k-w-d

1 kaAda yafoEalu ka*aA * , (S, K, * &c,) [originally kawida ,] first pers. kidotu , accord. to the usage of most of the Arabs, (IKtt,) aor. yakaAdu , (S, K, &c.,) the form used by all the Arabs, (IKtt.) or yakuwdu [is also used, by some of those who make the pret. to be originally kawuda ], (Lth,) inf. n. kawodN (Lth, S, M, K, &c) and kaAdN (M, IKtt) and makaAdapN (Lth, S, M, K, &c.) and makaAdN ; (Lth, M, K;) and kaAda , originally kawuda , deviating from constant rule, (MF,) first pers. kudotu , (S, IKtt, MF,) in the dial. of the Benoo-'Adee, (MF,) mentioned by Sb as heard from some of the Arabs, (S,) aor. yakaAdu , (IKtt,) deviating from constant rule, (MF,) [and yakuwdu , mentioned above, agreeably with rule;] as also kaAda , (Msb, K, art. kyd ,) originally kayida , first pers. kidotu , aor. yakaAdu , (Msb, art. kyd ,) inf. n. kayodN ; (L, art. kyd ;) and kiyda , (S, K, &c.,) a form mentioned by Abu-l-Khattáb to Sb, as used by some of the Arabs, who in like manner said maA ziyla yafoEalu ka*aA , for kaAda and zaAla ; (S;) He was near to doing so; he nearly, well nigh, or almost, did so; he wanted but little of doing so; (Akh, S, M, K, &c.;) he purposed, or intended, doing so; (Lth, M, IKtt;) but did it not, [or did it not immediately ]. (Akh, S, K, &c.) kaAda is applied to signify the being near to doing a thing whether it be [afterwards] done or not done. (S.) Without a negative, it enunciates the negation of the action; and coupled with a negative, it enunciates the happening of the action. (S, K.) [This will be explained in the course of the following observations.] It is (as Es-Suyootee says in the Itkán) an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, of which only the pret. and aor. are used. It has a noun as the subject, in the nom. case; and an aor., [generally] without A^ano , as the predicate. (TA.) Sometimes they introduce A^ano after it, likening it to EasaY ; as, for ex., in the saying of Ru-beh, qado kaAda mino Tuwli AlbilaY A^ano yamoSaHaA [ It had nearly come to nought from length of wear ]. (S.) Used affirmatively, it is affirmative of the being near [to doing a thing, &c.]; and used negatively, it is negative thereof. It is a well-known opinion of many, that, used affirmatively, it is negative; and used negatively, it is affirmative: so that kaAda zayodN yafoEalu means [ Zeyd was near to doing; but ] he did not [or did not immediately ]; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur xvii. 75, where A_ino is a contraction of A_in~a ,] waA_ino kaAduwA layafotinuwnaka [ And verily they were near to seducing thee ]: and maA kaAda yafoEalu means [ He was not near to doing; but ] he did; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur ii. 66,] wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [ And they were not near to doing ( it ); but they afterwards did ( it )]. I'Ab is related to have said, that wherever kaAda and A^akaAdu and yakaAdu occur in the Kur-án, they denote a thing's never happening. Some say, that kaAda [with a negative] denotes an action's happening with difficulty. Some, again, say, that the pret. preceded by a negative is affirmative [of the action &c.]; as is shown by the expression wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [quoted above]: and that the aor. preceded by a negative is negative; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur xxiv, 40,] lamo yakado yaraAhaA [ He is not near to seeing it ]; meaning that he sees not anything: [though this phrase is said to bear a different meaning, which see below]. But the correct opinion is the one first mentioned; that, used affirmatively, it is affirmative [of the being near to do a thing &c.]; and used negatively, it is negative [thereof]: so that kaAda yafoEalu signifies He was near to doing; but did not [or did not immediately ]: and maA kaAda yafoEalu He was not near to doing; much less did he do [or do immediately ]; the denial of the action [or of the immediate performance of the action] being necessarily understood from the denial of the being near to do it. As to the expression in the Kur, wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [quoted above], it enunciates the state of the people to whom it relates in the beginning of their case; for they were far from sacrificing the cow; and the affirmation of the action is understood only from the [preceding] expression fa*abaHuwhaA . And as to the expression [in the Kur xvii. 76,] laqado kidt~a tarokanu A_ilayohimo [ Thou hadst certainly been near to inclining to them ], the Prophet's not inclining to them little or much is understood from lawolaA [preceding], which requires this inference. (TA.) [Often, however, or (as some say) generally, with a negative preceding or following it, it is affirmative of the action's happening, but only after difficulty, or delay.] Aboo-Bekr says, that maA kaAda fulaAnN yaquwmu means [ Such a one hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, rose; like lamo yakado yaquwmu , and kaAda laA yaquwmu ; waqado qaAma being understood; or] he rose after being slow, or tardy: (L:) and accord. to Az and others, maA kidotu A^afoEalu means [ I hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, did; or] I did after being slow, or tardy: but sometimes it means I was not near to doing. (Msb, art. kyd .) It is said, that kaAda is sometimes a [mere redundant] connective ( Silap ) of the members of a sentence; (Kutr, Akh, AHát, K;) as in lamo yakado yaraAhaA [quoted above], meaning, He does not see it: (K:) or this means he is not near to seeing it: or, as some say, he sees it after his having been not near to seeing it by reason of the intenseness of the darkness: [or he hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, sees it: ] and Fr says, with reference to the verse in which this phrase occurs, that it is allowable to say lamo yakado yaquwmu [meaning, He hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, rose ] when one has risen after difficulty. (TA.) [Thus it appears, that, maA kaAda yafoEalu and lamo yakado yafoEalu sometimes signify He hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, did: and sometimes, he was not near to doing; he never did; he did not at all: so that it may be rendered he hardly or scarcely, or nowise or in nowise or never, did: or he could hardly do, or he could not at all, or could not nearly, or he could nowise or in nowise, do. ] ― -b2- As asserts his having heard certain of the Arabs say, laA A^afoEalu *`lika walaA kawodFA [ I will not do that, nor will I be near to doing it ]. (S.) ― -b3- kaAda also signifies He desired; syn. A^araAda . (Akh, S, K.) So in the verse kaAdato wakidotu watiloka xayoru A_iraAdapK lawo EaAda mino lahowi AlS~abaAbapi maA maDaY [ She desired, and I desired; and that were the best of desire, if what hath passed, of the diverting delight of tender love, returned ]. (Akh, S.) So, too, in the saying in the Kur [xx. 15,] A^akaAdu A^uxofiyhaA I desire (S, K) to conceal it: or, to manifest it: (Beyd:) for, like as it is allowable to put A^uriydu in the place of A^akaAdu , as in the saying in the Kur [xviii. 76,] jidaArFA yuriydu A^ano yanoqaD~a , so it is to use AkAd [in the place of Aryd ]: Akh says, that the words of the verse in question mean I will conceal it, A^uxofiyhaA : and some say, that the meaning is I will manifest it: (TA:) but most hold, that AkAd should here be rendered in its original sense. (MF, TA.) Some of the Arabs make kAd to denote certainty; like Zan~a , which primarily denotes doubt, and secondarily certainty. (L, art. kyd .) ― -b4- Earafa maA yukaAdu minohu [is in like manner explained] He hath become acquainted with that which is desired of him. (S, K.) ― -b5- You say to him who seeks of you a thing, when you do not desire to give him it, laA walaA makaAdapa walaA maham~apa , (Lth, S, * L, K, *) and laA kawodFA walaA ham~FA , and laA makaAdFA walaA maham~FA , (Lth, L,) i. e. laA A^akaAdu walaA A^ahum~u [ No, nor do I desire, nor do I purpose, or intend ]. (Lth, L, K.) ― -b6- You also say, in the same sense, laA maham~apa liY walaA makaAdapa [ I have no purpose or intention, nor any desire ]. (S) ― -b7- See also kaAda in art. kyd .