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لِّیُنذِرَ مَن كَانَ حَیࣰّا وَیَحِقَّ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ عَلَى ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ ۝٧٠
liyundhira man kāna ḥayyan wayaḥiqqa l-qawlu ʿalā l-kāfirīn
Ya Sin, Ya-Seen / Ya Sin (36:70)
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

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Abdel Haleem

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This is a revelation, an illuminating Quran to warn anyone who is truly alive, so that God’s verdict may be passed against the disbelievers
liyundhira man kāna ḥayyan wayaḥiqqa l-qawlu ʿalā l-kāfirīn

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Tafsir Commentary

Allah tells us that the longer the son of Adam lives, the more he becomes weak after being strong, and incapable after being able and active This is like the Ayah: اللَّهُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِّن ضَعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ ضَعْفٍ قُوَّةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ضَعْفاً وَشَيْبَةً يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْقَدِيرُ (Allah is He Who created you in (a state of) weakness, then gave you strength after weakness, then after strength gave weakness and gray hair. He creates what He wills. And it is He Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Powerful.) (30:54). And Allah says: وَمِنكُمْ مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلاَ يَعْلَمَ مِن بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئاً (And among you there is he who is brought back to the miserable old age, so that he knows nothing after having known) (22:5). The meaning here -- and Allah knows best -- is that Allah is telling us that this world is transient and will come to an end, it is not eternal and lasting. Allah says: أَفَلاَ يَعْقِلُونَ (Will they not then understand) meaning, will they not think about how they were created, then they become gray-haired, then they become old and senile, so that they may know that they were created for another world that is not transient and will not pass away, and from which there is no way out, which is the Hereafter. Allah does not teach His Messenger Poetry وَمَا عَلَّمْنَـهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنبَغِى لَهُ (And We have not taught him poetry, nor is it suitable for him.) Allah tells us that He has not taught His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ poetry. وَمَا يَنبَغِى لَهُ (nor is it suitable for him.) means, he did not know how to compose it, he did not like it and he had no natural inclination towards it. It was narrated that he never memorized a stanza of poetry with the correct meter or rhyme -- he would transpose words or memorize it incompletely. In Ad-Dala'il, Al-Bayhaqi recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Al-`Abbas bin Mirdas As-Sulami, may Allah be pleased with him: «أَنْتَ الْقَائِلُ: أَتَجْعَلُ نَهْبِي وَنَهْبَ الْعُبَيدِ بَيْنَ الْأَقْرَعِ وَعُيَيْنَة» (You are the one who said: "Do you distribute my booty and the booty of the servants between Al-Aqra` and `Uyainah.") He said, "It is `Uyainah and Al-Aqra`." He said: «الْكُلُّ سَوَاء» (It is all the same.) i.e., it means the same thing. And Allah knows best. This is because Allah taught him the Qur'an, which لاَّ يَأْتِيهِ الْبَـطِلُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلاَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِّنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ (Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it; sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.) (41:42). This is not poetry, as some of the ignorant disbelievers of the Quraysh claimed; neither is it sorcery, a fabrication or a magic spell, as the misguided and ignorant people variously suggested. The Prophet was naturally disinclined to compose verse, and was forbidden to do so by Divine Law. إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْءَانٌ مُّبِينٌ (This is only a Reminder and a plain Qur'an.) means, it is clear and self-explanatory to the one who ponders and comprehends its meanings, Allah says: لِّيُنذِرَ مَن كَانَ حَيّاً (That he or it may give warning to him who is living,) meaning, so that this plain Qur'an might warn every living person on the face of the earth. This is like the Ayat: لاٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ (that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19). وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ (but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place) (11:17). Those who will benefit from his warning will be those whose hearts are alive and who have enlightened insight, as Qatadah said, "Alive of heart and alive of insight." Ad-Dahhak said, "This means wise." وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ (and that Word may be justified against the disbelievers.) means, it is a mercy to the believers and evidence against the disbelievers.
that he may warn li-yundhira; or read li-tundhira ‘that you may warn’ therewith whoever is alive able to comprehend what is being said to him — and such are the believers — and that the Word of chastisement from God may be fulfilled against the disbelievers who are like the dead unable to comprehend what is said to them.
وما علَّمنا رسولنا محمدًا الشعر، وما ينبغي له أن يكون شاعرًا، ما هذا الذي جاء به إلا ذكر يتذكر به أولو الألباب، وقرآن بيِّن الدلالة على الحق والباطل، واضحة أحكامه وحِكَمه ومواعظه؛ لينذر مَن كان حيَّ القلب مستنير البصيرة، ويحق العذاب على الكافرين بالله؛ لأنهم قامت عليهم بالقرآن حجة الله البالغة.
ولهذا قال تعالى: "لينذر من كان حيا" أي لينذر هذا القرآن المبين كل حي على وجه الأرض كقوله "لأنذركم به ومن بلغ" وقال جل وعلا "ومن يكفر به من الأحزاب فالنار موعده" وإنما ينتفع بنذارته من هو حي القلب مستنير البصيرة كما قال قتادة حي القلب حي البصر وقال الضحاك يعني عاقلا "ويحق القول على الكافرين" أي هو رحمة للمؤمنين وحجة على الكافرين.
وقد أنزلناه على الرسول الكريم ( لينذر ) به ( مَن كَانَ حَيّاً ) .أى : من كان مؤمناً عاملاً ذا قلب حى ، ونفس نقية ، وأذن واعية ، لأن من كانت هذه صفاته انتفع بالإنذار والتذكير .( وَيَحِقَّ القول عَلَى الكافرين ) أى : أن من كان ذا قلب فإنه ينتفع بالإِنذار ، أما من كان مصراً على كفره وضلاله ، فإن كلمة العذاب قد حقت عليه ، وصارت نهايته الإِلقاء به فى جهنم وبئس القرار .وقد تكلم المفسرون هنا كلاما مفصلاً . عن كون القرآن ليس شعراً ، وكون الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ليس شاعراً ، وعلى رأسهم صاحب الكشاف فقد قال ما ملخصه : كانوا يقولون لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إنه شاعر . فرد عليهم بقوله : ( وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشعر ) أى : أن القرآن ليس بشعر ، وأن هو من الشعر . والشعر إنما هو كلام موزون مقفى يدل على معنى ، فأين الوزن؟ وأين التقفية؟وأين المعانى التى ينتحيها الشعراء من معانيه؟ وأين نظم كلامهم من نظمه وأساليبه . . .( وَمَا يَنبَغِي لَهُ ) أى : وما يصح له ، ولا يتطلبه إن طلبه ، أى : جعلناه بحيث لو أراد قرض الشعر لم يتأت له . ولم يتسهل كما جعلناه أميا . . لتكون الحجة أثبت ، والشبهة أدحض . . .فإن قلت : فقوله :أنا النبى لا كذب ... أنا ابن عبد المطلبقلت : ما هو إلا كلام من جنس كلامه صلى الله عليه وسلم الذى كان يرمى به على السليفة . من غير صنعة ولا تكلف ، إلا أنه اتفق ذلك من غير قصد إلى ذلك ، ولا التفات منه إذا جاء موزونا ، كما يتفق فى كثير من إنشاءات الناس فى خطبهم ورسائلهم ، أشياء موزونة ، ولا يسميها أحد شعرا ، ولا يخطر ببال السامع ولا المتكلم أنها شعر . . .
وقوله ( لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا ) يقول: إن محمد إلا ذكر لكم لينذر منكم أيها الناس من كان حي القلب، يعقل ما يقال له، ويفهم ما يُبين له، غير ميت الفؤاد بليد.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا أبو معاوية، عن رجل، عن أبي رَوْق، عن الضحاك، في قوله ( لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا ) قال: من كان عاقلا .حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا ) : حي القلب، حي البصر .قوله ( وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ ) يقول: ويحق العذاب على أهل الكفر بالله، المولِّين عن اتباعه، المعرضين عما أتاهم به من عند الله.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ ) بأعمالهم .
( لينذر ) قرأ أهل المدينة والشام ويعقوب " لتنذر " بالتاء ، وكذلك في الأحقاف ، وافق ابن كثير في الأحقاف أي : لتنذر يا محمد ، وقرأ الآخرون بالياء أي لينذر القرآن ( من كان حيا ) يعني : مؤمنا حي القلب ; لأن الكافر كالميت في أنه لا يتدبر ولا يتفكر ( ويحق القول ) ويجب حجة العذاب ) ( على الكافرين ) .
لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ (70)وقرأ نافع وابن عامر وأبو جعفر ويعقوب { لَتُنذِرَ } بتاء الخطاب على الالتفات من ضمير الغيبة في قوله : { عَلَّمْناهُ } إلى ضمير الخطاب . وقرأه الباقون بياء الغائب ، أي لينذر النبي الذي علمناه .والإِنذار : الإِعلام بأمر يجب التوقي منه .والحيّ : مستعار لكامل العقل وصائب الإِدراك ، وهذا تشبيه بليغ ، أي مَن كان مثل الحي في الفهم .والمقصود منه : التعريض بالمُعرِضين عن دلائل القرآن بأنهم كالأموات لا انتفاع لهم بعقولهم كقوله تعالى : { إنك لا تسمع الموتى ولا تسمع الصم الدعاء إذا ولوا مدبرين } [ النمل : 80 ] .وعطف { ويَحِقَّ القولُ على الكافِرِينَ } على { لِتُنذِرَ } عطفَ المجاز على الحقيقة لأن اللام النائب عنه واو العطف ليس لام تعليل ولكنه لام عاقبة كاللام في قوله تعالى : { فالتقطه آل فرعون ليكون لهم عدواً وحزناً } [ القصص : 8 ] . ففي الواو استعارة تبعية ، وهذا قريب من استعمال المشترك في معنييه . وفي هذه العاقبة احتباك إذ التقدير : لتنذر من كان حيّاً فيزداد حياة بامتثال الذكر فيفوز ومن كان ميتاً فلا ينتفع بالإِنذار فيحق عليه القول ، كما قال تعالى في أول السورة{ إنَّما تُنذِرُ مَن اتَّبَعَ الذِّكر وخَشِيَ الرحمن بالغيببِ فبشرْهُ بمغْفِرَةٍ وأجْرٍ كَرِيمٍ } [ يس : 11 ] ، فجمع له بين الإِنذار ابتداء والبشارة آخراً .و { القول } : هو الكلام الذي جاء بوعيد من لم ينتفعوا بإنذار الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلموالمراد بالكافرين : المستمرون على كفرهم وإلا فإن الإِنذار ورد للناس أول ما ورد وكلهم من الكافرين .وفي ذكر الإِنذار عوْد إلى ما ابتدئت به السورة من قوله : { لتنذر قوماً ما أُنذِرَ ءَاباؤُهم فهم غافِلُونَ } [ يس : 6 ] فهو كرد العجز على الصدر ، وبذلك تمّ مجال الاستدلال عليهم وإبطال شبههم وتخلص إلى الامتنان الآتي في قوله : { أوّلَمْ يَروا أنَّا خلقنا لهم مما عملت أيدينا أنعَاماً } [ يس : 71 ] إلى قوله : { أفلا يشكرون } [ يس : 73 ] .
قوله تعالى : لينذر من كان حيا أي حي القلب ، قال قتادة . الضحاك : عاقلا . وقيل : المعنى لتنذر من كان مؤمنا في علم الله . هذا على قراءة التاء خطابا للنبي - عليه السلام - ، وهي قراءة نافع وابن عامر . وقرأ الباقون بالياء على معنى لينذر الله - عز وجل - ، أو لينذر محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ، أو لينذر القرآن . وروي عن ابن السميقع " لينذر " بفتح الياء والذال . ويحق القول على الكافرين أي وتجب الحجة بالقرآن على الكفرة .
The miraculous literary style of the Quran also attracted listeners. The opponents of the Prophet used this to deride the importance of the Quran by referring to it as a poetic work and not a Divine Discourse. This was a baseless assertion. The extremely serious tone of the Quran; the unveiling of hidden facts; its teachings concerning the realisation of God; its rare unity of thought from the beginning till the end and the indescribable glimpses of God that it provides—all these firmly indicate that it is much more than a work of man-made poetry. The Quran’s veracity will be evident only to those whose souls are truly alive, and only such people will admit the Truth.
Commentary In the first verse cited here, it was said: وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ‌ وَمَا يَنبَغِي لَهُ (And We did not teach him poetry and it is not proper for him.) Since the deniers of the appearance of a prophet and messenger with a mission could not deny the unique effectiveness of the Qur'an and its ability to move hearts that was a matter of common experience, therefore, they invented convenient excuses. At times, they would call this Divine Word, some magic and the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، a magician. Then, on other occasions, they would say that this Word was poetry and he was a poet. By saying that, they wanted to prove that this unique effectiveness did not come out of the Divine Word as such, instead, they were either words of magic or sorcery that made an impression on hearts, or it is poetic speech for that too affects hearts. In this verse, Allah Ta’ ala said that He did not teach His prophet the art of poetry, nor was it appropriate to his station and saying that he was a poet, is false and wrong. Here, we have a question. Is it not that Arabs are a people who have poetry in their blood? Even their women and children would compose impromptu lines of poetry. They knew poetry and its reality. How could they say that the Qur'an was poetry and the Holy Prophet ﷺ was a poet? On what basis could this be because neither is the Qur'an restricted by the compulsion of poetic meter, nor of radif (the unchanging word that appears at the end of the hemistich) and qafiyah (the changing rhymed word that appears before the radif) anywhere in the text? Not even someone who is pathetically ignorant of the mores of poetry would think of calling this poetry. To answer this, it can be said that, essentially, poetry is composed of self-structured imaginary subjects, whether in poetry or prose. By calling the Qur'an, poetry and the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، a poet their purpose was to tell him that the Divine Word he claims to have brought, is no more than imaginary tales. Or, may be, they called him a poet in terms of the well recognized meaning of poetry with a certain congruity in mind, that is, the effect produced by the Qur'an is similar to the effect produced by poetic compositions. Quoting his own chain of authority, Imam Abu Bakr al-Jassas (رح) has reported that someone asked Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ if the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to recite some verse of poetry once in a while. To that, she said, "No, however, he once did recite a verse of Ibn Tarfah: ----۔ و یأتیک بالاخبار من لّم تزوّدِ ستبدی لک الایام ما کنت جاھلاً----- "The time will reveal to you that which you did not know, and the news will be brought to you by one whom you did not appoint to do so. But the holy Prophet ﷺ recited this as: وزن شعری in a manner that broke the poetic measure. Sayyidna Abu Bakr ؓ submitted, 'Ya RasulAllah, this verse is not like that.' He said, 'I am not a poet, nor is poetry appropriate for me." Ibn Kathir has reported this narration in his Tafsir, and at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'I and Imam Ahmad have also reported it. This tells us that he simply did not consider reciting verses of poetry composed by others as appropriate for him. That he would compose it himself was unthinkable. As for some sentences having the resonance of poetic measure reported from the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself, they did not issue forth from him with the intention of composing formal poetry. They were casual, and should some one or two lines issue forth from a person that fall into poetic measure, these do not make him a poet. But, from this natural condition of the Holy Prophet ﷺ that was based on great considerations of wisdom, it does not become necessary that poetry should be taken as blameworthy in any absolute sense - as explained under the details of injunctions relating to poetry in our commentary on verse 224 of Surah Ash-Shu` ara' (26) appearing at its end in Volume VI of Ma’ ariful-Qur'an, English. Those interested may see it there.
(To warn) so that Muhammad (pbuh) warns by means of the Qur'an (whosoever liveth) whoever has an intellect, (and that the word) enjoining wrath and punishment (may be fulfilled against the disbelievers) of Mecca such that they do not believe in Muhammad (pbuh) or in the Qur'an.