The Wind-curved Sandhills, The Dunes, The Sandhills — Verse 19

And for each one of both categories believer and disbeliever there will be degrees of status thus the degrees of the believers in Paradise are high while the degrees of disbelievers in the Fire are despicable according to what they have done that is to say according to what believers have done in the way of acts of obedience and disbelievers in the way of acts of disobedience and that He may recompense them fully namely God li-yuwaffiyahum a variant reading has li-nuwaffiyahum ‘that We may recompense them fully’ for their deeds that is pay them their deserts and they will not be wronged not even in a single thing that may be diminished for believers or increased for disbelievers.

Mention of the Undutiful Children and Their End In the previous Ayat, Allah mentions the dutiful offspring who supplicate for their parents and treat them with kindness. He describes the success and salvation He has prepared for them. Here He connects to that discussion the situation of the wretched offspring who are undutiful toward their parents. Allah says, وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you! ...") As for the saying "Uff" in this Ayah, it is a general description applying to anyone who says it to his parents. Some people claim that it was revealed about `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr. But this claim is weak and rejected, because `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr embraced Islam after this was revealed. His adherence to Islam was excellent, and he was among the best of his contemporaries. Al-Bukhari recorded from Yusuf bin Mahak that Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) was governor of Hijaz (Western Arabia), appointed by Mu`awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. He (Marwan) delivered a speech in which he mentioned Yazid bin Mu`awiyah and urged the people to give a pledge of allegiance after his father. `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said something to him in response to that, upon which Marwan commanded his men: "Arrest him!" But he entered `Aishah's house, and they were not able to capture him. Marwan then said: "This is the one about whom Allah revealed: وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ أَتَعِدَانِنِى أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِى (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you! Do you promise me that I will be raised -- when generations before me have passed")" From behind the curtain, `Aishah responded: "Allah did not reveal any Qur'an in our regard (i.e. the children of Abu Bakr), except for the declaration of my innocence." In another report recorded by An-Nasa'i, Muhammad bin Ziyad reported that when Mu`awiyah was soliciting people to pledge allegiance to his son, and Marwan declared: "This follows the tradition of Abu Bakr and `Umar." On hearing this, `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said: "Rather, this is the tradition of Heraclius and Caesar." Marwan responded: "This is the one about whom Allah revealed, وَالَّذِى قَالَ لِوَلِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَآ (But he who says to his parents: "Uff to you!")" When that was conveyed to `A'ishah, she said: "Marwan is lying! By Allah, that was not revealed about him. If I wish to name the person meant by it, I could. On the other hand, Allah's Messenger ﷺ placed a curse on Marwan's father (Al- Hakam bin Abi Al-`As when Marwan was still in his loins, so Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) is an outcome of Allah's curse." As for Allah's statement: أَتَعِدَانِنِى أَنْ أُخْرَجَ (Do you promise me that I will be raised) meaning, resurrected. وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِى (when generations before me have passed) meaning, generations of people have already passed away, and none of them has ever returned to tell (what happened to them) وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ (While they invoke Allah for help) meaning, they ask Allah to guide him, and they say to their son, وَيْلَكَ ءَامِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَـذَآ إِلاَّ أَسَـطِيرُ الاٌّوَّلِينَ ("Woe to you! Believe! Verily, the promise of Allah is true." But he says: "This is nothing but the legends of the ancient.") Allah then says, أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِى أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنسِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ خَـسِرِينَ (They are those against whom the Word (of torment) has justified among the previous generations of Jinn and mankind that have passed away.Verily, they are ever the losers.) This indicates that all such people will be among their likes and their peers among the disbelievers, who will lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. Allah's saying, أُوْلَـئِكَ (Those are) after He said, وَالَّذِى قَالَ (But he who says ) confirms what we have mentioned above that the latter is a general description of a type of people including all those who fall under that description. Al-Hasan and Qatadah both said, "This applies to the disbelieving, sinful person who is undutiful to his parents and who denies resurrection." Allah then says, وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَـتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواْ (And for all, there will be degrees according to that which they did,) meaning that there will be degrees of punishment for each of them according to what they did. وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ (so that He might fully recompense them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.) which means Allah will not be unjust to them even in the amount of a speck of dust or less. `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "The levels of the Fire descend, and those of Paradise ascend." Allah then says, وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا (On the Day when those who disbelieve will be exposed to the Fire (it will be said): "You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein...") which means that this will be said to them by way of blame and reprimand. The Commander of the faithful, `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, gave up many of the joys of food and drink and refrained from them while saying, "I am afraid of being like those whom Allah has reproached and condemned by saying, أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا (You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein)." Abu Mijlaz said: "Some people will lose good deeds that they had in the worldly life, and they will be told, أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَـتِكُمْ فِى حَيَـتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا (You received your good things in the life of the world)." Then Allah says, فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ (Today, you will be recompensed with the torment of extreme humiliation, because you were arrogant upon the earth without a right, and because you used to rebel against Allah's command.) which indicates that their punishment will be of a type comparable to their deeds. They enjoyed themselves, were arrogant in their denial of the truth, and were involved in sinning and disobedience. Thus, Allah punishes them with extreme humiliation, disgrace, severe pains, continued sorrow, and positions in the terrible depths of Hell -- may Allah protect us from all of that.

ولكل فريق من أهل الخير وأهل الشر منازل عند الله يوم القيمة؛ بأعمالهم التي عملوها في الدنيا، كل على وَفْق مرتبته؛ وليوفيهم الله جزاء أعمالهم، وهم لا يُظلمون بزيادة في سيئاتهم، ولا بنقص من حسناتهم.

وقوله تبارك وتعالى "ولكل درجات مما عملوا" أي لكل عذاب بحسب عمله "وليوفيهم أعمالهم وهم لا يظلمون" أي لا يظلمهم مثقال ذرة فما دونها قال عبدالرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم درجات النار تذهب سفالا ودرجات الجنة تذهب علوا.

ثم بين - سبحانه - مظهرا من مظاهر عدالته فى حكمه بين عباده فقال : ( وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواْ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ ) .والتنوين فى قوله ( وَلِكُلٍّ ) عوض عن المضاف إليه المحذوف ، والجار والجرور فى قوله ( مِّمَّا عَمِلُواْ ) صفة لقوله ( دَرَجَاتٌ ) ، و ( مِّنَ ) بيانية ، ( مَّا ) موصولة .وقوله : ( وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ) علة لمحذوف . . والمعنى : ولك فريق من الفريقين : فريق المؤمنين المعبر عنهم بقوله : - تعالى - : ( أولئك الذين نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُواْ . . ) وفريق الكافرين المعبر عنهم بقوله - تعالى - : ( أولئك الذين حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ القول ) . لكل فريق من هؤلاء وهؤلاء ( دَرَجَاتٌ ) حاصلة من الذى عملوه من الخير والشر ، وقد فعل - سبحانه - ذلك معهم ، ليوفيهم جزاء أعمالهم .( وَهُمْ ) جميعا ( لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ ) شيئا ، بل كل فريق منهم يجازى على حسب عمله . كما قال - تعالى - : ( فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرّاً يَرَهُ ).

وقوله ( وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولكلّ هؤلاء الفريقين: فريق الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر, والبرّ بالوالدين, وفريق الكفر بالله واليوم الآخر, وعقوق الوالدين اللذين وصف صفتهم ربنا عزّ وجلّ في هذه الآيات منازل ومراتب عند الله يوم القيامة, مما عملوا, يعني من عملهم الذي عملوه في الدنيا من صالح وحسن وسيىء يجازيهم الله به.وقد حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله ( وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا ) قال: درج أهل النار يذهب سفالا ودرج أهل الجنة يذهب علوا( وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: وليعطى جميعهم أجور أعمالهم التي عملوها في الدنيا, المحسن منهم بإحسانه ما وعد الله من الكرامة, والمسيء منهم بإساءته ما أعدّه من الجزاء ( وَهُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ ) يقول: وجميعهم لا يظلمون: لا يجازى المسيء منهم إلا عقوبة على ذنبه, لا على ما لم يعمل, ولا يحمل عليه ذنب غيره, ولا يبخس المحسن منهم ثوابَ إحسانه.

( ولكل درجات مما عملوا ) قال ابن عباس - رضي الله عنه - ما : يريد من سبق إلى الإسلام ، فهو أفضل ممن تخلف عنه ولو بساعة . وقال مقاتل : ولكل فضائل بأعمالهم فيوفيهم الله جزاء أعمالهم .وقيل : " ولكل " : يعني ولكل واحد من الفريقين المؤمنين والكافرين " درجات " منازل ومراتب عند الله يوم القيامة بأعمالهم ، فيجازيهم عليها .قال ابن زيد في هذه الآية : درج أهل النار تذهب سفلا ودرج أهل الجنة تذهب علوا .( وليوفيهم ) قرأ ابن كثير ، وأهل البصرة ، وعاصم : بالياء ، وقرأ الباقون بالنون . ( أعمالهم وهم لا يظلمون ) .

وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (19(عطف على الكلام السابق من قوله : { أولئك الذين يتقبل عنهم } [ الأحقاف : 16 ] ثم قوله : { أولئك الذين حق عليهم القول } [ الأحقاف : 18 ] الخ .وتنوين ( كلَ ( تنوين عوض عما تضاف إليه { كل } وهو مقدر يعلم من السياق ، أي ولكل الفريقين المؤمن البار بوالديه والكافر الجامع بين الكفر والعقوق درجات ، أي مراتب من التفاوت في الخبر بالنسبة لأهل جزاء الخير وهم المؤمنون ، ودركات في الشر لأهل الكفر . والتعبير عن تلك المراتب بالدرجات تغليب لأن الدرجة مَرتَبَة في العلو وهو علوّ اعتباري إنما يناسب مراتب الخير وأما المرتبة السفلى فهي الدركة قال تعالى : { إن المنافقين في الدَّرَك الأسفل من النار } [ النساء : 145 ] . ووجه التغليظ التنويه بشأن أهل الخير .و ( من ( في قوله : { مما عملوا } تبعيضية . والمراد ب { ما عملوا } جَزاء ما عملوا فيقدر مضاف . والدرجات : مراتب الأعمال في الخير وضده التي يكون الجزاء على وفقها . ويجوز كون ( من ( ابتدائية ، وما عملوا نفس العمل فلا يقدر مضاف والدرجات هي مراتب الجزاء التي تكون على حسب الأعمال ، ومقادير ذلك لا يعلمها إلا الله وهي تتفاوت بالكثرة وبالسبق وبالخصوص ، فالذي قال لوالديه أف لكما وأنكر البعث ثم أسلم بعد ذلك قد يكون هو دون درجة الذي بادر بالإسلام وبِرّ والديه وما يعقب إسلامَه من العمل الصالح . وكل ذلك على حسب الدرجات .وأشار إلى أن جزاء تلك الدرجات كلها بقدر يعلمه الله ، وقوله بعده : { ولنوفيهم أعمالهم } هو علة لمحذوف دل عليه الكلام وتقديره : قدرنا جزاءهم على مقادير درجاتهم لنوفيهم جزاء أعمالهم ، أي نجازيهم تاماً وافياً لا غبن فيه . وقرأ الجمهور { ولنوفيهم } بنون العظمة . وقرأه ابن كثير وأبو عمرو وعاصم وهشام عن ابن عَامر ويعقوب بالتحتية مراداً به العَود إلى الله تعالى لأنه معلوم من المقام .وجملة { وهم لا يظلمون } احتراس منظور فيه إلى توفية أحد الفريقين وهو الفريق المستحق للعقوبة لئلا يُحسب أن التوفية بالنسبة إليهم أن يكون الجزاء أشد مما تقتضيه أعمالهم .

{ وَلِكُلٍّ } من أهل الخير وأهل الشر { دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا } أي: كل على حسب مرتبته من الخير والشر ومنازلهم في الدار الآخرة على قدر أعمالهم ولهذا قال: { وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ } بأن لا يزاد في سيئاتهم ولا ينقص من حسناتهم.

قوله تعالى : ولكل درجات مما عملوا وليوفيهم أعمالهم وهم لا يظلمون .قوله تعالى : ولكل درجات أي ولكل واحد من الفريقين المؤمنين والكافرين من الجن والإنس مراتب عند الله يوم القيامة بأعمالهم . قال ابن زيد : درجات أهل النار في هذه الآية تذهب سفالا ، ودرج أهل الجنة علوا . وليوفيهم أعمالهم قرأ ابن كثير وابن محيصن وعاصم وأبو عمرو ويعقوب بالياء لذكر الله قبله ، وهو قوله تعالى : إن وعد الله حق واختاره أبو حاتم . الباقون بالنون ردا على قوله تعالى : ووصينا الإنسان بوالديه وهو اختيار أبي عبيد . وهم لا يظلمون أي لا يزاد على مسيء ولا ينقص من محسن .

The Truth appears before a man, but, unwilling to relinquish worldly goals and material gain, he rejects it. This means that he sets worldly interests above the exigencies of the Hereafter; he wants to pursue the attractions of this world rather than seek the good things of the afterlife. Then, when he is required to demolish the structure of self-aggrandisement in order to accept the Truth, he prefers to reject it, so as to save his empty prestige: after all, he relishes the feeling of being a great man. At that point, in effect, he shows his preference for the enticements of this world over the blessings of the Hereafter, treating them as unworthy of consideration.

وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا (And, [ contrary to this is the case on the one who said to his parents, 'Fie upon you both!' - 46:17). The previous verse has laid down the order to serve and obey the parents; this verse announces punishment for one who maltreats his parents and is impertinent to them, especially when they are calling him towards Islam and virtuous deeds, because rejecting their call is a double sin. Ibn Kathir has said that the verse is general and applies to anyone who maltreats his parents. Marwan's saying, in one of his addresses, that this verse holds true for ` Abdur Rahman Ibn Abi Bakr ؓ has been contradicted by Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ ، as narrated in Sahih of Bukhari. The fact of the matter is that the verse is general in sense, and there is no correct narration which states this verse to hold true for a particular person.

(And for all) for each person among the believers and disbelievers (there will be ranks) the believers will have ascending ranks in the Garden while the disbelievers will have descending ranks in the Fire (from what they do) due to their works in the life of the world, (that He may pay them for their deeds) that He may pay them the reward of their deeds, (and they will not be wronged) their good deeds will not be diminished nor will their evil deeds be increased.