The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments, The Chambers — Verse 10

The believers are indeed brothers in religion. Therefore always make peace between your brethren when they fall into dispute with one another a variant reading for the dual form akhawaykum ‘your two brethren’ has ikhwatakum ‘your brothers’ and fear God so that perhaps you might receive mercy.

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

The faithful indeed are siblings.O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service.It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, �Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.� What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, �Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary� [49:13].O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate.Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, �With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?�He said, �With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

إنما المؤمنون إخوة في الدين، فأصلحوا بين أخويكم إذا اقتتلا وخافوا الله في جميع أموركم؛ رجاء أن تُرحموا.

أي الجميع إخوة في الدين كما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يسلمه" وفي الصحيح "والله في عون العبد ما كان العبد في عون أخيه" وفي الصحيح أيضا "إذا دعا المسلم لأخيه بظهر الغيب قال الملك آمين ولك بمثله" والأحاديث في هذا كثيرة وفي الصحيح "مثل المؤمنين في توادهم وتراحمهم وتواصلهم كمثل الجسد الواحد إذا اشتكى منه عضو تداعى له سائر الجسد بالحمى والسهر" وفي الصحيح أيضا "المؤمن للمؤمن كالبنيان يشد بعضه بعضا" وشبك بين أصابعه صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال أحمد حدثنا أحمد بن الحجاج حدثنا عبدالله أخبرنا مصعب بن ثابت حدثني أبو حازم قال: سمعت سهل بن سعد الساعدي رضي الله عنه يحدث عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "إن المؤمن من أهل الإيمان بمنزلة الرأس من الجسد يألم المؤمن لأهل الإيمان كما يألم الجسد لما في الرأس" تفرد به أحمد ولا بأس بإسناده وقوله تعالى "فأصلحوا بين أخويكم" يعني الفئتين المقتتلتين "واتقوا الله" أي في جميع أموركم "لعلكم ترحمون" وهذا تحقيق منه تعالى للرحمة لمن اتقاه.

وقوله : ( إِنَّمَا المؤمنون إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ . . ) استئناف مقرر لمضمون ما قبله من الأمر بوجوب الإِصلاح بين المتخاصمين .أى : إنما المؤمنون إخوة فى الدين والعقيدة ، فهم يجمعهم أصل واحد وهو الإِيمان ، كما يجمع الإِخوة أصل واحد وهو النسب ، وكما ان أخوة النسب داعية إلى التواصل والتراحكم والتناصر فى جلب الخير ، وفدع الشر ، فكذلك الأخوة فى الدين تدعوكم إلى التعاطف والتصالح ، وإلى تقوى الله وشخيته ، ومتى تصالحتم واتقيتم الله - تعالى - كنتم أهلا لرحمته ومثوبته .قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : فلم خص الإِثنان بالذكر دون الجمع فى قوله : فأصلحوا بين أخويكم -؟قلت : لأن أقل من يقع بينهم الشقاق اثنان ، فإذا لزمت المصالحة بين الأقل ، كانت بين الأكثر ألزم ، لأن الفساد فى شقاق الجمع أكثر منه فى شقاق الاثنين .هذا ، وقد أخذ العلماء من هاتين الآيتين جملة من الأحكام منها :أن الأصل فى العلاقة بين المؤمنين أن تقوم على التواصل والتراحم ، لا على التنازع والتخاصم ، وأنه إذا حدث نزاع بين طائفتين من المؤمنين ، فعلى بقية المؤمنين أن يقوموا بواجب الإِصلاح بينهما حتى يرجعا إلى حكم الله - تعالى - .قال الشوكانى : إذا تقاتل فريقان من المسلمين ، فعلى المسلمين أن يسعوا بالصلح بينهم ، ويدعوهم إلى حكم الله فإن حصل بعد ذلك التعدى من إحدى الطائفتين على الأخرى ، ولم تقبل الصلح ولا دخلت فيه ، كان على المسلمين أن يقاتلوا هذه الطائفة الباغية ، حتى ترجع إلى أمر الله وحكمه ، فإن رجعت تلك الطائفة الباغية عن بغيها ، وأجابت الدعوة إلى كتاب الله وحكمه ، فعلى المسلمين أن يعدلوا بين الطائفتين فى الحكم ، ويتحروا الصواب المطابق لحكم الله ، ويأخذوا على يد الطائفة الظالمة ، حتى تخرج من الظلم ، وتؤدى ما يجب عليها نحو الأخرى .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (10)يقول تعالى ذكره لأهل الإيمان به ( إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ ) في الدين ( فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ ) إذا اقتتلا بأن تحملوهما على حكم الله وحكم رسوله. ومعنى الأخوين في هذا الموضع: كل مقتتلين من أهل الإيمان, وبالتثنية قرأ ذلك قرّاء الأمصار. وذُكر عن ابن سيرين أنه قرأ بين إخوانكم بالنون على مذهب الجمع, وذلك من جهة العربية صحيح, غير أنه خلاف لما عليه قرّاء الأمصار, فلا أحب القراءة بها( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وخافوا الله أيها الناس بأداء فرائضه عليكم في الإصلاح بين المقتتلين من أهل الإيمان بالعدل, وفي غير ذلك من فرائضه, واجتناب معاصيه, ليرحمكم ربكم, فيصفح لكم عن سالف إجرامكم إذا أنتم أطعتموه, واتبعتم أمره ونهيه, واتقيتموه بطاعته.

( إنما المؤمنون إخوة ) في الدين والولاية ( فأصلحوا بين أخويكم ) إذا اختلفا واقتتلا ، قرأ يعقوب " بين إخوتكم " بالتاء على الجمع ( واتقوا الله ) فلا تعصوه ولا تخالفوا أمره ( لعلكم ترحمون ) .[ أخبرنا عبد الواحد بن أحمد المليحي ] ، أخبرنا أبو محمد الحسين بن أحمد المخلدي ، أخبرنا أبو العباس محمد بن إسحاق السراج ، حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد ، حدثنا الليث ، عن عقيل ، عن الزهري ، عن سالم ، عن أبيه أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يشتمه ، من كان في حاجة أخيه كان الله في حاجته ، ومن فرج عن مسلم كربة فرج الله بها عنه كربة من كرب يوم القيامة ، ومن ستر مسلما ستره الله يوم القيامة " .وفي هاتين الآيتين دليل على أن البغي لا يزيل اسم الإيمان ، لأن الله تعالى سماهم إخوة مؤمنين مع كونهم باغين ، يدل عليه ما روي عن الحارث الأعور أن علي بن أبي طالب - رضي الله عنه - سئل - وهو القدوة - في قتال أهل البغي ، عن أهل الجمل وصفين : أمشركون هم ؟ فقال : لا ، من الشرك فروا ، فقيل : أمنافقون هم ؟ فقال : لا ، إن المنافقين لا يذكرون الله إلا قليلا ، قيل : فما حالهم ؟ قال : إخواننا بغوا علينا .والباغي في الشرع هو الخارج على الإمام العدل ، فإذا اجتمعت طائفة لهم قوة ومنعة فامتنعوا عن طاعة الإمام العدل بتأويل محتمل ، ونصبوا إماما فالحكم فيهم أن يبعث الإمام إليهم ويدعوهم إلى طاعته ، فإن أظهروا مظلمة أزالها عنهم ، وإن لم يذكروا مظلمة ، وأصروا على بغيهم ، قاتلهم الإمام حتى يفيئوا إلى طاعته ، ثم الحكم في قتالهم أن لا يتبع مدبرهم ولا يقتل أسيرهم ، ولا يذفف على جريحهم ، نادى منادي علي - رضي الله عنه - يوم الجمل : ألا لا يتبع مدبر ولا يذفف على جريح . وأتي علي - رضي الله عنه - يوم صفين بأسير فقال له : لا أقتلك صبرا إني أخاف الله رب العالمين . وما أتلفت إحدى الطائفتين على الأخرى في حال القتال من نفس أو مال فلا ضمان عليه .قال ابن شهاب : كانت في تلك الفتنة دماء يعرف في بعضها القاتل والمقتول ، وأتلف فيها أموال كثيرة ، ثم صار الناس إلى أن سكنت الحرب بينهم ، وجرى الحكم عليهم ، فما علمته اقتص من أحد ولا أغرم مالا أتلفه .أما من لم يجتمع فيهم هذه الشرائط الثلاث بأن كانوا جماعة قليلين لا منعة لهم ، أو لم يكن لهم تأويل ، أو لم ينصبوا إماما ، فلا يتعرض لهم إن لم ينصبوا قتالا ولم يتعرضوا للمسلمين ، فإن فعلوا فهم كقطاع الطريق .روي أن عليا - رضي الله عنه - سمع رجلا يقول في ناحية المسجد : لا حكم إلا لله تعالى ، فقال علي : كلمة حق أريد بها باطل ، لكم علينا ثلاث : لا نمنعكم مساجد الله أن تذكروا فيها اسم الله ، ولا نمنعكم الفيء ما دامت أيديكم مع أيدينا ، ولا نبدؤكم بقتال .

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (10(تعليل لإقامة الإصلاح بين المؤمنين إذا استشرى الحال بينهم ، فالجملة موقعها موقع العلة ، وقد بني هذا التعليل على اعتبار حال المسلمين بعضهم مع بعض كحال الإخوة .وجيء بصيغة القصر المفيدة لحصر حالهم في حال الإخوة مبالغة في تقرير هذا الحكم بين المسلمين فهو قصر ادعائي أو هو قصر إضافي للرد على أصحاب الحالة المفروضة الذين يبغون على غيرهم من المؤمنين ، وأخبر عنهم بأنهم إخوة مجازاً على وجه التشبيه البليغ زيادة لتقرير معنى الأخوة بينهم حتى لا يحق أن يقرن بحرف التشبيه المشعر بضعف صفتهم عن حقيقة الأخُوَّة . وهذه الآية فيها دلالة قوية على تقرر وجوب الأخوة بين المسلمين لأن شأن { إنما } أن تجيء لخبر لا يجهله المخاطب ولا يدفع صحته أو لما يُنَزِّل منزلة ذلك كما قال الشيخ في «دلائل الإعجاز» في الفصل الثاني عشر وساق عليه شواهد كثيرة من القرآن وكلام العرب فلذلك كان قوله تعالى : { إنما المؤمنون إخوة } مفيد أن معنى الأخوة بينهم معلوم مقرر . وقد تقرر ذلك في تضاعيف كلام الله تعالى وكلام رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم من ذلك قوله تعالى : { يقولون ربنا اغفر لنا ولإخواننا الذين سبقونا بالإيمان } في سورة الحشر ( 10 ( ، وهي سابقة في النزول على هذه السورة فإنها معدودة الثانية والمائة ، وسورة الحجرات معدودة الثامنة والمائة من السور . وآخى النبي بين المهاجرين والأنصار حين وروده المدينة وذلك مبدأ الإخاء بين المسلمين . وفي الحديث لو كنت متّخذاً خليلاً غيرَ ربي لاتخذت أبا بكر ولكن أخوة الإسلام أفضل .وفي باب تزويج الصغار من الكبار من صحيح البخاري } " أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خطب عائشة من أبي بكر . فقال له أبو بكر : إنما أنا أخوك فقال : أنتَ أخي في دين الله وكتابِه وهي لي حلال " وفي حديث «صحيح مسلم» " المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يخذله ولا يحقره بحسب امرىء من الشر أن يحقر أخاه المسلم " وفي الحديث " لا يؤمن أحدكم حتى يحبَّ لأخيه ما يحب لنفسه " أي يحب للمسلم ما يحب لنفسه .فأشارت جملة { إنما المؤمنون إخوة } إلى وجه وجوب الإصلاح بين الطائفتين المُتبَاغِيَتَيْن منهم ببيان أن الإيمان قد عَقَد بين أهله من النسب الموحَى ما لا ينقص عن نسب الأخوة الجسدية على نحو قول عمر بن الخطاب للمرأة التي شكت إليه حاجة أولادها وقالت : أنا بنت خُفاف بن أيْمَاء ، وقد شهد أبي مع رسول الله الحديبية فقال عمر «مرحبا بنسب قريب» . ولما كان المتعارف بين الناس أنه إذا نشبت مشاقّة بين الأخوين لزم بقية الإخوة أن يتناهضوا في إزاحتها مشياً بالصلح بينهما فكذلك شأن المسلمين إذا حدث شقاق بين طائفتين منهم أن ينهض سائرهم بالسعي بالصلح بينهما وبثِّ السفراء إلى أن يرقعوا ما وهى ، ويرفعوا ما أصاب ودهَى .وتفريع الأمر بالإصلاح بين الأخوين ، على تحقيق كون المؤمنين إخوة تأكيد لما دلت عليه { إنما } من التعليل فصار الأمر بالإصلاح الواقع ابتداء دون تعليل في قوله : { فأصلحوا بينهما ، وقوله : { فأصلحوا بينهما بالعدل } [ الحجرات : 9 ] قد أردف بالتعليل فحصل تقريره ، ثم عقب بالتفريع فزاده تقريراً .وقد حصل من هذا النَظم ما يشبه الدعوى وهي كمطلوب القياس ، ثم ما يشبه الاستدلال بالقياس ، ثم ما يشبه النتيجة .ولمَّا تقرر معنى الأخوة بين المؤمنين كمالَ التقرّر عُدل عن أن يقول : فأصلحوا بين الطائفتين ، إلى قوله : { بين أخويكم } فهو وصف جديد نشأ عن قوله : { إنما المؤمنون إخوة } ، فتعين إطلاقه على الطائفتين فليس هذا من وضع الظاهر موضع الضمير فتأمل .وأوثرت صيغة التثنية في قوله : { أخويكم } مراعاة لكون الكلام جار على طائفتين من المؤمنين فجعلت كل طائفة كالأخ للأخرى . وقرأ الجمهور { بين أخويكم } بلفظ تثنية الأخ ، أي بين الطائفة والأخرى مراعاة لجريان الحديث على اقتتال طائفتين . وقرأ الجمهور { بين أخويكم } بلفظ تثنية الأخ على تشبيه كل طائفة بأخ . وقرأ يعقوب { فأصلحوا بين إخوَتِكم } بتاء فوقية بعد الواو على أنه جمع أخ باعتبار كل فرد من الطائفتين كالأخ .والمخاطب بقوله : { واتقوا اللَّه لعلكم ترحمون } جميع المؤمنين فيشمل الطائفتين الباغية والمبغي عليها ، ويشمل غيرهما ممن أمروا بالإصلاح بينما ومقاتلة الباغية ، فتقوى كلَ بالوقوف عند ما أمر الله به كُلّا مما يخصه ، وهذا يشبه التذييل . ومعنى { لعلكم ترحمون } : تُرجى لكم الرحمة من الله فتجري أحوالكم على استقامة وصلاح . وإنما اختيرت الرحمة لأن الأمر بالتقوى واقع إثر تقرير حقيقة الأخوة بين المؤمنين وشأن تعامل الإخوة الرحمة فيكون الجزاء عليها من جنسها .

{ إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ } هذا عقد، عقده الله بين المؤمنين، أنه إذا وجد من أي شخص كان، في مشرق الأرض ومغربها، الإيمان بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، فإنه أخ للمؤمنين، أخوة توجب أن يحب له المؤمنون، ما يحبون لأنفسهم، ويكرهون له، ما يكرهون لأنفسهم، ولهذا قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم آمرًا بحقوق الأخوة الإيمانية: "لا تحاسدوا، ولا تناجشوا، ولا تباغضوا، ولا يبع أحدكم على بيع بعض، وكونوا عباد الله إخوانًا المؤمن أخو المؤمن، لا يظلمه، ولا يخذله، ولا يحقره"" وقال صلى الله عليه وسلم ""المؤمن للمؤمن، كالبنيان يشد بعضه بعضًا"" وشبك صلى الله عليه وسلم بين أصابعه.ولقد أمر الله ورسوله، بالقيام بحقوق المؤمنين، بعضهم لبعض، وبما به يحصل التآلف والتوادد، والتواصل بينهم، كل هذا، تأييد لحقوق بعضهم على بعض، فمن ذلك، إذا وقع الاقتتال بينهم، الموجب لتفرق القلوب وتباغضها [وتدابرها]، فليصلح المؤمنون بين إخوانهم، وليسعوا فيما به يزول شنآنهم.ثم أمر بالتقوى عمومًا، ورتب على القيام بحقوق المؤمنين وبتقوى الله، الرحمة [ فقال: { لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ } وإذا حصلت الرحمة، حصل خير الدنيا والآخرة، ودل ذلك، على أن عدم القيام بحقوق المؤمنين، من أعظم حواجب الرحمة.وفي هاتين الآيتين من الفوائد، غير ما تقدم: أن الاقتتال بين المؤمنين مناف للأخوة الإيمانية، ولهذا، كان من أكبر الكبائر، وأن الإيمان، والأخوة الإيمانية، لا تزول مع وجود القتال كغيره من الذنوب الكبار، التي دون الشرك، وعلى ذلك مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة، وعلى وجوب الإصلاح، بين المؤمنين بالعدل، وعلى وجوب قتال البغاة، حتى يرجعوا إلى أمر الله، وعلى أنهم لو رجعوا، لغير أمر الله، بأن رجعوا على وجه لا يجوز الإقرار عليه والتزامه، أنه لا يجوز ذلك، وأن أموالهم معصومة، لأن الله أباح دماءهم وقت استمرارهم على بغيهم خاصة، دون أموالهم."

قوله تعالى : إنما المؤمنون إخوة فأصلحوا بين أخويكم واتقوا الله لعلكم ترحمون .فيه ثلاث مسائل :الأولى : قوله تعالى : إنما المؤمنون إخوة أي في الدين والحرمة لا في النسب ، ولهذا قيل : أخوة الدين أثبت من أخوة النسب ، فإن أخوة النسب تنقطع بمخالفة الدين ، وأخوة الدين لا تنقطع بمخالفة النسب . وفي الصحيحين عن أبي هريرة - رضي الله عنه - قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : لا تحاسدوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تجسسوا ولا تحسسوا ولا تناجشوا وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا . وفي رواية : لا تحاسدوا ولا تناجشوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تدابروا ولا يبع بعضكم على بيع بعض وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا ، المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يخذله ولا يحقره ، التقوى هاهنا - ويشير إلى صدره ثلاث مرات - بحسب امرئ من الشر أن يحقر أخاه المسلم ، كل المسلم على المسلم حرام دمه وماله وعرضه لفظ مسلم . وفي غير الصحيحين عن أبي هريرة قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يعيبه ولا يخذله ولا يتطاول عليه في البنيان فيستر عليه الريح إلا بإذنه ولا يؤذيه بقتار قدره إلا أن يغرف له غرفة ولا يشتري لبنيه الفاكهة فيخرجون بها إلى صبيان جاره ولا يطعمونهم منها . ثم قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : ( احفظوا ولا يحفظ منكم إلا قليل ) .[ ص: 293 ] الثانية : قوله تعالى : فأصلحوا بين أخويكم أي بين كل مسلمين تخاصما . وقيل : بين الأوس والخزرج ، على ما تقدم . وقال أبو علي : أراد بالأخوين الطائفتين ; لأن لفظ التثنية يرد والمراد به الكثرة ، كقوله تعالى : بل يداه مبسوطتان وقال أبو عبيدة : أي : أصلحوا بين كل أخوين ، فهو آت على الجميع . وقرأ ابن سيرين ونصر بن عاصم وأبو العالية والجحدري ويعقوب ( بين إخوتكم ) بالتاء على الجمع . وقرأ الحسن ( إخوانكم ) الباقون : أخويكم بالياء على التثنية .الثالثة : في هذه الآية والتي قبلها دليل على أن البغي لا يزيل اسم الإيمان ; لأن الله تعالى سماهم إخوة مؤمنين مع كونهم باغين . قال الحارث الأعور : سئل علي بن أبي طالب - رضي الله عنه - وهو القدوة عن قتال أهل البغي من أهل الجمل وصفين : أمشركون هم ؟ قال : لا ، من الشرك فروا . فقيل : أمنافقون ؟ قال : لا ; لأن المنافقين لا يذكرون الله إلا قليلا . قيل له : فما حالهم ؟ قال إخواننا بغوا علينا .

How should Muslims live and behave with each other? The short answer to this question is that they should live with each other as brothers. A religious relationship is in no way less important than a blood relationship. If two Muslims quarrel with each other, other Muslims should never add fuel to the fire. On the contrary, under the influence of brotherly feelings, they should make every effort to bring about a compromise between the two. If two Muslims quarrel with each other, one alternative is for other Muslims to adopt a neutral posture. If they do intervene, or their family or group cause them to take the side of their ‘own’ people and fight against the other ‘alien’ people, either course is contrary to Islamic principles. The right Islamic way is to investigate the real issue, and the one who is right should be supported and the one in the wrong should be compelled to accept a just solution to the problem. One who fears God can never relish the sight of people fighting with each other. In fact, he will be extremely uneasy at such a sight, and his true nature will compel him to make efforts to improve relations between the two parties. These are the people whose faith in God causes the opening of the door to God’s graces.

Linkage In the foregoing verses the rights of the Prophet were set out. They also laid down the mannerism in which he should be treated. The verses prohibited any act that would annoy or hurt him. Now this set of verses [ 9-10] establishes the manners, mores, injunctions, and mutual rights and obligations to be observed in individual and social life. The common value of all these rules is to avoid causing any inconvenience to the members of the society. Occasion of Revelation The commentators have narrated several incidents as a background of the revelation of these verses. Among them is the clash that took place between two Muslim groups. It is not inconceivable that the totality of these incidents might have been the occasion of revelation. It is also possible that one of these incidents has been the cause of revelation and the other incidents, being similar, were also termed as the occasion of revelation. Although the immediate addressees of this verse are rulers and those in authority who have the means to fight and wage war, [ as stated by Abu Hayyan in Al-Bahr and preferred by ` Alusi in Ruh-ul-Ma` ani ] all Muslims are addressed in this verse indirectly to assist those in authority in this matter. Where there is no leader, 'amir, king or president, the rule is that the two warring parties should be advised, as far as possible, to cease war. If this is not possible, common people are ordered to stay away from both warring groups: they should neither oppose nor aid any one of them. ] Bayan-ul-Qur’ an ]. 'Related Issues and Injunctions There are several forms of mutual fighting between two Muslim parties: [ 1] both parties are subjects of a Muslim government; [ 2] neither of the parties is the subject of a Muslim government; [ 3] one of the parties his the subject of a Muslim government, but not the other. In the first case, it is compulsory for common Muslims to bring about an understanding between them and try to stop the mutual fighting. If they do not cease fighting by negotiations, then it is imperative for the Muslim ruler to take measures against them. If both parties cease fighting by the intervention of the Islamic government, then the laws of retaliation, retribution and blood-wit will apply. If they do not cease, then both parties will be treated like rebels. If one of the parties withdrew and the other persisted in oppression and transgression, then the persistent group will be treated like a rebel group. The obedient group will be designated as 'Adil" (just). The detailed laws pertaining to rebels may be perused in books of Islamic law. Briefly, the law comprehends the following: Before fighting, their weapons must be seized and confiscated. Then they must be arrested and kept in prison until they repent. Neither in the course of fighting nor after fighting should their children be enslaved. Their wealth should not be treated like the spoils of war. In fact, their wealth will be held in trust until they repent. After repentance their belongings will be returned to them. In the above verses, we come across the following directive: فَإِن فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا '...So if it comes back, seek reconciliation between them with fairness, and maintain justice.' [ 49:9] It means that if the belligerent party ceases fighting, then do not only stop fighting but also think about eliminating the cause of war and mutual dissatisfaction, so that the heart-burnings may come to an end. All enmity and hostilities will thus cease and an atmosphere of brotherhood may prevail for all times to come. Since these people have fought against the Muslim ruler, it was possible that they would not be treated by him equitably. Therefore, the Qur'an lays stress on setting things right between them equitably and justly, so that the rights of no one are violated [ Adapted from Bayan-ul-Qur’ an with reference to Hidayah ]. Ruling If a very powerful group of Muslims revolts against the Muslim ruler, then it is necessary for the ruler to first hear out their complaint or cause of their dissatisfaction. If a doubt or a misunderstanding has arisen in their mind about some matter, it should be removed. If they show such cause on the basis of which it is permissible in Shari’ ah to oppose a Muslim leader or ruler, like unjust behavior on the part of the government, it is essential for the general body of Muslims to assist the group, so that the leader or ruler may refrain from his tyranny, provided that his tyranny is proved beyond any shadow of doubt (Ibn-ul-Humam; Mazhari). If they cannot show any clearly legitimate reason for their dissatisfaction, revolt, disobedience, and waging war against the Muslim ruler, it is permitted for Muslims to wage war against the rebels. Imam Shafi` i (رح) held that the Muslims should not initiate fight against the rebels unless they first start the fight [ Mazhari ]. This law applies when it is positively and unquestionably clear that the group is rebellious. However, if it is difficult to determine which group is rebellious and which is just, because each party has a valid Shari argument to justify its course of action, then the pros and cons of both parties may be weighed to determine the party that is "just" on the principle of probability. If the juristic argument of one party seems to someone more convincing, it is permitted for him to assist such a group. If someone cannot prefer the standpoint of any one of them, he should remain neutral, as it happened in the civil wars of the Battle of Camel and the Battle of Siffin when many noble Companions ؓ remained aloof. Conflicts of the Noble Companions ؓ Imam Abu Bakr Ibn-ul-` Arabi says that this verse of battle between Muslims covers all cases. It includes the case where both parties prepare for war on grounds of a principle of Shari’ ah. Civil wars of the noble Companions ؓ were of this nature. Qurtubi, quoting this view of Ibn-ul-` Arabi, explains the actual situation of the Battle of Camel and the Battle of Siffin and gives guidelines for later generations of Muslims to follow in the light of the battles of the blessed Companions ؓ . This author has dealt with this subject in "Ahkam-ul-Qur'an" in Arabic and his Urdu book "Maqame-Sahabah".The summary of the discussion given in that book with reference to Qurtubi (V.16, P.322) is as follows: It is not permitted to attribute categorically, and with certainty, to any of the Companions that he was absolutely wrong in his action, because each of them acted according to his own Ijtihad. Their objective was to seek the pleasure of Allah. The Companions ؓ are all our leaders, and it is enjoined upon us that we should hold back our tongue from talking about their mutual differences, and always speak the best things about them. Prophet's companionship is a highly honourable position which should not be violated. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has prohibited to revile them or talk bad about them, and informed us that they have been forgiven and that Allah is pleased with them. Besides, there is the Hadith regarding Sayyidna Talhah ؓ reaching us through several transmitting authorities that: انّ طلحہ شھید یمشی علی وجہ الارض "Talhah is a martyr walking on the face of the earth." If Sayyidna Talhah ؓ was committing a clear sin by going out to wage war against Sayyidna ` Ali, ؓ he could not attain the high status of a martyr. In the same way, if his act might be regarded as a failure to perform his duty on the basis of a clearly wrong interpretation, he would still not attain the status of martyrdom. Martyrdom is attained only when a person is killed in obedience of Allah. Therefore, it is necessary to construe the matter of the Companions ؓ in terms of the principle mentioned above. Another proof of this is available in authentic and well-established Ahaadith which are reported by Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ himself where the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: "The killer of Zubair is in Hell." Furthermore, Sayyidna ` Ali ؓ reports that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Give news to the killer of Sayyidah Safiyyah's ؓ عنہا son that he will be in Hell." In the light of this we need to believe that Sayyidna Zubair and Sayyidna Talhah ؓ were not sinners or disobedient to Allah in the position taken by them in the battle. Otherwise the Holy Prophet ﷺ would not have referred to Sayyidna Talhah ؓ as a martyr, nor would he predict about the killer of Zubair ؓ that he would be in Hell. Also, he is counted among the ten who were given the glad tidings of attaining Paradise. Traditions relating to this subject have almost reached the grade of continuity [ tawatur ] and the Traditions are referred to as ahadith mutawatir. Likewise the noble Companions ؓ ، who did not participate in the battles on either side, cannot be regarded as defaulters because their behaviour, conduct and attitude in this matter was also based on their ijtihad, and Allah maintained them thus. Therefore, it is not proper in any sense of the word to curse them, to taunt them, to hold them as sinners, and to neglect their virtues, their struggles and their great religious stations. Some of the scholars were posed the question: what is your view regarding the blood that was shed in the battles that took place among the blessed Companions ؓ ? They simply recited the following verse of the Qur'an: تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ ۖ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبْتُمْ ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ﴿134﴾ 'Those are a people who have passed away. For them what they earned, and for you what you earned. And you shall not be questioned as to what they have been doing. [ 2:134] ' The same question was posed to another scholar. He replied: "Allah saved my hands from being soiled with that blood. Now I will not soil my tongue with it." He meant that he does not wish to make the mistake of categorically adjudging any one of the groups as the defaulter. ` Allamah Ibn-Fuwarrak (رح) says: "Some of our colleagues feel that the example of the conflicts that took place between the noble Companions ؓ is like that of the episodes of conflict that occurred between Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) and his brothers. They, despite their mutual differences, did not lose their status of wilayah and nubuwwah. The same principle applies to the matter of conflicts that occurred between the Companions." Sayyidna Muhasibi (رح) says: "As far as this bloodshed is concerned, it is difficult for us to say anything because there was a difference of opinion in this regard among the noble Companions ؓ themselves." When Hasan Al-Basri (رح) was asked the question concerning the wars between the noble Companions ؓ ، he replied: "Those were fights in which the Companions were present and we were not. They knew all the circumstances and we do not know them. The matter in which the Companions are unanimous, we follow; and the matter in which there is difference of opinion, we observe silence." Sayyidna Muhasibi (رح) says: "We concur with Hasan Al-Basri (رح) . We know that when the noble Companions meddled in any matter, they knew fully well why they were doing it. Our task is merely to follow them where they are unanimous, and where they differ we observe silence. We should not on our own introduce new ideas. We are assured that they must have exercised ijtihad and sought the pleasure of Allah. Therefore, in matters of religion they are all beyond doubt."

(The believers are naught else than brothers) in religion. (Therefore make peace between your brethren) by means of the Book of Allah (and observe your duty to Allah) and fear Allah regarding that which He commands you regarding making peace (that haply ye may obtain mercy) and not be punished.

Making Peace between Disputing Muslims Allah commands making peace between Muslims that fight each other, وَإِن طَآئِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُواْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two parties among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both.) Therefore, Allah calls both opposing groups among Muslims, believers, although they are fighting each other. Al-Bukhari and other scholars relied on this Hadith as evidence that committing a sin does not nullify faith, no matter how major the sin is. This creed contradicts the creed of the Khawarij sect and those who accepted their idea, such as the Mu`tazilah sect. Al-Bukhari narrated that Al-Hasan said that Abu Bakrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a speech on the Minbar while Al-Hasan bin `Ali was with him. He was repeatedly looking at Al-Hasan and then at the people; then said, «إِنَّ ابْنِي هذَا سَيِّدٌ وَلَعَلَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ عَظِيمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِين» (Verily, this son of mine is a Sayyid (chief or master), and may Allah make peace between two great groups of Muslims through him.) What the Prophet said, occurred. Al-Hasan brought peace between the people of Ash-Sham and `Iraq, after they fought tremendous wars and frightening battles. Allah's statement, فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَـتِلُواْ الَّتِى تَبْغِى حَتَّى تَفِىءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ (But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah.) means, until the rebellious group refers to the commands of Allah and His Messenger for judgement and they listen to and obey the truth. There is a Hadith in the Sahih in which Anas states that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «انْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا» (Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or he is oppressed.) "I asked, `O Allah's Messenger! It is right that I help him if he is oppressed, but how should I help him if he is an oppressor' He said, «تَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ فَذَاكَ نَصْرُكَ إِيَّاه» (By preventing him from oppressing others; this is how you help him in this case.)" Sa`id bin Jubayr said that tribes of Aws and Khazraj once got in a scuffle using date tree branches and slippers. Allah revealed this honorable Ayah commanding them to make peace between them. As-Suddi said, "A man from Al-Ansar, whose name was `Imran, had a wife called Umm Zayd. She wanted to visit her family, but her husband prevented her from visiting them by locking her in an upper room. So, none of her family could visit or see her. She sent someone to her family. They came, took her down from the room and wanted to take her away. Her husband was absent at the time, so his family called on their people. Their cousins came to help prevent the wife from going with her family. A push and shove situation occurred that led to them fighting using slippers. This Ayah was then revealed in their case, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent someone to bring peace between them, and they both agreed to resort to the decision of Allah the Exalted." The statement of Allah the Exalted, next, فَإِن فَآءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.) means, be fair in your judgement regarding the dispute that occurred between them, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded, that `Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الرَّحْمنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمَا أَقْسَطُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا» (Verily, those who are equitable in this life, will be on podiums made of pearls before Ar-Rahman, the Exalted and Most Honored, on account of their fairness in this life.) An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith. Allah's statement, إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ (The believers are but a brotherhood.) means, all of them are brothers in Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَظْلِمُهُ وَلَا يُسْلِمُه» (The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim, he is not unjust with him nor does he forsake him.) In the Sahih, «وَاللهُ فِي عَوْنِ الْعَبْدِ مَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي عَوْنِ أَخِيه» (Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.) Also in the Sahih: «إِذَا دَعَا الْمُسْلِمُ لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ: آمِينَ وَلَكَ بِمِثْلِه» (If the Muslim invokes Allah for the benefit of his absent brother, the angel says afterwards, "Amin, and for you the same.") There are many Hadiths with this meaning, such as, in the Sahih, «مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي تَوَادِّهِمْ وَتَرَاحُمِهِمْ وَتَوَاصُلِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ الْجَسَدِ الْوَاحِدِ، إِذَا اشْتَكَى مِنْهُ عُضْوٌ تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَائِرُ الْجَسَدِ بِالْحُمَّى وَالسَّهَر» (The parable of the believers in relation to the kindness, mercy and compassion they have for each other, is that of the body: when an organ of it falls ill, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness.) And also in Sahih. «الْمُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ كَالْبُنْيَانِ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا» (A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other.) The Prophet then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced. Allah's statement, فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ (So make reconciliation between your brothers, ) refers to the two groups that fight each other, وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ (and have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs, لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (that you may receive mercy.) and this is a promise from Allah that He will grant mercy to those who fear and obey Him.