The Thunder — Verse 27

Disbelievers ask for Miracles, Allah's Response to Them Allah says that the idolators said, لَوْلاَ (Why is not), meaning, there should be, أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ (a sign sent down to him from his Lord) The idolators also said, فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِـَايَةٍ كَمَآ أُرْسِلَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ (Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones (Prophets) that were sent before (with signs)!) 21:5 We mentioned this subject several times before and stated that Allah is able to bring them what they wanted. There is a Hadith which mentions that the idolators asked the Prophet to turn Mount As-Safa into gold and, they also asked him for a spring to gush forth for them and to remove the mountains from around Makkah and replace them with green fields and gardens. Allah revealed to His Messenger : "If You wish, O Muhammad, I will give them what they asked for. However, if they disbelieve thereafter, I will punish them with a punishment that I did not punish any among the `Alamin (mankind and the Jinns). Or, if you wish, I will open for them the door to repentance and mercy." The Prophet said, «بَلْ تَفْتَحُ لَهُمْ بَابَ التَّوبَةِ وَالرَّحْمَة» (Rather, open for them the door to repentance and mercy.) This is why Allah said to His Messenger next, قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ (Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.") Allah states that He brings misguidance or guidance whether the Messenger ﷺ was given a sign (a miracle) according to their asking or not. Verily, earning the misguidance or the guidance are not connected to the miracles or the lack of them. Allah said in other Ayat, f وَمَا تُغْنِى الآيَـتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوْمٍ لاَّ يُؤْمِنُونَ (But neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not.) 10:101 إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ (Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment.)10:96-97, and, وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ قُبُلاً مَّا كَانُواْ لِيُؤْمِنُواْ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَجْهَلُونَ (And even if We had sent down unto them angels, and the dead had spoken unto them, and We had gathered together all things before their very eyes, they would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of them behave ignorantly.) 6:111 Allah said here, قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ (Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.") meaning, He guides to Him those who repent, turn to Him, beg Him, seek His help and humbly submit to Him. The Believer's Heart finds Comfort in the Remembrance of Allah Allah said, الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ (Those who believed, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah.) for their hearts find comfort on the side of Allah, become tranquil when He is remembered and pleased to have Him as their Protector and Supporter. So Allah said, أَلاَ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ (Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.) and surely, He is worthy of it. The Meaning of Tuba Allah said, الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ طُوبَى لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَـَابٍ (Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Tuba means, "Happiness and comfort or refreshment of the eye." `Ikrimah said that Tuba means, "How excellent is what they earned," while Ad-Dahhak said, "A joy for them." Furthermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh`i said that Tuba means, "Better for them," while Qatadah said that it is an Arabic word that means, `you have earned a good thing.' In another narration, Qatadah said that `Tuba for them' means, "It is excellent for them," وَحُسْنُ مَـَابٍ (and a beautiful place of return.) and final destination. These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and they do not contradict one another. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri said that a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for those who saw you and believed in you!" The Prophet said, «طُوبَى لِمَنْ رَآنِي وَآمَنَ بِي، وَطُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَلَمْ يَرَنِي» (Tuba is for he who saw me and believed in me. Tuba, and another Tuba, and another Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me.) A man asked, "What is Tuba" The Prophet said, «شَجَرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَسِيرَتُهَا مِائَةُ عَامٍ ثِيَابُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَكْمَامِهَا» (A tree in Paradise whose width is a hundred years, and the clothes of the people of Paradise are taken from its bark.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا يَقْطَعُهَا» (There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.) An-Nu`man bin Abi `Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added, "Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated to me that the Prophet said, «إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ الْجَوَادَ الْمُضَمَّرَ السَّرِيعَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ مَا يَقْطَعُهَا» (There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade on a fast, sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.)" In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, «يَا عِبَادِي لَوْ أَنَّ أَوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجِنَّكُمْ قَامُوا فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلُونِي فَأَعْطَيْتُ كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ مَسْأَلَتَهُ مَا نَقَصَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مُلْكِي شَيْئًا إِلَّا كَمَا يَنْقُصُ الْمِخْيَطُ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ فِي الْبَحْر» (O My slaves! If the first and the last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, stood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what the needle decreases (or carries) when entered into the sea.) Khalid bin Ma`ddan said, "There is a tree in Paradise called Tuba, that has breasts that nurse the children of the people of Paradise. Verily, the miscarriage of a woman will be swimming in one of the rivers of Paradise until the Day of Resurrection commences, when he will be gathered with people while forty years of age." Ibn Abi Hatim collected this statement. كَذَلِكَ أَرْسَلْنَاكَ فِى أُمَّةٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهَآ أُمَمٌ لِّتَتْلُوَ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِى أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ بِالرَّحْمَـنِ قُلْ هُوَ رَبِّى لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ مَتَابِ

And those who disbelieve from among the people of Mecca say ‘Why has not some sign like the staff and the glowing hand or the she-camel been sent down upon him upon Muhammad (s) from his Lord?’ Say to them ‘Indeed God sends astray whomever He will to send astray — such that signs cannot avail him in any way — and He guides He directs to Him to His religion those who turn in repentance’ those who return to Him man ‘those who’ is substituted by the following alladhīna ‘those who …’;

Say: 'Indeed God sends astray whomever He will: in other words, guidance and error are determined by the signs [sc. the verses of the QurÌān], for there is a sign in every thing and the signs sent down to the Messenger of God are more than sufficient [for those who want to be guided]; rather what determines these is the divine will, so that He sends astray whomever He will because of a lack of preparedness, or because of that person being veiled by dark coverings; and He guides to Him those who turn in penitence', by purifying their preparedness, from among [His] lovers. Since the folk who are sent astray are of two kinds, those who lack preparedness and those who have veiled theirs by the darkness intrinsic to mortal nature, so the guided folk are also of two types, beloved ones who are guided without their turning [to Him] in penitence (ināba), because of the potency of their preparedness, and beloved ones whom God guides after their turning [to Him] in penitence, as He has said God chooses for Himself whomever He will, and He guides to Himself whomever turns penitently [Q. 42:13];

Say: 'Indeed God sends astray whomever He will: in other words, guidance and error are determined by the signs [sc. the verses of the QurÌān], for there is a sign in every thing and the signs sent down to the Messenger of God are more than sufficient [for those who want to be guided]; rather what determines these is the divine will, so that He sends astray whomever He will because of a lack of preparedness, or because of that person being veiled by dark coverings; and He guides to Him those who turn in penitence', by purifying their preparedness, from among [His] lovers. Since the folk who are sent astray are of two kinds, those who lack preparedness and those who have veiled theirs by the darkness intrinsic to mortal nature, so the guided folk are also of two types, beloved ones who are guided without their turning [to Him] in penitence (ināba), because of the potency of their preparedness, and beloved ones whom God guides after their turning [to Him] in penitence, as He has said God chooses for Himself whomever He will, and He guides to Himself whomever turns penitently [Q. 42:13];

ويقول الكفار عنادًا: هلا أُنزل على محمد معجزة محسوسة كمعجزة موسى وعيسى. قل لهم: إن الله يضل مَن يشاء من المعاندين عن الهداية ولا تنفعه المعجزات، ويهدي إلى دينه الحق مَن رجع إليه وطلب رضوانه.

يخبر تعالى عن قيل المشركين " لولا" أي هلا " أنزل عليه آية من ريه " كقولهم " فليأتنا بآية كما أرسل الأولون " وقد تقدم الكلام على هذا غير مرة وإن الله قادر على إجابة ما سألوا وفي الحديث إن الله أوحى إلى رسوله لما سألوه أن يحول لهم الصفا ذهبا وأن يجري لهم ينبوعا وأن يزيح الجبال من حول مكة فيصير مكانها مروج وبساتين: إن شئت يا محمد أعطيتهم ذلك فإن كفروا أعذبهم عذابا لا أعذبه أحدا من العالمين وإن شئت فتحت عليهم باب التوبة والرحمة فقال " بل تفتح لهم باب التوبة والرحمة " ولهذا قال لرسوله " قل إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أناب " أي هو المضل والهادي سواء بعث الرسل بآية على وفق ما اقترحوا أو لم يجبهم إلى سؤالهم فان الهداية والإضلال ليس منوطا بذلك ولا عدمه كما قال " وما تغني الآيات والنذر عن قوم لا يؤمنون " وقال " إن الذين حقت عليهم كلمة ربك لا يؤمنون ولو جاءتهم كل أية حتى يروا العذاب الأليم " وقال " ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون " ولهذا قال " قل إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أناب " أي ويهدي إليه من أناب إلى الله.

ثم حكى - سبحانه - بعد ذلك بعض المطالب المعنتة التى طلبها الكافرون من النبى - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ورد عليها بما يبطلها ، ومدح المؤمنين لاطمئنان قلوبهم إلى سلامة دينهم من كل نقص ، وأيأسهم من إيمان أعدائهم لاستيلاء العناد والجحود على قلوبهم ، فقال - تعالى - :( وَيَقُولُ الذين كَفَرُواْ لَوْلاَ . . . ) .قوله - سبحانه - ( وَيَقُولُ الذين كَفَرُواْ لَوْلاَ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ ) حكاية لما طلبه مشركو مكة من رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - على سبيل التعنت والطغيان . ومرادهم بالآية : آية كونية كإحياء الموتى وإزاحة الجبال من أماكنها " لولا " هنا : حرف تحضيض بمعنى هلا .أى : ويقول الكافرون على سبيل العناد والجحود ، هلا أنزل على هذا الرسول آية كونية تدل على صدقه ، كأن يحيى لنا موتانا ، أو أن يحول لنا جبل الصفا ذهبا . .وكأنهم يرون أن القرآن الذى نزل عليه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لا يكفى - فى زعمهم - أن يكون آية ومعجزة شاهدة على صدقه .وقد أمر الله - تعالى - رسوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أن يرد عليهم بقوله : ( قُلْ إِنَّ الله يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ ويهدي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ ) .أى : قل لهم أيها الرسول الكريم على سبيل التعجب من أحوالهم ومن شدة ضلالهم : إن الله - تعالى - يضل عن طريق الحق من يريد إضلاله ، لاستحباب هذا الضال العمى على الهدى ، ويهدى إلى صراطه المستقيم ، من أناب إليه - سبحانه - ورجع إلى الحق الذى جاء به رسوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بقلب سليم ، وعقل متفتح لمعرفة الصواب والرشاد .فالجملة الكريمة تعجيب من أقوالهم الباطلة ، ومن غفلتهم عن الآيات الباهرة التى أعطاها الله - تعالى - لرسوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وعلى رأسها القرآن الكريم الذى هو آية الآيات ، وحض لهم على الإِقلاع عما هم عليه من العنو والعناد .والإِنابة : الرجوع إلى الشئ بعد تردد ، فقد جرت عادة كثيرة من النفوس البشرية أن يعرض عليها الحق فتتردد فى قبوله فى أول الأمر ، ثم تعود إلى قبوله واعتناقه بعد قيام الدلائل على صحته وسلامته من الفساد .قال صاحب الكشاف : فإن قلت : كيف طابق قولهم ( لَوْلاَ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ ) قوله ( قُلْ إِنَّ الله يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ . . . ) ؟قلت : هو كلام يجرى مجرى التعجب من قولهم ، وذلك أن الآيات الباهرة والمتكاثرة التى أوتيها رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لم يؤتها نبى قبله ، وكفى بالقرآن وحده آية وراء كل آية . فإذا جحدوها ولم يهتدوا بها وجعلوه كأن آية لم تنزل عليه قط ، كان موضعاً للتعجب والاستنكار ، فكأنه قيل لهم : ما أعظم عنادكم وما أشد تصميمكم على كفركم ، إن الله يضل من يشاء ممن كان على صفتكم من التصميم وشدة الشكيمة فى الكفر ، فلا سبيل إلى اهتدائهم وإن أنزلت كل آية ( ويهدي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ ) كان على خلاف صفتكم ( أَنَابَ ) أقبل إلى الحق وحقيقته دخل فى نوبة الخير .

قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ويقول لك يا محمد، مشركو قومك: هلا أنـزل عليك آية من ربك, إمّا ملك يكون معك نذيرًا, أو يُلْقَى إليك كنـز؟ فقل: إن الله يضل منكم من يشاء أيها القوم، فيخذله عن تصديقي والإيمان بما جئته به من عند ربي(ويَهدي إليه من أناب), فرجع إلى التوبة من كفره والإيمان به, فيوفقه لاتباعي وتصديقي على ما جئته به من عند ربه، وليس ضلالُ من يضلّ منكم بأن لم ينـزل علي آية من ربّي ولا هداية من يهتدي منكم بأنَّها أنـزلت عليّ, وإنما ذلك بيَدِ الله, يوفّق من يشاء منكم للإيمان ويخذل من يشاء منكم فلا يؤمن .* * *وقد بينت معنى " الإنابة "، في غير موضع من كتابنا هذا بشواهده، بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع . (32)* * *20357- حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, قوله: (ويهدي إليه من أناب) : أي من تاب وأقبل .---------------------الهوامش :(32) انظر تفسير" الإنابة" فيما سلف 15 : 406 ، 454 . ولقد نسي أبو جعفر رحمه الله ، فإنه لم يذكر" الإنابة" في غير هذين الموضعين القريبين ، ولم يذكر في تفسيرهما شيئًا من الشواهد ، وكأنه لما أوغل في التفسير ، وكان قد أعد له العدة ، شبه عليه الأمر ، وظن أن الذي سيأتي مرارًا ، مضى قبل ذلك مرارًا ، فقال من ذلك ما قال هنا ، وقد مر مثله وأشرت إليه .

( ويقول الذين كفروا ) من أهل مكة ( لولا أنزل عليه آية من ربه قل إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أناب ) [ أي : يهدي إليه من يشاء بالإنابة . وقيل : يرشد إلى دينه من يرجع إليه بقلبه ] .

عطف غرض على غرض وقصةٍ على قصة . والمناسبة ذكر فرحهم بحياتهم الدنيا وقد اغتروا بما هم عليه من الرزق فسألوا تعجيل الضرّ في قولهم : { اللّهم إن كان هذا هو الحق من عندك فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم } [ سورة الأنفال : 32 ]. وهذه الجملة تكرير لنظيرتها السابقة { ويقول الذين كفروا لولا أنزل عليه آية من ربه إنما أنت منذر } [ سورة الرعد : 7 ]. فأعيدت تلك الجملة إعادةَ الخطيب كلمةً من خطبته ليأتي بما بقي عليه في ذلك الغرض بعد أن يفصل بما اقتضى المقام الفصل به ثم يتفرغ إلى ما تركه من قبل ، فإنه بعد أن بَينتْ الآيات السابقة أنّ الله قادر على أن يعجل لهم العذاب ولكن حكمته اقتضت عدم التنازل ليتحدى عبيده فتبين ذلك كله كمال التبيين . وكل ذلك لاحق بقوله : وإن تعجب فعجب قولهم أإذا كنا تراباً إنا لفي خلق جديد [ سورة الرعد : 5 ] ، وعود إلى المهم من غرض التنويه بآية القرآن ودلالته على صدق الرسول ، ولهذا أطيل الكلام على هدي القرآن عقب هذه الجملة .ولذلك تعين أن موقع جملة إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أناب } موقع الخبر المستعمل في تعجيب الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام من شدة ضلالهم بحيث يوقن من شاهد حالهم أن الضلال والاهتداء بيد الله وأنهم لولا أنهم جبلوا من خلقة عقولهم على اتباع الضلال لكانوا مُهتدين لأن أسباب الهداية واضحة .وتحت هذا التعجيب معان أخرى :أحدها : أن آيات صدق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم واضحة لولا أن عقولهم لم تدركها لفساد إدراكهم .الثاني : أن الآيات الواضحة الحسية قد جاءت لأمم أخرى فرأوها ولم يؤمنوا ، كما قال تعالى : { وما منعنا أن نرسل بالآيات إلا أن كذب بها الأولون وآتينا ثمود الناقة مبصرة فظلموا بها } [ سورة الإسراء : 59 ].الثالث : } أن لعدم إيمانهم أسباباً خفية يعلمها الله قد أبهمت بالتعليق على المشيئة في قوله : { يضل من يشاء } منها ما يُومىء إليه قوله في مقابلة { ويهدي إليه من أناب }. وذلك أنهم تكبروا وأعرضوا حين سمعوا الدعوة إلى التوحيد فلم يتأملوا ، وقد ألقيت إليهم الأدلة القاطعة فأعرضوا عنها ولو أنابوا وأذعنوا لهداهم الله ولكنهم نفروا . وبهذا يظهر موقع ما أمر الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام أن يجيب به عن قولهم : { لولا أنزل عليه آية من ربه } بأن يقول : { إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أناب } ، وأن ذلك تعريض بأنهم ممن شاء الله أن يكونوا ضالين وبأن حالهم مثار تعجب .والإنابة : حقيقتها الرجوع . وأطلقت هنا على الاعتراف بالحق عند ظهور دلائله لأن النفس تنفر من الحق ابتداء ثم ترجع إليه ، فالإنابة هنا ضد النفور .

يخبر تعالى أن الذين كفروا بآيات الله يتعنتون على رسول الله، ويقترحون ويقولون: { لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ } وبزعمهم أنها لو جاءت لآمنوا فأجابهم الله بقوله: { قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ } أي: طلب رضوانه، فليست الهداية والضلال بأيديهم حتى يجعلوا ذلك متوقفا على الآيات، ومع ذلك فهم كاذبون، { ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون } ولا يلزم أن يأتي الرسول بالآية التي يعينونها ويقترحونها، بل إذا جاءهم بآية تبين ما جاء به من الحق، كفى ذلك وحصل المقصود، وكان أنفع لهم من طلبهم الآيات التي يعينونها، فإنها لو جاءتهم طبق ما اقترحوا فلم يؤمنوا بها لعاجلهم العذاب.

قوله تعالى : ويقول الذين كفروا لولا أنزل عليه آية من ربه قل إن الله يضل من يشاء ويهدي إليه من أنابقوله تعالى : ويقول الذين كفروا لولا أنزل عليه آية من ربه بين في مواضع أن اقتراح الآيات على الرسل جهل ، بعد أن رأوا آية واحدة تدل على الصدق ، والقائل ، عبد الله بن أبي أمية وأصحابه حين طالبوا النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بالآيات .قل إن الله - عز وجل - يضل من يشاء أي كما أضلكم بعد ما أنزل من الآيات وحرمكم الاستدلال بها يضلكم عند نزول غيرها .ويهدي إليه من أناب أي من رجع . والهاء في إليه للحق ، أو للإسلام ، أو لله - عز وجل - ; على تقدير : ويهدي إلى دينه وطاعته من رجع إليه بقلبه . وقيل : هي للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .

Man is bound to God by the bond of nature and to his fellow beings by the bond of humanity. Breaking both bonds leads to creating mischief on God’s earth. Living a peaceful life on God’s earth means making his life subject to the above-mentioned bonds. In liberating himself from these bonds – caring nothing for the rights of God or men—he only creates mischief. Those who act thus incur the curse of God. Such as these will not share in the Grace of God. They have fouled God’s earth, so they deserve to be pushed into the foulest of places—Hell. In this world one receives less and another receives more. The one who receives more develops a superiority complex, while the one who receives less suffers from an inferiority complex. But, in the eyes of God, neither attitude is correct. The correct reaction is that if one receives more, he should become grateful to God; one who receives less, should strive to remain patient and be contented with what he has. Worldly-oriented people invariably ignore the preacher of Truth. The reason for this is that a worldly person recognizes only worldly glories. As the preacher is in possession of only sublime truths, he is not recognized and is ignored as an unimportant person. But, when the veil over reality is torn asunder, man will come to know at that time that the apparent glory which he considered everything, was absolutely valueless. The truly valuable thing was reality which, because it was unseen, could not claim his attention.

Commentary At the beginning of the section, human beings were divided into two kinds - those who are obedient to Allah Ta’ ala and those who are disobedient to Him. Then, enumerated there were some attributes and signs of the obedient servants of Allah and mention was made of the best of rewards for them in the Hereafter. Now, in the present verses, stated there are the attributes and signs, and punishments, of the other kind of people. One trait of character these disobedient and contumacious people have been reported to have الَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّـهِ مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ (And those who break [ their ] pledge with Allah after it has been made binding). Included here is the pledge out of the pledges given to Allah concerning His unshared Lordship and Oneness by all spirits created by Him. The disbelievers and polytheists broke this pledge when they came into this world and consequently took to hundreds and thousands of lords and objects of worship all joined up with the pristine divinity of Allah Ta` ala. And also included here are all pledges faithfulness to which becomes binding on human beings as part of the great pledge of: لا إلہ إلا اللہ (There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah). The reason is that the Kalimah Tayyibah, that is: لا إلہ إلا اللہ محمد الرسول اللہ ( La' Ilaha Illallahu Muliammadur Rasulullah : There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah - Muhammad is the messenger of Allah) is, indeed, the symbol of a great pledge under which fall the obedience to all injunctions and rules of conduct taught by Allah Ta’ ala and His Messenger, and it also covers the pledge to abstain from things which have been prohibited. Therefore, when a human being deviates from any injunction made binding by Allah or deviates from the command given by His Messenger, he or she commits a breach of trust by breaking this pledge to have faith. The second trait of these disobedient people has been identified as: وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ‌ اللَّـهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ (and cut off relations Allah has commanded to be joined). Included here is the relationship human beings have with Allah Ta` a1a and His Messenger, may peace be upon him, and the blessings of Allah. The cutting of this relationship simply means the contravention of their commands. And, of course, included here are connections based on relationships the maintenance of which and the fulfillment of whose rights has been stressed upon time and again in the Holy Qur’ an. Those who disobey Allah Ta` ala would not hesitate in sundering even these relations and rights built around them - for instance, they would not fulfill the rights of their mother, father, brother, sister, neighbour, and others in that category while they are rights which must be fulfilled by all human beings as commanded by Allah Ta` ala and His Messenger. The third trait of such people has been stated as: (and make mischief on the earth). This third trait is actually the outcome of the first two, that is, they disregard pledges given, whether given to Allah or to His servants, just have no consideration of anyone's rights or relationships. It is obvious that such deeds of these people will cause pain and loss to others, even become the cause of mutual fighting and killing. This is the worst 'Fasad' or disorder or mischief they inflict on this earth. After having described these three traits of the disobedient and contumacious people, the punishment identified for them is: أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (those are the ones for whom there is the curse, and for them there is the evil abode). The word: اللَّعْنَةُ (al-la'nah: translated here as 'curse' ) means to be removed far away from the mercy of Allah, and become deprived of it. And it goes without saying that being far removed from His mercy is the most punishing of all punishments and certainly the hardest of all hardships. Injunctions and Rules of Guidance Special injunctions and rules of guidance concerning many departments of human life appear in the verses 20 to 24. Either explicit or implied, they are as follows: 1. From: الَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّـهِ وَلَا يَنقُضُونَ الْمِيثَاقَ those who fulfill [ their ] pledge with Allah and do not break the covenant - 20) it stands established that abiding by a pledge given or contract made with someone is a binding obligation which must be fulfilled, and any contravention of which is حَرَام Haram (forbidden, unlawful) - whether that pledge be related to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ ، as the pledge of Faith and the pledge to maintain re-lationships with those created by Allah, or it may be a pledge related to any Muslim or Kafir. Pledge-Breaking is حَرَام Haram under all conditions. 2. From: وَالَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مَا أَمَرَ‌ اللَّـهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ (and those who maintain the relations Allah has commanded to be maintained - 21) we learn that Islam does not teach abandonment of relationships in some monastic manner. Instead of that, maintaining necessary relations and fulfilling their due rights has been made necessary in Islam. As for the rights of parents, children, wife, sisters, brothers and the rights of other relatives and neighbours, these have been made obligatory by Allah Ta ala on every human being. They cannot be ignored in favour of voluntary acts of worship, not even to devote time for some religious service needed by the community. This is not permissible. How could it become permissible to forget them and get busy doing other things? As for maintaining the bonds of family relationships, taking care of them, and fulfilling their due rights, these have been stressed upon in many verses of the Holy Qur an. In a Hadith of Al-Bukhari and Muslim based on a narration of Sayyidna Anas ؓ ، it has been reported that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: A person who hopes to have extended means of living and barakah in things done must maintain relations (Silatur-Rahim). It simply means that one should take care of those he is closely related with and help and support them within personal capability. And Sayyidna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ؓ says that a rustic Arab villager called upon the Holy Prophet ﷺ at his home and asked him: 'Just tell me what should I do to come closer to Paradise and stay away from Hell.' He said: 'Worship Allah. Take no partners with Him. Establish Salah. Give Zakah. And maintain relations.' (Al-Baghawi) According to a narration of Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ appearing in the Sahih of al-Bukhari, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said: 'Silatur-Rahim' (maintaining relations) does not simply mean that you return the favour done by a relative, that is, if he has done a favour to you, you do a favour to him. Instead, real Silatur-Rahim (the ideal form of maintaining relations) is that even if your relative fails to maintain relations with you, yet you, on your part, only for the sake of Allah, maintain relations with him, and do favours to him.' It was due to the importance of fulfilling the rights of relatives and maintaining relations with them that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: 'Preserve your family trees through which you would preserve your family ties and you would be able to fulfill their rights.' Then he said: 'This rule of maintaining relations has its advantages. It generates mutual love, puts barakah in wealth which increases, and puts barakah in years of life too.' (Tirmidhi) It appears in a IIadith of Sahih Muslim that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: 'Most commendable is the act of maintaining relations when a person maintains the same relations with the friends of his dead father, as they were during his lifetime. 3. The statement: وَالَّذِينَ صَبَرُ‌وا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَ‌بِّهِمْ (in order to seek the pleasure of their Lord - 22) makes us realize that the merits of Sabr (patience) which have appeared in the Qur’ an and Hadith and which tell us that the patient person has the good fortune of having Allah Ta’ a1a with him, and of His help and support, and that countless returns and rewards wait for him or her. But, all this happens only when one observes patience for the good pleasure of Allah Ta` ala - otherwise, everyone reaches a point in time when, sooner or later, one gets to become reconciled to his or her lot. As explained earlier, the real meaning of Sabr (translated here as 'to observe patience' ) is to control one's self and remain steadfast which can take different forms. First of all, one should observe patience, not become upset under the stress of hardship and pain, not become disappointed, rather keep Allah Ta ala in sight and keep hoping. Secondly, one should observe patience in carrying out acts of obedience to Allah in a way that one remains sure of staying on that track steadfastly, even if the adherence to Divine injunctions appears to be hard on one's self. Thirdly, one should observe patience against what is evil and sinful - even if the desiring self demands that the road to evil be taken, but one should resist and refuse to take the road to evil because of the fear of Allah. 4. From: وَأَنفَقُوا مِمَّا رَ‌زَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّ‌ا وَعَلَانِيَةً (and spend from what We have given to them secretly and openly - 22), we learn that spending in the way of Allah secretly and openly is correct whichever way it is done. However, it is better that obligatory charities (wajib sadaqat) such as Zakh and Sadaqatul-Fitr etc., be paid openly so that other Muslim are also prompted to do the same. As for voluntary charities (nafl sadaqat) which are not obligatory should be paid secretly so that one can stay safe from scruples of hypocrisy and pulls of recognition. 5. The statement: يَدْرَ‌ءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ (and repel evil with good) tells us that getting rid of evil is certainly a rational and physical imperative, but evil for evil is not the method practiced in Islam. Instead, the teaching of Islam is: Repel evil with good. Whoever has inflicted injustice upon you, on your part you deal with him justly. Whoever has not fulfilled your due right, on your part you fulfill his right. Whoever releases his anger on you, on your part you respond to him with forbearance and tolerance. The inevitable result of this pattern of response would be that enemies would turn into friends and the wicked into the righteous before you. Another sense of this sentence is that one should make amends for a sin by performing an act of obedience, that is, if you ever get to commit some sin, repent immediately and then get busy with the ` Ibadah of Allah Ta` ala. This will cause your past sin to be forgiven. As reported by Sayyidna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari ؓ ، the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: When a sin happens to have been committed by you, follow it up with a good deed. This will wash that sin off (narrated by Ahmad with sound authority, Mazhari). The condition attached to this good deed is that one must first repent from the past sin and then do the good deed. Said in the next verse (23) is: جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّ‌يَّاتِهِمْ. It means that servants of Allah who are righteous and accepted will certainly have the honour of being in Jannah, and it will be in consideration of them that their parents, wives and children will also share the honour with them. However, the condition is that these people should be righteous, that is, believers and Muslims - not Kafir, though not at par with such pious elder in their good deeds. But, because of the barakah of this pious elder, Allah Ta’ ala shall make these people reach the same station in Paradise which is the station of this pious elder as said in another verse: أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّ‌يَّتَهُمْ that is, 'We shall make the progeny of Our righteous servants be with them - 52:21' This tells us that relationship with pious elders, whether of lineage, kinship or friendship, shall be of benefit in the Hereafter as well - of course, subject to the condition of 'Iman (Faith). 6. From verse 24: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْ‌تُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ‌ (Peace be upon you for the patience you observed. So, good is the ultimate abode) we find out that the salvation of the Hereafter and the high ranks of the Paradise are all the outcome of man's patient handling of the trials of life in this mortal world where he keeps insisting on fulfilling all rights of Allah Ta ala and His servants due on him or her and keeps compelling one's de-siring self to abstain from acting disobediently to Him. Finally, if we consider the statement in verse 25, that is: أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (those are the ones for whom there is the curse, and for them there is the evil abode), we would recall that verses previous to it told us about the reward of His obedient servants - that their home will be in Paradise, angels would greet them with Salam, and tell them that the eternal blessings of Paradise are the direct result of their patience, fortitude and obedience. Similarly, in the verse cited above, announced is the end of the disobedient and the contumacious - that they are under the curse of Allah, that is, they are far removed from His mercy and that they have waiting for them an evil abode in Hell. This helps us realize that the breaking of pledges given and the severance of the bonds of kinship is the cause of Divine curse and consignment to Hell. May Allah keep all of us protected from such a fate.

(Those who disbelieve) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (say: If only a portent were sent down upon him) why is Muhammad (pbuh) not given a sign (from his Lord!) to prove his prophethood, as was given to earlier messengers, as he claims. (Say) O Muhammad: (Lo! Allah sendeth whom He will) whoever deserves it (astray) from His religion, (and guideth unto Himself) to His religion (all who turn (unto Him)) all those who betake themselves to Him,