مَا جَزَآءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوءًا
(What is the recompense (punishment) for him who intended an evil design against your wife...), in reference to illegal sexual intercourse,
إِلاَ أَن يُسْجَنَ
(except that he be put in prison)
أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(or a painful torment) tormented severely with painful beating. Yusuf did not stand idle, but he declared the truth and exonerated himself from the betrayal she accused him of,
قَالَ
(He Yusuf said), in truth and honesty,
هِىَ رَاوَدَتْنِى عَن نَّفْسِى
(It was she that sought to seduce me), and mentioned that she pursued him and pulled him towards her until she tore his shirt.
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ إِن كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِن قُبُلٍ
(And a witness of her household bore witness (saying): "If it be that his shirt is torn from the front..."), not from the back,
فَصَدَقَتْ
(then her tale is true) that he tried to commit an illegal sexual act with her. Had he called her to have sex with him and she refused, she would have pushed him away from her and tore his shirt from the front,
وَإِنْ كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِن دُبُرٍ فَكَذَبَتْ وَهُوَ مِن الصَّـدِقِينَ
(But if it be that his shirt is torn from the back, then she has told a lie and he is speaking the truth!) Had Yusuf run away from her, and this is what truly happened, and she set in his pursuit, she would have held to his shirt from the back to bring him back to her, thus tearing his shirt from the back. There is a difference of opinion over the age and gender of the witness mentioned here. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that,
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ
(and a witness of her household bore witness) "was a bearded man," meaning an adult male. Ath-Thawri reported that Jabir said that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Ibn `Abbas said, "He was from the king's entourage." Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others also said that the witness was an adult male. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement,
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ
(and a witness of her household bore witness) "He was a babe in the cradle. " Similar was reported from Abu Hurayrah, Hilal bin Yasaf, Al-Hasan, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim, that the witness was a young boy who lived in the `Aziz's house. Ibn Jarir At-Tabari preferred this view. Allah's statement,
فَلَمَّا رَأَى قَمِيصَهُ قُدَّ مِن دُبُرٍ
(So when he saw his Yusuf's shirt torn at the back,) indicates that when her husband became certain that Yusuf was telling the truth and that his wife was lying when she heralded the accusation of betrayal at Yusuf,
قَالَ إِنَّهُ مِن كَيْدِكُنَّ
(he said: "Surely, it is a plot of you women!...") He said, `This false accusation and staining the young man's reputation is but a plot of many that you, women, have,'
إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ
(Certainly mighty is your plot!) The `Aziz ordered Yusuf, peace be upon him, to be discrete about what happened,
يُوسُفُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَـذَا
(O Yusuf ! Turn away from this!), do not mention to anyone what has happened,
وَاسْتَغْفِرِى لِذَنبِكِ
(And ask forgiveness for your sin, ) addressing his wife. The `Aziz was an easy man, or gave excuse to his wife because she saw in Yusuf an appeal she could not resist. He said to her, `Ask forgiveness for your sin, the evil desire that you wanted to satisfy with this young man, and then inventing false accusations about him,'
إِنَّكِ كُنتِ مِنَ الْخَـطِئِينَ
(verily, you were of the sinful.)
And they raced to the door Joseph making for it in order to escape while she in order to grab hold of him caught hold of his garment and pulled him towards her and she tore his shirt from behind whereupon they encountered her master her husband at the door. She composed herself and then said ‘What is to be the requital of him who intends evil who intends fornication against your folk but that he should be imprisoned locked up in a jail or suffer a painful chastisement?’ by having him beaten.
As for His words, whereupon they encountered her master at the door, this is an allusion to the emergence of the light of the spirit upon the heart's turning to it by means of remembering the rational proof and the coming upon it [the heart] of the holy inrush, its attempt to make the soul subordinate to itself while it struggled to draw it down to its [lower] aspect and the mastery acquired [by the light] over the heart then over the soul by means of this [holy inrush]. As for her statement, 'What is to be the requital of him who desires evil against your folk: this is an intimation that the soul insinuates its individual desires in the form of its rational best interests and adorns them such that its corruption is confounded with its rational best interests which [interests] the intellect is obliged to be mindful of, to uphold and to meet [the soul] with. Its [the intellect's] contravention of it [the soul] with regard to these [desires] is the desiring of evil against her [the soul] and [the desiring] of repulsive qualities by virtuous ones, which pertain to matters of everyday life, such as the conniving of women against men and the inclining of the heart to the upper aspect through its [the soul's] false words and claims.As regards the witness from her own folk, it is said that he was a paternal cousin of hers, that is to say, reflection (fikr) which knows that the corruption that afflicts character traits and deeds only comes about because of the soul and its mastery. For, were it to come from the direction of the heart and from the latter's inclination to the soul, then that [corruption] would afflict belief and resolve, and not simply deeds. It is also said that he was a maternal cousin of hers, that is to say, corporeal nature which acts as an indicator of the lower inclination in the soul, that [inclination] which attracts the heart from the direction of the breast and which pursues activities in the earth of the body. His consenting [with Joseph] and his apprising of the spirit by the light of guidance of the fact that the defect lay in the deed and not in the belief or resolve [of Joseph], which [defect] can only arise from the ego-centric provocation of the soul, is the significance of His words:
As for His words, whereupon they encountered her master at the door, this is an allusion to the emergence of the light of the spirit upon the heart's turning to it by means of remembering the rational proof and the coming upon it [the heart] of the holy inrush, its attempt to make the soul subordinate to itself while it struggled to draw it down to its [lower] aspect and the mastery acquired [by the light] over the heart then over the soul by means of this [holy inrush]. As for her statement, 'What is to be the requital of him who desires evil against your folk: this is an intimation that the soul insinuates its individual desires in the form of its rational best interests and adorns them such that its corruption is confounded with its rational best interests which [interests] the intellect is obliged to be mindful of, to uphold and to meet [the soul] with. Its [the intellect's] contravention of it [the soul] with regard to these [desires] is the desiring of evil against her [the soul] and [the desiring] of repulsive qualities by virtuous ones, which pertain to matters of everyday life, such as the conniving of women against men and the inclining of the heart to the upper aspect through its [the soul's] false words and claims.As regards the witness from her own folk, it is said that he was a paternal cousin of hers, that is to say, reflection (fikr) which knows that the corruption that afflicts character traits and deeds only comes about because of the soul and its mastery. For, were it to come from the direction of the heart and from the latter's inclination to the soul, then that [corruption] would afflict belief and resolve, and not simply deeds. It is also said that he was a maternal cousin of hers, that is to say, corporeal nature which acts as an indicator of the lower inclination in the soul, that [inclination] which attracts the heart from the direction of the breast and which pursues activities in the earth of the body. His consenting [with Joseph] and his apprising of the spirit by the light of guidance of the fact that the defect lay in the deed and not in the belief or resolve [of Joseph], which [defect] can only arise from the ego-centric provocation of the soul, is the significance of His words:
وأسرع يوسف إلى الباب يريد الخروج، وأسرعت تحاول الإمساك به، وجذبت قميصه من خلفه؛ لتحول بينه وبين الخروج فشقَّته، ووجدا زوجها عند الباب فقالت: ما جزاء مَن أراد بامرأتك فاحشة إلا أن يسجن أو يعذب العذاب الموجع.
يخبر تعالى عن حالهما حين خرجا يستبقا إلى الباب يوسف هارب والمرأة تطلبه ليرجع إلى البيت فلحقته في أثناء ذلك فأمسكت بقميصه من ورائه فقدته قدا فظيعا يقال إنه سقط عنه واستمر يوسف هاربا ذاهبا وهي في إثره فألفيا سيدها وهو زوجها عند الباب فعند ذلك خرجت مما هي فيه بمكرها وكيدها وقالت لزوجها متنصلة وقاذفة يوسف بدائها " ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءا " أي فاحشة " إلا أن يسجن " أي يحبس " أو عذاب أليم " أي يضرب ضربا شديدا موجعا فعند ذلك انتصر يوسف عليه السلام بالحق وتبرأ مما رمته به من الخيانة.
وقوله - سبحانه - ( واستبقا الباب . . . ) متصل بقوله - سبحانه - قبل ذلك ( وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِ . . . ) وقوله ( كَذَلِكَ لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السواء والفحشآء . . . ) اعتراض جئ به بين المتعاطفين تقريرا لنزاهته .وقوله ( واستبقا . . ) من الاستباق وهو افتعال من السبق بمعنى أن كل واحد منهما يحالو أن يكون هو السابق إلى الباب .ووجه تسابقهما : أن يوسف - عليه السلام - أسرع بالفرار من أمامها إلى الباب هروبا من الفاحشة التى طلبتها منه . وهى أسرعت خلفه لتمنعه من الوصول إلى الباب ومن الخروج منه .وأفرد - سبحانه - الباب هنا ، وجمعه فيما تقدم ، لأن المراد به هنا الباب الخارجى ، الذى يخلص منه يوسف إلى خارج الدار ، وهو منصوب هنا على نزع الخافض أى : واستبقا إلى الباب .وجملة ( وَقَدَّتْ قَمِيصَهُ مِن دُبُرٍ ) حالية ، والقد : القطع والشق ، وأكثر استعماله فى الشق والقطع الذى يكون طولا ، وهو المراد هن ، لأن الغالب أنها جذبته من الخلف وهو يجرى أمامها فانخرق القميص إلى أسفله .وقوله : ( وَأَلْفَيَا سَيِّدَهَا لَدَى الباب ) أى : وصادفا ووجدا زوجها عند الباب الذى تسابقا للوصول إليه .قالوا : والتعبير عن الزوج بالسيد ، كان عادة من عادات القوم فى ذلك الوقت ، فعبر عنه القرآن بذلك حكاية لدقائق ما كان متبعا فى التاريخ القديم .وقال - سبحانه - ( وَأَلْفَيَا سَيِّدَهَا ) لأن ملك العزيز ليوسف - عليه السلام - لم يكن ملكا صحيحا ، فيوسف ليس رقيقا يباع ويشترى ، وإنما هو الكريم ابن الكريم ابن الكريم ، وبيع السيارة له ، إنما كان على سبيل التخلص منه بعد أن التقطوه من الجب .وقوله - سبحانه - ( قَالَتْ مَا جَزَآءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سواءا إِلاَّ أَن يُسْجَنَ أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) حكاية لما قالته لزوجها عندما فوجئت به عند الباب وهى تسرع وراء يوسف .أى قالت تلك المرأة لزوجها عندما فوجئت به لدى الباب : ليس من جزاء لمن أراد بأهلك - تعنى نفسها - سوءا ، أى ما يسوءك ويؤلمك ، إلا أن يسجن ، عقوبة له ، أو أن يعذب عذابا أليما عن طريق الضرب أو الجلد ، لتجاوزه الحدود ، واعتدائه على أهلك .وهذه الجملة الكريمة التى حكاها القرآن الكريم عنها ، تدل على أن تلك المرأة كانت فى نهاية المكر والدهاء والتحكم فى إرادة زوجها . . .ورحم الله الآلوسى فقد علق على قولها ها الذى حكاه القرآن عنها بقوله ما ملخصه : " ولقد آتت - تلك المرأة - فى هذه الحالة التى يدهش فيها الفطن اللوذعى - حيث شاهدها زوجها على تلك الحالة المريبة - بحيلة جمعت فيها غرضيها ، وهما تبرئة ساحتها مما يلوح من ظاهر حالها ، واستنزال يوسف عن رأيه فى استعصائه عليها ، وعدم طاعته لها ، بإلقاء الرعب فى قلبه . . .ولم تصرح بالاسم ، بل أتت بلفظ عام ( مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سواءا . . . ) تهويلا للأمر ، ومبالغة فى التخويف ، كأن ذلك قانون مطرد فى حق كل من أراد بأهله سوءاً .وذكرت نفسها بعنوان أهلية العزيز ، إعظاما للخطب . . .ثم إن حبها الشديد ليوسف - عليه السلام - حملها على أن تبدأ بذكرالسجن ، وتؤخر ذكر العذاب لأن المحب لا يسعى فى إيلام المحبوب ، لا سيما أن قولها : " إلا أن يسجن .. . قد يكون المراد منه السجن لمدة يوم أو يومين . . . " .والحق أن هذه الجملة التى حكاها القرآن عنها ، تدل على اكتمال قدرتها على المكر والدهاء - كما سبق أن أشرنا - ومن مظاهر ذلك ، محاولتها إيهام زوجها بأن يوسف قد اعتدى عليها بما يسؤوها ويسوؤه ، ولكن بدون تصريح بهذا العدوان - شأن العاشق مع معشوقه - حتى لا يسعى زوجها فى التخلص منه ببيعه - مثلا - .وفى الوقت نفسه إفهام يوسف عن طريق مباشر ، بأن أمره بيدها لا بيد زوجها ، وأنها هى الآمرة الناهية ، فعليه أن يخضع لما تريده منه ، وإلا فالسجن أو العذاب الأليم هو مصيره المحتوم .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ وَقَدَّتْ قَمِيصَهُ مِنْ دُبُرٍ وَأَلْفَيَا سَيِّدَهَا لَدَى الْبَابِ قَالَتْ مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوءًا إِلا أَنْ يُسْجَنَ أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (25)قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه: واستبق يوسف وامرأة العزيز بابَ البيت، (38) أما يوسف ففرارًا من ركوب الفاحشة لما رأى برهان ربه فزجره عنها، وأما المرأة فطلبها ليوسف لتقضي حاجتها منه التي راودته عليها , فأدركته فتعلقت بقميصه , فجذبته إليها مانعةً له من الخروج من الباب، , فقدَّته من دبر ، يعني: شقته من خلف لا من قدام، (39) لأن يوسف كان هو الهارب، وكانت هي الطالبة، كما: -19091 - حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى , قال: حدثنا محمد بن ثور , عن &; 16-51 &; معمر , عن قتادة: (واستبقا الباب) ، قال: استبق هو والمرأة الباب ,(وقدت قميصه من دبر).19092 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال: حدثنا سلمة , عن ابن إسحاق , قال: لما رأى برهان ربه , انكشفَ عنها هاربًا , واتبعته , فأخذت قميصه من دبر، فشقَّته عليه.* * *وقوله: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، يقول جل ثناؤه: وصادفا سيدها (40) ، وهو زوج المرأة (41) ، " لدى الباب " , يعني: عند الباب (42) . كالذي: -19093 - حدثني الحارث , قال: حدثنا عبد العزيز , قال: حدثنا الثوري , عن رجل , عن مجاهد: (وألفيا سيدها) ، قال: سيدها: زوجها ، ,(لدى الباب) ، قال: عند الباب.19094 - حدثني المثنى , قال: حدثنا إسحاق , قال: حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد , عن أشعث , عن الحسن , عن زيد بن ثابت , قال ": السيد "، الزوج.19095 - حدثنا بشر , قال: حدثنا يزيد , قال: حدثنا سعيد , عن قتادة , قوله: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، أي: عند الباب.19096 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال: حدثنا عمرو بن محمد , عن أسباط , عن السدي: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، قال: جالسًا عند الباب وابن عمّها معه، فلما رأته قالت: ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا؟ إنه راودني عن نفسي , فدفعته عن نفسي , فشققت قميصه. قال يوسف: بل هي راودتني عن نفسي , وفررت منها فأدركتني , فشقت قميصي. فقال ابن عمها: تِبْيان هذا في القميص , &; 16-52 &; فإن كان القميص , قدّ من قُبُل فصدقت وهو من الكاذبين , وإن كان قميصه قدّ من دبر فكذبت وهو من الصادقين . فأتي بالقميص , فوجده قدّ من دبر قال: إِنَّهُ مِنْ كَيْدِكُنَّ إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ * يُوسُفُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا وَاسْتَغْفِرِي لِذَنْبِكِ إِنَّكِ كُنْتِ مِنَ الْخَاطِئِينَ .19097 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال: حدثنا سلمة , عن ابن إسحاق: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، إطفير، قائمًا على باب البيت، فقالت وهابَتْه: (ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليم) ولطخته مكانها بالسيئة، فَرَقًا من أن يتهمها صاحبُها على القبيح. فقال هو , وصَدقه الحديث: هِيَ رَاوَدَتْنِي عَنْ نَفْسِي .* * *وقوله: (قالت ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا) يقول تعالى ذكره: قالت امرأة العزيز لزوجها لما ألفياه عند الباب , فخافت أن يتهمها بالفجور: ما ثواب رجل أرادَ بامرأتك الزنا إلا أن يسجن في السجن، (43) أو إلا عذاب أليم ، يقول: موجع.* * *وإنما قال: (إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليم) ، لأن قوله: (إلا أن يسجن) ، بمعنى إلا السجن , فعطف " العذاب " عليه ; وذلك أن " أن " وما عملت فيه بمنـزلة الاسم.----------------------الهوامش:(38) انظر تفسير" الاستباق" فيما سلف 15 : 577 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك .(39) انظر تفسير" الدبر" فيما سلف 14 : 15 ، تعليق : 4 ، والمراجع هناك .(40) انظر تفسير" ألفى" فيما سلف 3 : 306 ، 307 .(41) انظر تفسير" السيد" فيما سلف 6 : 374 .(42) انظر تفسير" لدى فيما سلف 6 : 407 .(43) انظر تفسير" الجزاء" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( جزى ) .
( واستبقا الباب ) وذلك أن يوسف لما رأى البرهان قام مبادرا إلى باب البيت هاربا ، وتبعته المرأة لتمسك الباب حتى لا يخرج يوسف فسبق يوسف وأدركته المرأة ، فتعلقت بقميصه من خلفه ، فجذبته إليها حتى لا يخرج .( وقدت قميصه ) أي : فشقته ( من دبر ) أي : من خلف ، فلما خرجا لقيا العزيز وهو قوله :( وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب ) أي : وجدا زوج المرأة قطفير عند الباب جالسا مع ابن عم لراعيل فلما رأته هابته ، و ( قالت ) سابقة بالقول لزوجها ( ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءا ) يعني : الزنا ، ثم خافت عليه أن يقتله ، فقالت : ( إلا أن يسجن ) أي : يحبس ( أو عذاب أليم ) أي : ضرب بالسياط ، فلما سمع يوسف مقالتها .
والاستباق : افتعال من السبْق . وتقدم آنفاً ، وهو هنا إشارة إلى تكلفهما السبق ، أي أن كل واحد منهما يحاول أن يكون هو السابق إلى الباب .وانتصب { الباب } على نزع الخافض . وأصله : واستبقا إلى الباب ، مثل { واختار موسى قومَه سبعين رجلاً } [ سورة الأعراف : 155 ] ، أي من قومه ، أو على تضمين استبقا } معنى ابتدرا .والتعريف في ( الباب ) تعريف الجنس إذ كانت عدة أبواب مغلقة . وذلك أن يوسف عليه السّلام فرّ من مراودتها إلى الباب يريد فتحه والخروج وهي تريد أن تسبقه إلى الباب لتمنعه من فتحه .وجملة { وقدّت قميصه } في موضع الحال . و { قدت } أي قطعت ، أي قطعت منه قداً ، وذلك قبل الاستباق لا محالة . لأنه لو كان تمزيق القميص في حال الاستباق لم تكن فيه قرينة على صدق يوسف عليه السّلام أنها راودته ، إذ لا يدل التمزيق في حال الاستباق على أكثر من أن يوسف عليه السّلام سبقها مسرعاً إلى الباب ، فدل على أنها أمسكته من قميصه حين أعرض عنها تريد إكراهه على ما راودته فجذب نفسه فتخرق القميص من شدة الجذبة . وكان قطع القميص من دبر لأنه كان مولياً عنها معْرضاً فأمسكته منه لرده عن إعراضه .وقد أبدع إيجاز الآية في جمع هذه المعاني تحت جملة { استبقا الباب وقَدت قميصه }.وصادف أن ألفيا سيدها ، أي زوجها ، وهو العزيز ، عند الباب الخارجي يريد الدخول إلى البيت من الباب الخارجي . وإطلاق السيد على الزوج قيل : إن القرآن حكى به عادة القبط حينئذٍ ، كانوا يدعون الزوج سيداً . والظاهر أنه لم يكن ذلك مستعملاً في عادة العرب ، فالتعبير به هنا من دقائق التاريخ مثل قوله الآتي { ما كان ليأخذ أخاه في دين الملك } [ سورة يوسف : 76 ]. ولعل الزواج في مصر في ذلك العهد كان بطريق الملك غالباً . وقد علم من الكلام أن يوسف عليه السّلام فتح الأبواب التي غَلّقتها زليخا باباً باباً حتى بلغ الخارجي ، كل ذلك في حال استبَاقهما ، وهو إيجاز .والإلفاء : وجدان شيء على حالة خاصة من غير سعي لوجدانه ، فالأكثر أن يكون مفاجئاً ، أو حاصلاً عن جهل بأول حصول ، كقوله تعالى : { قالوا بل نتبع ما ألفينا عليه آباءنا } [ سورة البقرة : 170 ].وجملة { قالت ما جزاء } الخ مستأنفة بيانياً ، لأن السامع يسأل : ماذا حدث عند مفاجأة سيدها وهما في تلك الحالة .وابتدرته بالكلام إمعاناً في البهتان بحيث لم تتلعثم ، تخيل له أنها على الحق ، وأفرغت الكلام في قالب كلي ليأخذ صيغة القانون ، وليكون قاعدة لا يعرف المقصود منها فلا يسع المخاطب إلا الإقرار لها . ولعلها كانت تخشى أن تكون محبة العزيز ليوسف عليه السّلام مانعة له من عقابه ، فأفرغت كلامها في قالب كلي . وكانت تريد بذلك أن لا يشعر زوجها بأنها تهوى غير سيدها ، وأن تخيف يوسف عليه السّلام من كيدها لئلا يمتنع منها مرة أخرى .ورددت يوسف عليه السّلام بين صنفين من العقاب ، وهما : السجن ، أي الحبس . وكان الحبس عقاباً قديماً في ذلك العصر ، واستمر إلى زمن موسى عليه السّلام ، فقد قال فرعون لموسى عليه السّلام : { لئن اتخذت إلهاً غيري لأجعلنك من المسجونين } [ سورة الشعراء : 29 ].وأما العذاب فهو أنواع ، وهو عقاب أقدمُ في اصطلاح البشر . ومنه الضرب والإيلام بالنار وبقطع الأعضاء . وسيأتي ذكر السجن في هذه السورة مراراً .
ولما امتنع من إجابة طلبها بعد المراودة الشديدة، ذهب ليهرب عنها ويبادر إلى الخروج من الباب ليتخلص، ويهرب من الفتنة، فبادرت إليه، وتعلقت بثوبه، فشقت قميصه، فلما وصلا إلى الباب في تلك الحال، ألفيا سيدها، أي: زوجها لدى الباب، فرأى أمرا شق عليه، فبادرت إلى الكذب، أن المراودة قد كانت من يوسف، وقالت: { مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوءًا } ولم تقل "من فعل بأهلك سوءا"" تبرئة لها وتبرئة له أيضا من الفعل. وإنما النزاع عند الإرادة والمراودة { إِلَّا أَنْ يُسْجَنَ أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ } أي: أو يعذب عذابا أليما."
قوله تعالى : واستبقا الباب وقدت قميصه من دبر وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب قالت ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءا إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليمقوله تعالى : واستبقا الباب وقدت قميصه من دبر فيه مسألتان :الأولى : قوله تعالى : واستبقا الباب قالت العلماء : وهذا من اختصار القرآن المعجز الذي يجتمع فيه المعاني ; وذلك أنه لما رأى برهان ربه هرب منها فتعاديا ، هي لترده إلى نفسها ، وهو ليهرب عنها ، فأدركته قبل أن يخرج .وقدت قميصه من دبر أي من خلفه ; قبضت في أعلى قميصه فتخرق القميص عند طوقه ، ونزل التخريق إلى أسفل القميص . والاستباق طلب السبق إلى الشيء ; ومنه السباق . والقد القطع ، وأكثر ما يستعمل فيما كان طولا ; قال النابغة :تقد السلوقي المضاعف نسجه وتوقد بالصفاح نار الحباحبوالقط بالطاء يستعمل فيما كان عرضا . وقال المفضل بن حرب : قرأت في مصحف " فلما رأى قميصه عط من دبره " أي شق . قال يعقوب : العط الشق في الجلد الصحيح والثوب الصحيح .وحذفت الألف من استبقا في اللفظ لسكونها وسكون اللام بعدها ; كما يقال : جاءني عبد الله في التثنية ; ومن العرب من يقول : جاءني عبدا الله بإثبات الألف بغير همز ، يجمع بين ساكنين ; لأن الثاني مدغم ، والأول حرف مد ولين . ومنهم من يقول : عبدا الله بإثبات الألف والهمز ، كما تقول في الوقف .الثانية : في الآية دليل على القياس والاعتبار ، والعمل بالعرف والعادة ; لما ذكر من قد القميص مقبلا ومدبرا ، وهذا أمر انفرد به المالكية في كتبهم ; وذلك أن القميص إذا جبذ من خلف تمزق من تلك الجهة ، وإذا جبذ من قدام تمزق من تلك الجهة ، وهذا هو الأغلب .قوله تعالى : وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب أي وجدا العزيز عند الباب ، وعني بالسيد الزوج ، والقبط يسمون الزوج سيدا . يقال : ألفاه وصادفه ووارطه ووالطه ولاطه كله بمعنى واحد ;فلما رأت زوجها طلبت وجها للحيلة وكادت ف قالت ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءا [ ص: 151 ] أي زنى .إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليم تقول : يضرب ضربا وجيعا . و " ما جزاء " ابتداء ، وخبره " أن يسجن " . " أو عذاب " عطف على موضع " أن يسجن " لأن المعنى : إلا السجن . ويجوز أو عذابا أليما بمعنى : أو يعذب عذابا أليما ; قاله الكسائي .
Joseph ran towards the door to save himself and Zulaykha also ran after him and caught hold of his shirt from behind. In this chaos the back of his shirt was torn. However, Joseph was able to open the door and came out. It so happened that Zulaykha’s husband was there outside the door. On seeing him, Zulaykha put all the blame on Joseph. She did not hesitate to make a false accusation against a person for whom she had been professing love only a moment earlier. Joseph said that the matter was entirely the opposite of what Zulaykha claimed. Now the question was to decide as to who was in the wrong. No third person was present on this occasion who could have been an eyewitness. At that time a wise person of the household offered good advice. (In all probability this person was already aware of the situation. Moreover, he might have already seen that Joseph’s shirt was torn from behind and not from in front.) He told all those concerned that, in the absence of an eyewitness, circumstantial evidence should be relied upon and the circumstantial evidence was that Joseph’s shirt was a clear proof of the fact that in this case it was not Joseph, but Zulaykha who had made improper advances.
Commentary
Described in the previous verses was the time when the wife of the Aziz of Misr was busy enticing Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) into sin, and he, on his part, was trying to stay away from it. But, there was the natural struggle with that non-voluntary thought too. So, to help his honourable prophet, Allah Ta ala showed a miracle, made something appear before him which drove even that thought out from his heart - whether that ` thing' be the face of his father, Sayyidna Ya` qub (علیہ السلام) ، or some verse out of the Divine revelation.
Told in the present verse (25) is that Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ، once he saw this ` proof from his Lord,' ran away from that. private enclave and dashed for the door to get out from there. The wife of the ` Aziz of Misr ran after him to hold him back and, by grabbing his shirt, she tried to stop him from getting out. But, when he did not stop - being determined not to - the shirt was torn from behind him. However, Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) did come out of the door, and so did Zulaikha behind him. Historical accounts mention that the door was locked from the inside. When Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ran and reached the door, this lock opened up by itself and dropped down.
When they both came out of the door, they saw the ` Aziz of Misr standing face to face. His wife was unnerved. In order to wriggle out of the awkward situation, and to put the blame on Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ، she said: at can be the punishment of the one who intended evil with your wife except that he be imprisoned, or (given) a painful chastisement?
Injunctions and Rulings
The following rules and guiding principles have been deduced from the verses cited above:
1. From verse 25 beginning with the words: وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ (And they raced towards the door ... ), we learn that a place where there is a danger of getting involved in sin must be abandoned outright - as was practically demonstrated by Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) by running away from there.
2. In matters requiring obedience to Divine injunctions, one should not, to the best of one's ability, let his efforts in that direction taper off - even if a tangible result from them does not seem to be coming out. Results rest in the hands of Allah Ta` ala. One's job is to channel and devote his or her effort and ability in the way of Allah - and proving one's iden-tity as a servant of Allah is the purpose. This is what was done by Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) . All doors were closed, even locked, as reported in historical narrations. Yet, he spent out his maximum strength in running towards the door. In a situation like that, help and support from Allah jalla thana'uh is witnessed frequently when a servant of Allah has done his best, it transpires that He would also arrange the causes for His servant to succeed. However, should the situation be otherwise and one fails to achieve formal success as we know it, then, for a devoted servant of Allah, even this failure is no less than success (for this is the preference of his Lord).
It is said about a righteous elder confined to prison that he would, on every Friday take his bath, wash his clothes, get ready for Jumu'ah prayer, walk upto the door of the prison, and once there, he would say: ` Ya Allah, this much was what was within my power. at is beyond that is in Your control.' Who knows, given the limitless mercy of Allah Ta ala, his spiritual yearning would have caused the prison gate to open with the command of Allah and he would have been enabled to perform the Salah of Jumu'ah. But, Allah, in His wisdom, bestowed upon this righteous devotee such high spiritual station as would pale out a thousand workings of the supernatural (karamah). The gate of the prison did not open be-cause of his continuous effort to offer his Salah of Jumu'ah. But, he did not lose heart. He kept doing the same thing every Jumu'ah. This is spiritual fortitude called by Sufi masters as superior to Karamah.
3. It stands proved (from verse 26) that, should a person be accused falsely by someone, speaking out in defence is the way of the prophets (the Sunnah of the Anbiya' ). Remaining silent at that time, and letting oneself be declared to be a criminal, is no act of piety or trust in Allah (tawakkul).
4. The fourth problem concerns the word:..~a (shahid) (in verse 26). When this word is used in common juristic matters and cases, it denotes a person who relates an event as seen by him in a disputed case. In this verse, the person who has been referred to by the word, ` shahid,' has not related any event, or any personal observation about it - instead of that, what has been hinted at is a sort of device to arrive at a decision. Techni-cally, that could not be called a ` shahid' or witness.
But, it is obvious that all these terms have been employed by later scholars and jurists for the convenience of understanding and teaching. They are neither the terms of the Holy Qur’ an, nor is it bound by them. The Holy Qur’ an has called this person a ` shahid' (witness) in the sense that the way the statement of a ` witness makes it easy for a judge to arrive at a decision, and proves that one of the parties in the case is in the right, the same benefit became available through the statement of this child. Initially, his miraculous speech itself was sufficient proof to absolve Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) from the blame. Then, there were the signs given by him. In the ultimate analysis, they too are nothing but the proof of the absolvement of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) from the blame. There-fore, saying that he appeared as a witness in favour of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) will be correct - though, he did not declare Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) to be true, rather, had mentioned both probabilities. And, in addition to that, he had even supposedly taken Zulaikha to be true in a situation in which the likelihood of her being true was not certain - in fact, there existed the other probability too, because the possibility of the shirt being torn from the front existed in both situations. And then, he had admitted the truthfulness of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) only in a situation wherein there could have been no other probability other than this. But, finally, the outcome of this strategy was but to prove the innocence of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) .
5. In arriving at judgments of disputed cases, circumstantial evidence can be taken into consideration - as was demonstrated here when this ` shahid' declared that the shirt torn from the backside was an evidence that Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) was running and Zulaikha was trying to stop him. In this matter, there is an agreement of all jurists that signs and indicators should definitely be used to determine the truth, as was done here. But, besides that, only signs and indicators cannot be given the status of sufficient proof. In this event relating to Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) too, that which really proves the innocence of Sayyidna is the miraculous speech of the child. As for the signs and indicators which have been mentioned there, they serve to confirm the matter.
(And they raced with one another to the door) Joseph wanting to leave and her wanting to lock the door. The woman got there first (and she tore his shirt) in two (from behind) from the waist to his feet, (and they met her lord and master) the husband of the woman; and it is said: her cousin (at the door. She said) the woman said to her husband: (What shall be his reward, who wisheth evil) adultery (to your folk, save prison or a painful doom) be severely beaten?
مَا جَزَآءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوءًا
(What is the recompense (punishment) for him who intended an evil design against your wife...), in reference to illegal sexual intercourse,
إِلاَ أَن يُسْجَنَ
(except that he be put in prison)
أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(or a painful torment) tormented severely with painful beating. Yusuf did not stand idle, but he declared the truth and exonerated himself from the betrayal she accused him of,
قَالَ
(He Yusuf said), in truth and honesty,
هِىَ رَاوَدَتْنِى عَن نَّفْسِى
(It was she that sought to seduce me), and mentioned that she pursued him and pulled him towards her until she tore his shirt.
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ إِن كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِن قُبُلٍ
(And a witness of her household bore witness (saying): "If it be that his shirt is torn from the front..."), not from the back,
فَصَدَقَتْ
(then her tale is true) that he tried to commit an illegal sexual act with her. Had he called her to have sex with him and she refused, she would have pushed him away from her and tore his shirt from the front,
وَإِنْ كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِن دُبُرٍ فَكَذَبَتْ وَهُوَ مِن الصَّـدِقِينَ
(But if it be that his shirt is torn from the back, then she has told a lie and he is speaking the truth!) Had Yusuf run away from her, and this is what truly happened, and she set in his pursuit, she would have held to his shirt from the back to bring him back to her, thus tearing his shirt from the back. There is a difference of opinion over the age and gender of the witness mentioned here. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that,
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ
(and a witness of her household bore witness) "was a bearded man," meaning an adult male. Ath-Thawri reported that Jabir said that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Ibn `Abbas said, "He was from the king's entourage." Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others also said that the witness was an adult male. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement,
وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ
(and a witness of her household bore witness) "He was a babe in the cradle. " Similar was reported from Abu Hurayrah, Hilal bin Yasaf, Al-Hasan, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim, that the witness was a young boy who lived in the `Aziz's house. Ibn Jarir At-Tabari preferred this view. Allah's statement,
فَلَمَّا رَأَى قَمِيصَهُ قُدَّ مِن دُبُرٍ
(So when he saw his Yusuf's shirt torn at the back,) indicates that when her husband became certain that Yusuf was telling the truth and that his wife was lying when she heralded the accusation of betrayal at Yusuf,
قَالَ إِنَّهُ مِن كَيْدِكُنَّ
(he said: "Surely, it is a plot of you women!...") He said, `This false accusation and staining the young man's reputation is but a plot of many that you, women, have,'
إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ
(Certainly mighty is your plot!) The `Aziz ordered Yusuf, peace be upon him, to be discrete about what happened,
يُوسُفُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَـذَا
(O Yusuf ! Turn away from this!), do not mention to anyone what has happened,
وَاسْتَغْفِرِى لِذَنبِكِ
(And ask forgiveness for your sin, ) addressing his wife. The `Aziz was an easy man, or gave excuse to his wife because she saw in Yusuf an appeal she could not resist. He said to her, `Ask forgiveness for your sin, the evil desire that you wanted to satisfy with this young man, and then inventing false accusations about him,'
إِنَّكِ كُنتِ مِنَ الْخَـطِئِينَ
(verily, you were of the sinful.)
As for His words, whereupon they encountered her master at the door, this is an allusion to the emergence of the light of the spirit upon the heart's turning to it by means of remembering the rational proof and the coming upon it [the heart] of the holy inrush, its attempt to make the soul subordinate to itself while it struggled to draw it down to its [lower] aspect and the mastery acquired [by the light] over the heart then over the soul by means of this [holy inrush]. As for her statement, 'What is to be the requital of him who desires evil against your folk: this is an intimation that the soul insinuates its individual desires in the form of its rational best interests and adorns them such that its corruption is confounded with its rational best interests which [interests] the intellect is obliged to be mindful of, to uphold and to meet [the soul] with. Its [the intellect's] contravention of it [the soul] with regard to these [desires] is the desiring of evil against her [the soul] and [the desiring] of repulsive qualities by virtuous ones, which pertain to matters of everyday life, such as the conniving of women against men and the inclining of the heart to the upper aspect through its [the soul's] false words and claims.As regards the witness from her own folk, it is said that he was a paternal cousin of hers, that is to say, reflection (fikr) which knows that the corruption that afflicts character traits and deeds only comes about because of the soul and its mastery. For, were it to come from the direction of the heart and from the latter's inclination to the soul, then that [corruption] would afflict belief and resolve, and not simply deeds. It is also said that he was a maternal cousin of hers, that is to say, corporeal nature which acts as an indicator of the lower inclination in the soul, that [inclination] which attracts the heart from the direction of the breast and which pursues activities in the earth of the body. His consenting [with Joseph] and his apprising of the spirit by the light of guidance of the fact that the defect lay in the deed and not in the belief or resolve [of Joseph], which [defect] can only arise from the ego-centric provocation of the soul, is the significance of His words:
As for His words, whereupon they encountered her master at the door, this is an allusion to the emergence of the light of the spirit upon the heart's turning to it by means of remembering the rational proof and the coming upon it [the heart] of the holy inrush, its attempt to make the soul subordinate to itself while it struggled to draw it down to its [lower] aspect and the mastery acquired [by the light] over the heart then over the soul by means of this [holy inrush]. As for her statement, 'What is to be the requital of him who desires evil against your folk: this is an intimation that the soul insinuates its individual desires in the form of its rational best interests and adorns them such that its corruption is confounded with its rational best interests which [interests] the intellect is obliged to be mindful of, to uphold and to meet [the soul] with. Its [the intellect's] contravention of it [the soul] with regard to these [desires] is the desiring of evil against her [the soul] and [the desiring] of repulsive qualities by virtuous ones, which pertain to matters of everyday life, such as the conniving of women against men and the inclining of the heart to the upper aspect through its [the soul's] false words and claims.As regards the witness from her own folk, it is said that he was a paternal cousin of hers, that is to say, reflection (fikr) which knows that the corruption that afflicts character traits and deeds only comes about because of the soul and its mastery. For, were it to come from the direction of the heart and from the latter's inclination to the soul, then that [corruption] would afflict belief and resolve, and not simply deeds. It is also said that he was a maternal cousin of hers, that is to say, corporeal nature which acts as an indicator of the lower inclination in the soul, that [inclination] which attracts the heart from the direction of the breast and which pursues activities in the earth of the body. His consenting [with Joseph] and his apprising of the spirit by the light of guidance of the fact that the defect lay in the deed and not in the belief or resolve [of Joseph], which [defect] can only arise from the ego-centric provocation of the soul, is the significance of His words:
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ وَقَدَّتْ قَمِيصَهُ مِنْ دُبُرٍ وَأَلْفَيَا سَيِّدَهَا لَدَى الْبَابِ قَالَتْ مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوءًا إِلا أَنْ يُسْجَنَ أَوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (25)قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه: واستبق يوسف وامرأة العزيز بابَ البيت، (38) أما يوسف ففرارًا من ركوب الفاحشة لما رأى برهان ربه فزجره عنها، وأما المرأة فطلبها ليوسف لتقضي حاجتها منه التي راودته عليها , فأدركته فتعلقت بقميصه , فجذبته إليها مانعةً له من الخروج من الباب، , فقدَّته من دبر ، يعني: شقته من خلف لا من قدام، (39) لأن يوسف كان هو الهارب، وكانت هي الطالبة، كما: -19091 - حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى , قال: حدثنا محمد بن ثور , عن &; 16-51 &; معمر , عن قتادة: (واستبقا الباب) ، قال: استبق هو والمرأة الباب ,(وقدت قميصه من دبر).19092 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال: حدثنا سلمة , عن ابن إسحاق , قال: لما رأى برهان ربه , انكشفَ عنها هاربًا , واتبعته , فأخذت قميصه من دبر، فشقَّته عليه.* * *وقوله: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، يقول جل ثناؤه: وصادفا سيدها (40) ، وهو زوج المرأة (41) ، " لدى الباب " , يعني: عند الباب (42) . كالذي: -19093 - حدثني الحارث , قال: حدثنا عبد العزيز , قال: حدثنا الثوري , عن رجل , عن مجاهد: (وألفيا سيدها) ، قال: سيدها: زوجها ، ,(لدى الباب) ، قال: عند الباب.19094 - حدثني المثنى , قال: حدثنا إسحاق , قال: حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد , عن أشعث , عن الحسن , عن زيد بن ثابت , قال ": السيد "، الزوج.19095 - حدثنا بشر , قال: حدثنا يزيد , قال: حدثنا سعيد , عن قتادة , قوله: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، أي: عند الباب.19096 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال: حدثنا عمرو بن محمد , عن أسباط , عن السدي: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، قال: جالسًا عند الباب وابن عمّها معه، فلما رأته قالت: ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا؟ إنه راودني عن نفسي , فدفعته عن نفسي , فشققت قميصه. قال يوسف: بل هي راودتني عن نفسي , وفررت منها فأدركتني , فشقت قميصي. فقال ابن عمها: تِبْيان هذا في القميص , &; 16-52 &; فإن كان القميص , قدّ من قُبُل فصدقت وهو من الكاذبين , وإن كان قميصه قدّ من دبر فكذبت وهو من الصادقين . فأتي بالقميص , فوجده قدّ من دبر قال: إِنَّهُ مِنْ كَيْدِكُنَّ إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ * يُوسُفُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا وَاسْتَغْفِرِي لِذَنْبِكِ إِنَّكِ كُنْتِ مِنَ الْخَاطِئِينَ .19097 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال: حدثنا سلمة , عن ابن إسحاق: (وألفيا سيدها لدى الباب) ، إطفير، قائمًا على باب البيت، فقالت وهابَتْه: (ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليم) ولطخته مكانها بالسيئة، فَرَقًا من أن يتهمها صاحبُها على القبيح. فقال هو , وصَدقه الحديث: هِيَ رَاوَدَتْنِي عَنْ نَفْسِي .* * *وقوله: (قالت ما جزاء من أراد بأهلك سوءًا) يقول تعالى ذكره: قالت امرأة العزيز لزوجها لما ألفياه عند الباب , فخافت أن يتهمها بالفجور: ما ثواب رجل أرادَ بامرأتك الزنا إلا أن يسجن في السجن، (43) أو إلا عذاب أليم ، يقول: موجع.* * *وإنما قال: (إلا أن يسجن أو عذاب أليم) ، لأن قوله: (إلا أن يسجن) ، بمعنى إلا السجن , فعطف " العذاب " عليه ; وذلك أن " أن " وما عملت فيه بمنـزلة الاسم.----------------------الهوامش:(38) انظر تفسير" الاستباق" فيما سلف 15 : 577 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك .(39) انظر تفسير" الدبر" فيما سلف 14 : 15 ، تعليق : 4 ، والمراجع هناك .(40) انظر تفسير" ألفى" فيما سلف 3 : 306 ، 307 .(41) انظر تفسير" السيد" فيما سلف 6 : 374 .(42) انظر تفسير" لدى فيما سلف 6 : 407 .(43) انظر تفسير" الجزاء" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( جزى ) .
Joseph ran towards the door to save himself and Zulaykha also ran after him and caught hold of his shirt from behind. In this chaos the back of his shirt was torn. However, Joseph was able to open the door and came out. It so happened that Zulaykha’s husband was there outside the door. On seeing him, Zulaykha put all the blame on Joseph. She did not hesitate to make a false accusation against a person for whom she had been professing love only a moment earlier. Joseph said that the matter was entirely the opposite of what Zulaykha claimed. Now the question was to decide as to who was in the wrong. No third person was present on this occasion who could have been an eyewitness. At that time a wise person of the household offered good advice. (In all probability this person was already aware of the situation. Moreover, he might have already seen that Joseph’s shirt was torn from behind and not from in front.) He told all those concerned that, in the absence of an eyewitness, circumstantial evidence should be relied upon and the circumstantial evidence was that Joseph’s shirt was a clear proof of the fact that in this case it was not Joseph, but Zulaykha who had made improper advances.
Commentary
Described in the previous verses was the time when the wife of the Aziz of Misr was busy enticing Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) into sin, and he, on his part, was trying to stay away from it. But, there was the natural struggle with that non-voluntary thought too. So, to help his honourable prophet, Allah Ta ala showed a miracle, made something appear before him which drove even that thought out from his heart - whether that ` thing' be the face of his father, Sayyidna Ya` qub (علیہ السلام) ، or some verse out of the Divine revelation.
Told in the present verse (25) is that Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ، once he saw this ` proof from his Lord,' ran away from that. private enclave and dashed for the door to get out from there. The wife of the ` Aziz of Misr ran after him to hold him back and, by grabbing his shirt, she tried to stop him from getting out. But, when he did not stop - being determined not to - the shirt was torn from behind him. However, Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) did come out of the door, and so did Zulaikha behind him. Historical accounts mention that the door was locked from the inside. When Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ran and reached the door, this lock opened up by itself and dropped down.
When they both came out of the door, they saw the ` Aziz of Misr standing face to face. His wife was unnerved. In order to wriggle out of the awkward situation, and to put the blame on Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ، she said: at can be the punishment of the one who intended evil with your wife except that he be imprisoned, or (given) a painful chastisement?
Injunctions and Rulings
The following rules and guiding principles have been deduced from the verses cited above:
1. From verse 25 beginning with the words: وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ (And they raced towards the door ... ), we learn that a place where there is a danger of getting involved in sin must be abandoned outright - as was practically demonstrated by Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) by running away from there.
2. In matters requiring obedience to Divine injunctions, one should not, to the best of one's ability, let his efforts in that direction taper off - even if a tangible result from them does not seem to be coming out. Results rest in the hands of Allah Ta` ala. One's job is to channel and devote his or her effort and ability in the way of Allah - and proving one's iden-tity as a servant of Allah is the purpose. This is what was done by Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) . All doors were closed, even locked, as reported in historical narrations. Yet, he spent out his maximum strength in running towards the door. In a situation like that, help and support from Allah jalla thana'uh is witnessed frequently when a servant of Allah has done his best, it transpires that He would also arrange the causes for His servant to succeed. However, should the situation be otherwise and one fails to achieve formal success as we know it, then, for a devoted servant of Allah, even this failure is no less than success (for this is the preference of his Lord).
It is said about a righteous elder confined to prison that he would, on every Friday take his bath, wash his clothes, get ready for Jumu'ah prayer, walk upto the door of the prison, and once there, he would say: ` Ya Allah, this much was what was within my power. at is beyond that is in Your control.' Who knows, given the limitless mercy of Allah Ta ala, his spiritual yearning would have caused the prison gate to open with the command of Allah and he would have been enabled to perform the Salah of Jumu'ah. But, Allah, in His wisdom, bestowed upon this righteous devotee such high spiritual station as would pale out a thousand workings of the supernatural (karamah). The gate of the prison did not open be-cause of his continuous effort to offer his Salah of Jumu'ah. But, he did not lose heart. He kept doing the same thing every Jumu'ah. This is spiritual fortitude called by Sufi masters as superior to Karamah.
3. It stands proved (from verse 26) that, should a person be accused falsely by someone, speaking out in defence is the way of the prophets (the Sunnah of the Anbiya' ). Remaining silent at that time, and letting oneself be declared to be a criminal, is no act of piety or trust in Allah (tawakkul).
4. The fourth problem concerns the word:..~a (shahid) (in verse 26). When this word is used in common juristic matters and cases, it denotes a person who relates an event as seen by him in a disputed case. In this verse, the person who has been referred to by the word, ` shahid,' has not related any event, or any personal observation about it - instead of that, what has been hinted at is a sort of device to arrive at a decision. Techni-cally, that could not be called a ` shahid' or witness.
But, it is obvious that all these terms have been employed by later scholars and jurists for the convenience of understanding and teaching. They are neither the terms of the Holy Qur’ an, nor is it bound by them. The Holy Qur’ an has called this person a ` shahid' (witness) in the sense that the way the statement of a ` witness makes it easy for a judge to arrive at a decision, and proves that one of the parties in the case is in the right, the same benefit became available through the statement of this child. Initially, his miraculous speech itself was sufficient proof to absolve Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) from the blame. Then, there were the signs given by him. In the ultimate analysis, they too are nothing but the proof of the absolvement of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) from the blame. There-fore, saying that he appeared as a witness in favour of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) will be correct - though, he did not declare Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) to be true, rather, had mentioned both probabilities. And, in addition to that, he had even supposedly taken Zulaikha to be true in a situation in which the likelihood of her being true was not certain - in fact, there existed the other probability too, because the possibility of the shirt being torn from the front existed in both situations. And then, he had admitted the truthfulness of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) only in a situation wherein there could have been no other probability other than this. But, finally, the outcome of this strategy was but to prove the innocence of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) .
5. In arriving at judgments of disputed cases, circumstantial evidence can be taken into consideration - as was demonstrated here when this ` shahid' declared that the shirt torn from the backside was an evidence that Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) was running and Zulaikha was trying to stop him. In this matter, there is an agreement of all jurists that signs and indicators should definitely be used to determine the truth, as was done here. But, besides that, only signs and indicators cannot be given the status of sufficient proof. In this event relating to Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) too, that which really proves the innocence of Sayyidna is the miraculous speech of the child. As for the signs and indicators which have been mentioned there, they serve to confirm the matter.
(And they raced with one another to the door) Joseph wanting to leave and her wanting to lock the door. The woman got there first (and she tore his shirt) in two (from behind) from the waist to his feet, (and they met her lord and master) the husband of the woman; and it is said: her cousin (at the door. She said) the woman said to her husband: (What shall be his reward, who wisheth evil) adultery (to your folk, save prison or a painful doom) be severely beaten?