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بَلۡ مَتَّعۡتُ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ وَءَابَاۤءَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ جَاۤءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَرَسُولࣱ مُّبِینࣱ ۝٢٩
bal mattaʿtu hāulāi waābāahum ḥattā jāahumu l-ḥaqu warasūlun mubīnu
Ornaments of Gold, Luxury, The Embellishment / az-Zukhruf (43:29)

Abdel Haleem

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I have let these people and their fathers enjoy long lives, and now I have given them the Truth and a messenger to make things clear
bal mattaʿtu hāulāi waābāahum ḥattā jāahumu l-ḥaqu warasūlun mubīnu

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Tafsir Commentary

Ibrahim's Declaration of Tawhid Here Allah tells us about His servant, Messenger and close Friend, the leader of the monotheists and the father of all subsequent Prophets, from whom Quraysh were descended and claimed to have taken their religion. He disowned his father's and his people's worship of idols and said: وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَهِيمُ لاًّبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّنِى بَرَآءٌ مِّمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ - إِلاَّ الَّذِى فَطَرَنِى فَإِنَّهُ سَيَهْدِينِ وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَـقِيَةً فِى عَقِبِهِ ("Verily, I am innocent of what you worship, except Him Who created me; and verily, He will guide me." And he made it a Word lasting among his offspring,) The Word means the worship of Allah Alone with no partner or associate, and the denunciation of all gods apart from Him, i.e., La ilaha illallah. He left this word as an example to be followed by those of his progeny who were guided by Allah. لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ (that they may turn back.) means, come back to this word. `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others commented on the Ayah: وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَـقِيَةً فِى عَقِبِهِ (And he made it a Word lasting among his offspring,) "This means, La ilaha illallah, and there are still those among his offspring who say it." A similar view was narrated from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Zayd said, "The word of Islam," which refers to the same thing suggested by the group. How the People of Makkah turned away from the Messenger and opposed Him, and His Response Allah further says: بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَـؤُلاَءِ (Nay, but I gave to these) means, the idolators, وَءَابَآءَهُمْ (and their fathers) means, they lived a long life in their misguidance. حَتَّى جَآءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ وَرَسُولٌ مُّبِينٌ (till there came to them the truth, and a Messenger making things clear.) means, his message is clear and his warning is clear. وَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ قَالُواْ هَـذَا سِحْرٌ وَإِنَّا بِهِ كَـفِرُونَ (And when the truth came to them, they said: "This is magic, and we disbelieve therein.") means, they were arrogant and stubborn, and they pushed him away out of disbelief, envy and transgression. وَقَالُواْ (And they say) means, objecting to that which Allah has revealed to him, لَوْلاَ نُزِّلَ هَـذَا الْقُرْءَانُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ (Why is not this Qur'an sent down to some great man of the two towns) meaning, why was this Qur'an not revealed to some man who was great and prominent in their eyes, from the two towns, i.e., Makkah and At-Ta'if This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, `Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Several scholars of Tafsir stated that by this, the Quraysh meant Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah and `Urwah bin Mas`ud Ath-Thaqafi. The apparent meaning is that what they meant was a great man from either of the two towns. Allah responded to their rejection by saying: أَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَةَ رَبِّكَ (Is it they who would portion out the mercy of your Lord) meaning, the matter has nothing to do with them; it is for Allah to decide. Allah knows best where to direct His Message, and He does not reveal it except to the one who is the purest in heart and soul, and of the noblest descent. Then Allah points out that He differentiates among His creation in terms of what He gives them of wealth, provision, intellect, understanding and other visible and hidden strengths: نَحْنُ قَسَمْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ مَّعِيشَتَهُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا (It is We Who portion out between them their livelihood in this world,) لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُم بَعْضاً سُخْرِيّاً (so that some may employ others in their work.) It was said that this means that some employ others in their work, because one needs the other, and vice versa. This was the view of As-Suddi and others. وَرَحْمَةُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ (But the mercy of your Lord is better than which they amass.) means, the mercy of Allah towards His creation is better for them than the wealth and conveniences of this world which they possess. Wealth is not a Sign of Divine Pleasure وَلَوْلاَ أَن يَكُونَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً (And were it not that mankind would have become of one community,) means, `were it not for the fact that many ignorant people would think that Our giving them wealth was a sign that We love the person to whom We give it, and thus they would have agreed upon disbelief for the sake of wealth.' This is the view of Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others. لَّجَعَلْنَا لِمَن يَكْفُرُ بِالرَّحْمَـنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمْ سُقُفاً مِّن فِضَّةٍ وَمَعَارِجَ (We would have provided for those who disbelieve in the Most Gracious, silver roofs for their houses, and elevators) means, ladders and staircases of silver. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and others. عَلَيْهَا يَظْهَرُونَ (whereby they ascend,) means, go up. And their houses would have doors, i.e., locks on their doors, وَسُرُراً عَلَيْهَا يَتَّكِئُونَ (and thrones on which they could recline,) means, all of that would be made of silver. وَزُخْرُفاً (And adornments) means, and gold. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. وَإِن كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَـعُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا (Yet all this would have been nothing but an enjoyment of this world.) means, all that belongs to this transient world which is insignificant before Allah. He hastens their reward for good deeds in the form of luxuries in this world, so that when they reach the Hereafter, they will have no good merits with Allah for which they may be rewarded, as was reported in the Sahih Hadith. It was reported in another Hadith: «لَوْ أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا تَزِنُ عِنْدَ اللهِ جَنَاحَ بَعُوضَةٍ مَا سَقَى مِنْهَا كَافِرًا شَرْبَةَ مَاء» (If this world were worth a gnat's wing before Allah, He would not give a disbeliever a drink of water.) Al-Baghawi narrated its chain of narration. وَالاٌّخِرَةُ عِندَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (And the Hereafter with your Lord is (only) for those who have Taqwa.) means, it is exclusively for them, and no one else will share it with them. When `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, visited the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in seclusion, when he was keeping away from his wives, and he saw him resting on a rough mat which had left marks on his side, his eyes filled with tears and he said, "O Messenger of Allah, look at this Chosroes and this Caesar with all that they have, and you are the best of Allah's creation. " The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was reclining, but he sat up and said: «أَوَ فِي شَكَ أَنْتَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟» (Are you in doubt, O son of Al-Khattab) Then he said: «أُولئِكَ قَوْمٌ عُجِّلَتْ لَهُمْ طَـيِّـبَاتُهُمْ فِي حَيَاتِهِمُ الدُّنْيَا» (Those are people for whom the enjoyments are hastened in this world.) According to another report: «أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَــكُونَ لَهُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَلَنَا الْاخِرَة» (Does it not please you that this world is for them and the Hereafter is for us) In as the Two Sahihs and elsewhere, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «لَا تَشْرَبُوا فِي آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا فِي صِحَافِهَا، فَإِنَّهَا لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَنَا فِي الْاخِرَة» (Do not drink from vessels of gold and silver, and do not eat from plates of the same, for these things are for them in this world and for us in the Hereafter.) Allah has granted these things to them in this world because it is insignificant, as was reported by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah via Abu Hazim from Sahl bin Sa`d, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «لَوْ كَانَتِ الدُّنْيَا تَزِنُ عِنْدَ اللهِ جَنَاحَ بَعُوضَةٍ مَا سَقَى مِنْهَا كَافِرًا شَرْبَةَ مَاءٍ أَبَدًا» n(If this world were worth a gnat's wing before Allah, He would never give a disbeliever a drink of water.)" At-Tirmidhi said: "Hasan Sahih."
Nay but I have let these idolaters and their fathers enjoy life without hastening to punish them until there came to them the truth the Qur’ān and a messenger who makes things clear one who manifests to them the stipulations of the Law — and this messenger is Muhammad (s).
بل متعتُ -أيها الرسول- هؤلاء المشركين من قومك وآباءهم مِن قبلهم بالحياة، فلم أعاجلهم بالعقوبة على كفرهم، حتى جاءهم القرآن ورسول يبيِّن لهم ما يحتاجون إليه من أمور دينهم.
قال جل وعلا "بل متعت هؤلاء" يعني المشركين "وآباءهم" أي فتطاول عليهم العمر في ضلالهم "حتى جاءهم الحق ورسول مبين " أي بين الرسالة والنذارة.
وقوله - سبحانه - : ( بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هؤلاء وَآبَآءَهُمْ حتى جَآءَهُمُ الحق وَرَسُولٌ مُّبِينٌ ) إضراب عن كلام محذوف يناسق إليه الكلام ، والمراد " بهؤلاء " أهل مكة المعاصرين للنبى - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وقوله : ( مَتَّعْتُ ) من التمتع بمعنى إعطائهم ما يشتهون من المطاعم والمشارب والنعم المتعددة ، واشتغالهم بذلك عن طاعة الله - تعالى - وشكره .والمعنى : اقتضت حكمتنا أن نجعل كلمة التوحيد باقية فى بعض ذرية إبراهيم لعل من بقى من هذه الذرية على الشرك أن يرجع إليها ، ولكنهم لم يرجعوا بل أصروا على كفرهم ، فلم أعالجهم بالعقوبة ، بل متعت هؤلاء المشركين المعاصرين لك - أيها الرسول الكريم - بأن أمددتهم بالنعم المتعددة هم وآباؤهم ، وبقيت تلك النعم فيهم : ( حتى جَآءَهُمُ الحق ) وهو دعوتك إياهم إلى إخلاص العبادة لنا ، وجاءهم ( وَرَسُولٌ مُّبِينٌ ) هو أنت - أيها الرسول الكريم - فإن رسالتك واضحة المعالم ، بينة المقاصد ، ليس فيها شئ من الغموض الذى يحملها على الإِعراض عنها .فالمقصود من الآية الكريمة ، بيان أن الكلمة الباقية فى عقب إبراهيم وهى كلمة التوحيد ، لم يتبعها جميع أفراد ذريته ، بل اتبعها قوم وكفر بها آخرون وأن هؤلاء الكافرين - وعلى راسهم كفار قريش - لم يعاجلهم الله - تعالى - بالعقوبة ، بل أعطاهم نعما متعددة ، فلم يشكروه - تعالى - عليها ، واستمروا على ذلك ، حتى جاءهم الحق ، فلم يؤمنوا به ، ولا بمن حمله إليهم وهو الرسل المبين - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .ومن الآيات التى تدل على أن ذرية إبراهيم كان منها المؤمن ، وكان منها الكافر . قوله - تعالى - : ( وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحاً وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النبوة والكتاب فَمِنْهُمْ مُّهْتَدٍ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ )
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَؤُلاءِ وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ وَرَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ (29)يقول تعالى ذكره: ( بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ ) يا محمد ( هَؤُلاءِ ) المشركين من قومك ( وَآبَاءَهُمْ ) من قبلهم بالحياة, فلم أعاجلهم بالعقوبة على كفرهم ( حَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ ) يعني جلّ ثناؤه بالحقّ: هذا القرآن: يقول: لم أهلكهم بالعذاب حتى أنـزلت عليهم الكتاب, وبعثت فيهم رسولا مبينا. يعني بقوله: ( وَرَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ ) : محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, والمبين: أنه يبين لهم بالحجج التي يحتج بها عليهم أنه لله رسول محقّ فيما يقول
( بل متعت هؤلاء وآباءهم ) يعني : المشركين في الدنيا ، ولم أعاجلهم بالعقوبة على الكفر ، ( حتى جاءهم الحق ) يعني : القرآن . وقال الضحاك : الإسلام . ( ورسول مبين ) يبين لهم الأحكام وهو محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وكان من حق هذا الإنعام أن يطيعوه ، فلم يفعلوا ، وعصوا .
بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَآَبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ وَرَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ (29)إضراب عن قوله : { لعلهم يرجعون } [ الزخرف : 28 ] ، وهو إضراب إبطال ، أي لم يحصل ما رجاه إبراهيم من رجوع بعض عقبه إلى الكلمة التي أوصاهم برعيها . فإن أقدم أمة من عقبه لم يرجعوا إلى كلمته ، وهؤلاء هم العرب الذين أشركوا وعبدوا الأصنام .وبعدَ { بل } كلام محذوف دلّ عليه الإبطال وما بعد الإبطاللِ ، وتقديرُ المحذوف : بل لم يرجع هؤلاء وآباؤهم الأولون إلى التوحيد ولم يتبرأوا من عبَادة الأصنام ولا أخذوا بوصاية إبراهيم .وجملة { مَتَّعتُ هؤلاء وآباءهم } مستأنفة استئنافاً بيانياً لسائل يسأل عما عاملهم الله به جزاء على تفريطهم في وصاية إبراهيم وهلا استأصلهم . كما قال : { وكذلك ما أرسلنا من قبلك في قرية من نذير } إلى قوله : { فانتقمنا منهم } [ الزخرف : 23 25 ] ، فأجيب بأن الله متعهم بالبقاء إلى أن يجيئهم رسول بالحق وذلك لحكمة علمها الله يرتبط بها وجود العرب زمناً طويلاً بدون رسول ، وتأخُّرُ مجيء الرّسول إلى الإبان الذي ظهر فيه .وبهذا الاستئناف حصل التخلص إلى ما بدا من المشركين بعد مجيء الرّسول صلى الله عليه وسلم من فظيع توغلهم في الإعراض عن التوحيد الذي كان عليه أبوهم فكان موقع { بل } في هذه الآية أبلغ من موقعها في قول لبيد: ... بل ما تذكر من نوارَ وقد نأتوتَقَطعت أسبابُها ورمَامها ... إذ كان انتقاله اقتضاباً وكان هنا تخلصاً حَسناً .و { هؤلاء } إشارة إلى غير مذكور في الكلام ، وقد استقريْتُ أن مصطلح القرآن أن يريد بمثله مشركي العرب ، ولم أر من اهتدى للتنبيه عليه ، وقد قدّمتهُ عند قوله تعالى : { وجئنا بك على هؤلاء شهيداً } في سورة النساء ( 41 ) وفي مواضع أخرى .والمراد بآبائهم آباؤهم الذين سنّوا عبادة الأصنام مثل عَمْرو بن لُحَيِّ والذين عبدوها من بعده . وتمتيع آبائهم تمهيد لتمتِيع هؤلاء ، ولذلك كانت غاية التمتيع مجيءَ الرّسول فإن مجيئه لهؤلاء . والتمتيع هنا التمتيع بالإمهال وعدم الاستئصال كما تدلّ عليه الغاية في قوله : { حتى جاءهم الحق ورسول مبين } .والمراد ب { الحق } القرآن كما يدل عليه قوله : { ولما جاءهم الحق قالوا هذا سحر } [ الزخرف : 30 ] وقوله : { وقالوا لولا نزل هذا القرآن على رجللٍ من القريتين عظيمٍ } [ الزخرف : 31 ] وهذه الآية ثناء راجع على القرآن متصل بالثناء عليه الذي افتتحت به السورة .فإنه لما جاء القرآن على لسان محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم انتهى التمتيع وأُخذوا بالعذاب تدريجاً إلى أن كان عذاب يوم بدر ويوم حنين ، وهدى الله للإسلام من بقي يومَ فتح مكة وأيامَ الوفود . وهذا في معنى قوله تعالى : { وأممٌ سنمتعهم ثم يمسهم منا عذابٌ أليمٌ } في سورة هود ( 48 ) .والحق الذي جاءهم هو : القرآن ، والرّسول المبين : محمد ووصفه ب مبين } لأنه أوضَحَ الهُدى ونصبَ الأدلةَ وجاء بأفصح كلام . فالإبانة راجعة إلى معاني دينه وألفاظ كتابه . والحكمة في ذلك أن الله أراد أن يشرف هذا الفريق من عقب إبراهيم بالانتشال من أوحال الشرك والضلال إلى مناهج الإيمان والإسلام واتباع أفضل الرّسل وأفضل الشرائع ، فيجبرَ لأمَّة من عَقِب إبراهيم ما فرطوا فيه من الاقتداء بأبيهم حتى يكمل لدعوته شرف الاستجابة .والمقصود من هذا زيادة الإمهال لهم لعلهم يتذكرون كما قال تعالى : { وهذا كتابٌ أنزلناه مباركٌ فاتبعوه واتقوا لعلكم ترحمون أن تقولوا إنما أنزل الكتاب على طائفتين من قبلنا وإن كنا عن دراستهم لغافلين أو تقولوا لو أنا أنزل علينا الكتاب لكنّا أهدى منهم فقد جاءكم بيّنةٌ من ربّكم وهدىً ورحمةٌ فمن أظلم ممن كذب بآيات الله وصدف عنها سنجزي الذين يصدفون عن آياتنا سوء العذاب بما كانوا يصدفون } [ الأنعام : 155 157 ] .ويستروح من قوله تعالى : { وجعلها كلمة باقية في عقبه } إلى قوله : { وآباءهم } [ الزخرف : 28 ، 29 ] أنّ آباء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في عمود نسبه لم يكونوا مضمرين الشركَ وأنهم بعضُ من عقب إبراهيم الذين بقيت كلمته فيهم ولم يجهروا بمخالفة قومهم اتقاءَ الفتنة . ولا عجب في ذلك فإن تغيير المنكر إنّما وجب بالشرع ولم يكن لديهم شرع .
فقال تعالى: { بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَآبَاءَهُمْ } بأنواع الشهوات، حتى صارت هي غايتهم ونهاية مقصودهم، فلم تزل يتربى حبها في قلوبهم، حتى صارت صفات راسخة، وعقائد متأصلة.
قوله تعالى بل متعت وقرئ ( بل متعنا ) هؤلاء وآباءهم أي : في الدنيا بالإمهال . حتى جاءهم الحق أي : محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بالتوحيد والإسلام الذي هو أصل دين إبراهيم ، وهو الكلمة التي بقاها الله في عقبه . ورسول مبين أي : يبين لهم ما بهم إليه حاجة .
Abraham’s proclamation of the Unity of God as mentioned here was made by him during the last days of his mission. This was not simply a string of words: it was the sum and substance of a great history. When he attained the age of awareness, he discovered that the only Being worth worshipping by man was God. Except for Him, all other gods were false and without foundation. He built up his life solely on the basis of this belief and preached it among his family members and the people of his community. In complete disregard of personal or other considerations, he was steadfast in this belief for a very long time, so much so that his being a believer in the one God came to define his identity. After a lifetime spent in this way, when he left his native place and repeated the above-mentioned words, they naturally left a permanent impression. His words were such that people used to remember them whenever his name was mentioned. This strong tradition laid down by Abraham should have served as a milestone for the coming generations. But absorption in worldly interests made them neglectful of it and they became so careless and forgetful of it that in a later period, when one of God’s messengers came to remind them of this past lesson, they rejected him.
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَاقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ (And he made it a word lasting among his posterity.) It means that Ibrahim t did not keep the belief in 'tauhid' restricted to himself, rather he emphasized upon his posterity also to remain firm on this faith, as a result of which a large number of his posterity adhered to tauhid. In Makkah and its surroundings, there were many blessed souls, even till the advent of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، who had remained steadfast in the original 'din' of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) . We learn from this verse that it is one of the obligatory duties of a Muslim to try his best to put his or her children on the path of the correct religion and to make them practice it throughout their lives. The Holy Qur'an tells us that Sayyidna Yaqub (علیہ السلام) also had directed his sons, shortly before his death, to remain firm on the correct faith. As such, it is necessary, as a consistent practice of the prophets, to employ one's best possible efforts to reform the morals and deeds of his or her children. So to say, there are many ways to reform one's offspring which should be used according to the situation, but Shaikh Abdul Wahhab Sha` rani (رح) has said in his book Lata'if-ul-Minan wal-Akhlaq that the most effective way for the betterment of one's offspring in matters pertaining to 'din' is that the parents should pray to Allah regularly to make them true practicing Muslims . Alas! The negligence of parents from this easy way is becoming very common these days, and the parents themselves are witnessing the ill effects of this negligence.
(Nay, but I let these) the people of Mecca (and their fathers) before them (enjoy life (only) till there should come unto them the Truth) the Scripture (and a messenger making plain) who explains the Truth to these people in a language they understand.