in the present two verses are conditions under which repentance is or is not accepted.
Commentary
Repentance from a deliberate sin
At this point, it should be noted that the Holy Qur'an has used the words "in ignorance" which apparently gives an impression that the repentance may be accepted when a sin is committed unintentionally and unknowingly. But if it is committed deliberately, it will not be acceptable. However, according to the explanation of this verse given by the noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, the word, جھالہ 'jahalah" (ignorance) here does not mean that a sinning person is not aware of a sin as sin, or has no intention or volition to commit a sin. Instead, it means that it was the insensitivity and heedlessness of a person towards the evil end of sin and its ultimate punishment which became the cause of his audacity to venture into sin, even though he knew a sin as sin, and had approached it with intention and volition as well.
In other words, the word, 'jahalah" or ignorance used here is in the sense of carelessness or stupidity. This is supported by an evidence in Surah Yusuf. Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) (Joseph) had said to his brothers: هَلْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَاهِلُونَ ﴿89﴾. Here the brothers have been called, ' jahilun", the ignorant ones, although what they did was not the outcome of any error or forgetfulness but they had done that knowingly and with full deliberation. Yet, it is because of their heedlessness towards the evil end of their act that they have been called 'jahil" (ignorant).
Abu al-` Aliyah and Qatadah ؓ report that the noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, agreed that کل ذنب اصابہ عبد فھو جھالۃ عمداً کان أو غیرہ ، that is, 'any sin committed by a servant of Allah is, anyway, an act of ignorance, be it deliberate or otherwise.'
The master of exegesis, Mujahid said: کل عامل بمعصیۃ اللہ فھو جاھل حین عملھا "Everyone who is doing anything in disobedience to Allah is, for that matter, ignorant while doing it," even though, on the outside, he may appear to be a person of great learning. (Ibn Kathir)
In his Tafsir, al-Bahr al-Muhit, Abu Hayyan has said: This is just like what has been reported in a hadith لا یزنی الزانی وھو مؤمن ، that is, 'a person who commits zina (adultery) will not be doing so while in a state of being a true Muslim.' It means that the time when he succumbed to the temptation of this evil act, that was the time when he was flung far off from the demand of his faith. For this reason, Sayyidna ` Ikrimah ؓ said : امور الدنیا کلّھا جھالۃ that is, 'everything one does in this mortal world - outside the framework of obedience to Allah - is ignorance.' The logic is very obvious since the person disobeying Allah is preferring short-lived pleasures over those everlasting; and, anyone who takes the punishment which will last forever and ever in exchange for this short-lived series of pleasures cannot be called rational, sensible or smart. Such a person would be universally termed as ignorant, even if he knows the evil of his act and has all the intention and resolve to go ahead with it.
The gist of the discussion so far is that the sin that a man commits, deliberately or mistakenly, gets committed due to nothing but jihalat' or ignorance. Therefore, there is a consensus of the entire Muslim ummah on the principle that the repentance of a person who commits some sin deliberately can also be accepted. (al-Bahr a1-Muhit)
Incidentally, there is another point worth attention in the present verse which prescribes a condition for the acceptance of repentance - that one should repent soon without delaying it. The Qur'anic words are: "Shortly thereafter". At does "shortly" signify and how much time will come within the limit of "shortly"? The Holy ﷺ has himself explained this in a hadith in the following words: اِن اللہ یقبَلُ توبۃَ العبد مالم یغَرُغِرُ . The hadith means that Allah Almighty accepts the repentance of His servant until the time he passes into the throes of death and his soul struggles to get out of his rattling throat.
Muhaddith Ibn Marduwayh has narrated from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ that he heard the Holy Prophet ﷺ saying: 'A believing servant of Allah who repents from his sin a month before his death, or repents a day or a moment earlier, Allah Almighty shall accept his repentance, the condition being that the repentance should be genuine and sincere. (Ibn Kathir)
In short, the explanation of "min qarib" (shortly thereafter), given by the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself tells us that virtually man's whole life-time comes under "qarib" and, as such, any repentance which is offered well-before death shall be acceptable. However, the repentance made by man while in throes of death is not acceptable.
Maulana Ashraf Thanavi (رح) in his Tafsir Bayan al-Qur'an, has elaborated the subject by saying that man faces two conditions when close to death. Firstly, there is the condition of utter hopelessness when all medicines and efforts fail and man comes to realize that death is round the corner. This is known as the state of بأس i.e., conscious suffering. The second condition relates to what comes after, that is, when the pangs of the departure of human soul begin and the fated time of ghargharah (the onomatopoetic rattling sound emerging from the throat, a herald of approaching death) comes close. This is known as the state of بأس i.e., total despair. The first condition, that is, the condition of conscious suffering comes within the sense of مِن قرِیب "min qari'b" and the repentance made at that time is accepted; but, the repentance in the second condition, that is, the condition of total despair, is not acceptable, for this is a condition when the angels and things belonging to the Hereafter may start appearing before the dying person, and they are not included in the sense of "min qarib".
This explanation given by the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been pointed out by the Holy Qur'an itself in the following verse (i.e. verse 18) where it is expressly mentioned that repenting, after the sure signs of death are visible, is not accepted.
So, in the light of this explanation the addition of "min qarib " (shortly thereafter) in this verse serves to indicate that the very life-span of man is limited in time, and death, which he may think is far away, may actually be quite near.
“ Relenting taken by Allah upon Himself” is a form of promise the fulfillment of which is certain. Otherwise the truth is that Allah Almighty does not necessarily owe anything to anyone.
The second verse (18) describes those whose repentance is not acceptable with Allah, those who fearlessly go on committing sins throughout their entire lives yet, when death stands on their head and the withdrawal of their soul is set in motion and the angels of death start becoming visible, they start offering repentance. How could their repentance become acceptable when they kept running wild with their lives and wasted all opportunities of repenting while there was still time to repent. This is very much like Pharaoh and his people who called out while drowning that they were ready to believe in the Lord of Musa (Moses) and Ha-run (Aaron) ہارون (علیہ السلام) . Naturally, they were told that their declaration of faith at that time was of no consequence, because the time set for it was all over.
The same thing has been pointed out in the last sentence of the verse which says that Allah also does not accept the repentance of those who die while they are still disbelievers. What is the worth of a declaration of faith right in the middle of one's match with death facing the pangs of the withdrawal of they soul from the body? This confession or this declaration of faith is out of tune with the time and quite worthless now as their punishment stands prepared for them.
What is repentance?
After the literal explanation of these two verses, it seems necessary to define Taubah or repentance and determine its real nature and status. In his اَحیا العلوم 'Ihya' al-` Ulum, Imam al-Ghazali (رح) has identified three different situations with regard to committing sins:
The first state is that of total sinlessness, that is, no sin has ever been committed. This is either the hallmark of angels or that of the prophets, may peace be on them. The second stage of getting involved in sin comes when one takes the initiative and ventures into sin and then repeats and persists with it, never feeling ashamed or regretful and never thinking of stopping and abandoning it. This is the degree of the satans and the devils. The third station belongs to human beings, the children of Adam who, immediately after having committed a sin, regret it and resolve firmly not to go near it in future.
This tells us that failing to repent after committing a sin is the style of devils exclusively. Therefore, it is the consensus of the entire Muslim ummah that Taubah is obligatory. The Holy Qur'an says:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّـهِ تَوْبَةً نَّصُوحًا عَسَىٰ رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُكَفِّرَ عَنكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيُدْخِلَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ
(0 those who believe, repent before Allah, a sincere repentance; may be your Lord removes from you your sins and admits you to gardens beneath which rivers flow.) (66:8)
How generous is the mercy of our Lord! A man spends a whole life-time in disobeying Him. Nevertheless, when he repents sincerely before his death, not only his sins are forgiven, but he receives much more when he is admitted into the circle of favoured servants of Allah and made an inheritor of Paradise.
In a hadith, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said: التَّایٔب حبیب اللہ والتایٔب منَ الذَنّبِ کمن لاذنبَ لَہ that is, 'one who repents from sin is loved by Allah and one who has repented from sin is like one who had never committed a sin.' (Ibn Majah)
According to some narrations, if a servant of Allah repents from a sin and his repentance finds acceptance with Him, he is not only absolved from having to account for it, but the very record in writing posted by the angels is erased out from his book of deeds so that he may not be disgraced either.
However, what is necessary is that the repentance is genuine and is offered in sincerity. This repentance stands on three pillars. Firstly, one should regret over and feel ashamed about what he or she has done. According to hadith, اِنَّما التَّوبۃُ النِّدم that is, 'Taubah is (another name of) remorse'. Secondly, one should immediately leave off the sin he has committed and he should, for the future too, firmly resolve to stay away from it. Thirdly, one should think of making amends for what has gone by, that is, he should try to take measures to rectify what has happened in sin to the best of his ability. For example, if he has missed a prayer or a fast, he should make up for it by doing what is known as qada (compensatory worship). If one does not remember the correct number of such missed prayers and fasts, he should think, calculate and come to an-estimated number and then go on to offer qada for these in all seriousness. If one finds it impossible to do so all at one time, he could offer, with each salah due at its time, one qada of each salah he missed throughout his life, which is commonly known as ` umri gada. In the same way, one should do his best to make up, as and when convenient, for obligatory fasts he missed by offering qada fasts. May be one has not paid the obligatory zakah due on him; he should, then pay the zakah due on him for previous years as well, paying it all or paying it gradually. God forbid, if one has usurped someone's right, he should return it back to him and if he has hurt someone, he should seek his forgiveness. But, should it be that one does not regret what he has done, or, despite being regretful, he does not leave off that sin for future, then, this repentance is no repentance even though it may be said a thousand times, as so delightfully put in verse by a Persian poet:
توبہ بر لب سبحہ برکف دل پُر از ذوق گناہ
معصیت را خندہ می آید از استغفارِ ما
Repentance on the lips, rosary in hand and a heart full of the taste of sin, Sin laughs at my style of seeking forgiveness!
The point being made here is that man, once he repents as stated earlier, and despite having been in all sorts of sins, becomes a servant dear to Allah. And should it ever be that, out of human weakness, one does fall into sin yet another time, he should immediately renew his repentance in the fond hope that this time, like every other time, Allah Almighty shall, being Most-Forgiving, relent towards him. Let me conclude with yet another Persian couplet which says:
ایں درگہ ما درگہِ نومیدی نیست
صد بار اگر توبۃ شکستی بازآ
This is the Court of My Presence, not the Court of Despair.
Even if you have broken (the promise in) your repentance a hundred times, come again!