The Wind-curved Sandhills, The Dunes, The Sandhills — Verse 18

Such are the ones against whom the Word of chastisement is due is necessary concerning communities of jinn and humans that have passed away before them. Truly they are losers.

Mention of the Undutiful Children and Their End In the previous Ayat, Allah mentions the dutiful offspring who supplicate for their parents and treat them with kindness. He describes the success and salvation He has prepared for them. Here He connects to that discussion the situation of the wretched offspring who are undutiful toward their parents. Allah says, وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you! ...") As for the saying "Uff" in this Ayah, it is a general description applying to anyone who says it to his parents. Some people claim that it was revealed about `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr. But this claim is weak and rejected, because `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr embraced Islam after this was revealed. His adherence to Islam was excellent, and he was among the best of his contemporaries. Al-Bukhari recorded from Yusuf bin Mahak that Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) was governor of Hijaz (Western Arabia), appointed by Mu`awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. He (Marwan) delivered a speech in which he mentioned Yazid bin Mu`awiyah and urged the people to give a pledge of allegiance after his father. `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said something to him in response to that, upon which Marwan commanded his men: "Arrest him!" But he entered `Aishah's house, and they were not able to capture him. Marwan then said: "This is the one about whom Allah revealed: وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ أَتَعِدَانِنِى أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِى (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you! Do you promise me that I will be raised -- when generations before me have passed")" From behind the curtain, `Aishah responded: "Allah did not reveal any Qur'an in our regard (i.e. the children of Abu Bakr), except for the declaration of my innocence." In another report recorded by An-Nasa'i, Muhammad bin Ziyad reported that when Mu`awiyah was soliciting people to pledge allegiance to his son, and Marwan declared: "This follows the tradition of Abu Bakr and `Umar." On hearing this, `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said: "Rather, this is the tradition of Heraclius and Caesar." Marwan responded: "This is the one about whom Allah revealed, وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you!")" When that was conveyed to `A'ishah, she said: "Marwan is lying! By Allah, that was not revealed about him. If I wish to name the person meant by it, I could. On the other hand, Allah's Messenger ﷺ placed a curse on Marwan's father (Al- Hakam bin Abi Al-`As when Marwan was still in his loins, so Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) is an outcome of Allah's curse." As for Allah's statement: أَتَعِدَانِنِى أَنْ أُخْرَجَ (Do you promise me that I will be raised) meaning, resurrected. وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِى (when generations before me have passed) meaning, generations of people have already passed away, and none of them has ever returned to tell (what happened to them) وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ (While they invoke Allah for help) meaning, they ask Allah to guide him, and they say to their son, وَيْلَكَ ءَامِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَـذَآ إِلاَّ أَسَـطِيرُ الاٌّوَّلِينَ ("Woe to you! Believe! Verily, the promise of Allah is true." But he says: "This is nothing but the legends of the ancient.") Allah then says, أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِى أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنسِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ خَـسِرِينَ (They are those against whom the Word (of torment) has justified among the previous generations of Jinn and mankind that have passed away.Verily, they are ever the losers.) This indicates that all such people will be among their likes and their peers among the disbelievers, who will lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. Allah's saying, أُوْلَـئِكَ (Those are) after He said, وَالَّذِى قَالَ (But he who says ) confirms what we have mentioned above that the latter is a general description of a type of people including all those who fall under that description. Al-Hasan and Qatadah both said, "This applies to the disbelieving, sinful person who is undutiful to his parents and who denies resurrection." Allah then says, وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَـتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواْ (And for all, there will be degrees according to that which they did,) meaning that there will be degrees of punishment for each of them according to what they did. وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ (so that He might fully recompense them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.) which means Allah will not be unjust to them even in the amount of a speck of dust or less. `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "The levels of the Fire descend, and those of Paradise ascend." Allah then says, وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا (On the Day when those who disbelieve will be exposed to the Fire (it will be said): "You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein...") which means that this will be said to them by way of blame and reprimand. The Commander of the faithful, `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, gave up many of the joys of food and drink and refrained from them while saying, "I am afraid of being like those whom Allah has reproached and condemned by saying, أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا (You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein)." Abu Mijlaz said: "Some people will lose good deeds that they had in the worldly life, and they will be told, أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا (You received your good things in the life of the world)." Then Allah says, فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ (Today, you will be recompensed with the torment of extreme humiliation, because you were arrogant upon the earth without a right, and because you used to rebel against Allah's command.) which indicates that their punishment will be of a type comparable to their deeds. They enjoyed themselves, were arrogant in their denial of the truth, and were involved in sinning and disobedience. Thus, Allah punishes them with extreme humiliation, disgrace, severe pains, continued sorrow, and positions in the terrible depths of Hell -- may Allah protect us from all of that.

أولئك الذين هذه صفتهم وجب عليهم عذاب الله، وحلَّت بهم عقوبته وسخطه في جملة أمم مضت مِن قبلهم مِنَ الجن والإنس على الكفر والتكذيب، إنهم كانوا خاسرين ببيعهم الهدى بالضلال، والنعيم بالعذاب.

قال الله تعالى "أولئك الذين حق عليهم القول في أمم قد خلت من قبلهم من الجن والإنس إنهم كانوا خاسرين" أي دخلوا في زمرة أشباههم وأضرابهم من الكافرين الخاسرين أنفسهم وأهليهم يوم القياما وقوله أولئك بعد قوله والذي قال دليل على ما ذكرناه من أنه جنس يعم كل من كان كذلك وقال الحسن وقتادة هو الكافر الفاجر العاق لوالديه المكذب بالبعث وقد روى الحافظ ابن عساكر في ترجمه سهل بن داود من طريق همام بن عمار حدثنا حماد بن عبدالرحمن حدثنا خالد الزبرقان العليمي عن سليم بن حبيب عن أبي أمامة الباهلي رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "أربعة لعنهم الله تعالى من فوق عرشه وأمنت عليهم الملائكة مضل المساكين" قال خالد الذي يهوي بيده إلى المسكين فيقول هلم أعطيك فإذا جاءه قال ليس معي شيء "والذي يقول للماعون ابن وليس بين يديه شيء والرجل يسأل عن دار القوم فيدلونه على غيرها والذي يضرب الوالدين حتى يستغيثا" غريب جدا.

هم ( الذين حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ القول ) أى : وجب عليهم العذاب الذى حكم به - سبحانه - على أمثالهم فى قوله - تعالى - لإِبليس ( لأَمْلأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنكَ وَمِمَّن تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ ) كما يفيده قوله - سبحانه - بعد ذلك . ( في أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّنَ الجن والإنس ) . أى : أولئك الذين وجب عليهم العذاب ، حالة كونهم مندرجين فى أمم قد مضت من قبلهم من طائفة الجن ومن طائفة الإِنس ( إِنَّهُمْ ) جميعا ( كَانُواْ خَاسِرِينَ ) لأنهم استحبوا الكفر على الإِيمان .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنْسِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ (18)يقول تعالى ذكره: هؤلاء الذين هذه الصفة صفتهم, الذين وجب عليهم عذاب الله, وحلَّت بهم عقوبته وسخطه, فيمن حلّ به عذاب الله على مثل الذي حلّ بهؤلاء من الأمم الذين مضوا قبلهم من الجنّ والإنس, الذين كذّبوا رسل الله, وعتوا عن أمر ربهم.وقوله (إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ) يقول تعالى ذكره: إنهم كانوا المغبونين ببيعهم الهدى بالضلال والنعيم بالعقاب.2حدثنا محمد بن بشار, قال: ثنا معاذ بن هشام, قال: ثنا أبي, عن قتادة, عن الحسن, قال: الجنّ لا يموتون, قال قتادة: فقلت ( أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ )... الآية.

( أولئك الذين حق عليهم القول ) الآية ، أعلم الله تعالى أن هؤلاء قد حقت عليهم كلمة العذاب ، وعبد الرحمن مؤمن من أفاضل المسلمين فلا يكون ممن حقت عليه كلمة العذاب .ومعنى " أولئك الذين حق عليهم القول " : وجب عليهم العذاب ( في أمم ) [ مع أمم ] ( قد خلت من قبلهم من الجن والإنس إنهم كانوا خاسرين ) .

أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ (18(يجوز أن يكون اسم الإشارة مشيراً إلى الذي قال لديه هذه المقالة لما علمت أن المراد به فريق ، فجاءت الإشارة إليه باسم إشارة الجماعة بتأويل الفريق . ويجوز أن يكون { أولئك } إشارة إلى { الأوَّلين } من قوله : { فيقول ما هذا إلا أساطير الأولين } [ الأحقاف : 17 ] ، وهم الذين روي أن ابنَ أبي بكر ذكرَهم حين قال : فأين عبد الله بن جُدعان ، وأيْنَ عثمان بن عمرو ، ومشائخ قريش كما تقدم آنفاً . واستحضار هذا الفريق بطريق اسم الإشارة لزيادة تمييز حالهم العجيبة .وتعريف { القول } تعريف العهد وهو قول معهود عند المسلمين لما تكرر في القرآن من التعبير عنه بالقول في نحو آية { قال فالحق والحق أقول لأملان جهنم منك وممن تبعك منهم أجمعين } [ ص : 84 ، 85 ] ، ونحو قوله : { أفمن حقّ عليه كلمة العذاب } [ الزمر : 19 ] ، فإن الكلمة قول ، ونحو قوله : { لقد حق القول على أكثرهم فهم لا يؤمنون } [ يس : 7 ] الآية . وإطلاقه في هذه الآية رشيق لصلوحية .وإقحام { كانوا خاسرين } دون أن يقال : إنهم خاسرون ، للإشارة إلى أن خسرانهم محقق فكني عن ذلك بجعلهم كائنين فيه .وتأكيد الكلام بحرف ( إنَّ ( لأنهم يظنون أن ما حصل لهم في الدنيا من التمتع بالطيبات فوزاً ليس بعده نكد لأنهم لا يؤمنون بالبعث والجزاء ، فشبهت حالة ظنهم هذا بحال التاجر الذي قل ربحه من تجارته فكان أمره خسراً ، وقد تقدم غير مرة منها قوله تعالى : { فما ربحت تجارتهم } في البقرة ( 16 ( .وإيراد فعل الكون بقوله : كانوا خاسرين } دون الاقتصار على { خاسرين } لأن ( كان ( تدل على أن الخسارة متمكنة منهم .

{ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ } بهذه الحالة الذميمة { حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ } أي: حقت عليهم كلمة العذاب { فِي } جملة { أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ } على الكفر والتكذيب فسيدخل هؤلاء في غمارهم وسيغرقون في تيارهم.{ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ } والخسران فوات رأس مال الإنسان، وإذا فقد رأس ماله فالأرباح من باب أولى وأحرى، فهم قد فاتهم الإيمان ولم يحصلوا على شيء من النعيم ولا سلموا من عذاب الجحيم.

أولئك الذين حق عليهم القول يعني الذين أشار إليهم ابن أبي بكر في قوله أحيوا لي مشايخ قريش ، وهم المعنيون بقوله : وقد خلت القرون من قبلي فأما ابن أبي بكر عبد الله أو عبد الرحمن فقد أجاب الله فيه دعاء أبيه في قوله : وأصلح لي في ذريتي على ما تقدم . حق عليهم القول أي ، وجب عليهم العذاب ، وهي كلمة الله : [ هؤلاء في الجنة ولا أبالي وهؤلاء في النار ولا أبالي ] . في أمم أي مع أمم قد خلت من قبلهم تقدمت ومضت . من الجن والإنس الكافرين إنهم أي تلك الأمم الكافرة كانوا خاسرين لأعمالهم ، أي : ضاع سعيهم وخسروا الجنة .

Children who are obedient to their parents are also obedient to God. Contrary to this, the behaviour of disobedient children is such that, when they grow up, they forget that their parents had to endure innumerable troubles to bring them to adulthood. The best well-wishers of the individual are his parents. Whatever advice parents offer their children is based on absolutely selfless well-wishing. Therefore, one should give more weight to the advice of righteous parents. One who rebukes his righteous parents for their advice proves by his behaviour that he is a very hard-hearted person. It is such as he who will suffer heavy losses.

وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا (And, [ contrary to this is the case on the one who said to his parents, 'Fie upon you both!' - 46:17). The previous verse has laid down the order to serve and obey the parents; this verse announces punishment for one who maltreats his parents and is impertinent to them, especially when they are calling him towards Islam and virtuous deeds, because rejecting their call is a double sin. Ibn Kathir has said that the verse is general and applies to anyone who maltreats his parents. Marwan's saying, in one of his addresses, that this verse holds true for ` Abdur Rahman Ibn Abi Bakr ؓ has been contradicted by Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ ، as narrated in Sahih of Bukhari. The fact of the matter is that the verse is general in sense, and there is no correct narration which states this verse to hold true for a particular person.

(Such) the forefathers of 'Abd al-Rahman: Jad'an and 'Uthman (are those on whom the Word concerning nations) along with nations (of the jinn and mankind which have passed away before them hath effect) the word has been already decreed that these, along with the disbelievers of the jinn and human beings before them, will dwell in the Fire. (Lo! they are the losers) and they will not be resurrected in the life of the world until the Day of Judgement. 'Abd al-Rahman later accepted Islam and became a good Muslim.