أَوْ تَأْتِىَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَـئِكَةِ قَبِيلاً
(or you bring Allah and the angels before (us) face to face.) 17:92
قَالُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ حَتَّى نُؤْتَى مِثْلَ مَآ أُوتِىَ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ
(They said: "We shall not believe until we receive the like of that which the Messengers of Allah had received.") 6:124 and,
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَرْجُونَ لِقَآءَنَا لَوْلاَ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَـئِكَةُ أَوْ نَرَى رَبَّنَا لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَعَتَوْا عُتُوّاً كَبِيراً
(And those who expect not a meeting with Us said: "Why are not the angels sent down to us, or why do we not see our Lord" Indeed they think too highly of themselves, and are scornful with great pride.) 25:21 Allah said,
وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى
(and the dead had spoken unto them,) This is, to inform them of the truth of what the Messengers brought them;
وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ قُبُلاً
(and We had gathered together all things before them,) before their eyes, as `Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas. This is the view of Qatadah and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. This Ayah means, if all nations were gathered before them, one after the other, and each one testifies to the truth of what the Messengers came with,
مَّا كَانُواْ لِيُؤْمِنُواْ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ
(they would not have believed, unless Allah willed,) for guidance is with Allah not with them. Certainly, Allah guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and He does what He wills,
لاَ يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْـَلُونَ
(He cannot be questioned about what He does, while they will be questioned.) 21:23, This is due to His knowledge, wisdom, power, supreme authority and irresistibility. Similarly, Allah said,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ
(Truly, those, against whom the Word (wrath) of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment.) 10:96-97
And if We had sent down the angels to them and the dead had spoken with them as they have requested and We had gathered against them all things in droves read qubulan plural of qabīl meaning ‘throng upon throng’ or read qibalan meaning ‘before their very eyes’ and they were witness to your truthfulness yet they would not have believed as God already knows unless God willed that they believe and they did; but most of them are ignorant of this.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed.He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. �If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?�Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You?What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You?By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without YouThe belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, �Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.� Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, �It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
ولو أننا أجبنا طلب هؤلاء، فنزَّلنا إليهم الملائكة من السماء، وأحيينا لهم الموتى، فكلموهم، وجمعنا لهم كل شيء طلبوه فعاينوه مواجهة، لم يصدِّقوا بما دعوتهم إليه -أيها الرسول- ولم يعملوا به، إلا من شاء الله له الهداية، ولكن أكثر هؤلاء الكفار يجهلون الحق الذي جئت به من عند الله تعالى.
يقول تعالى ولو أننا أجبنا سؤال هؤلاء الذين أقسموا بالله جهد أيمانهم لئن جاءتهم آية ليؤمنن بها فنزلنا عليهم الملائكة تخبرهم بالرسالة من الله بتصديق الرسل كما سألوا فقالوا "أو تأتي بالله والملائكة قبيلا" وقالوا لن نؤمن لك حتى نؤتى مثل ما أوتي رسل الله " وقال الذين لا يرجون لقاءنا لولا نزل علينا الملائكة أو نرى ربنا لقد استكبروا في أنفسهم وعتو عتوا كبيرا" "وكلمهم الموتى" أي فأخبروهم بصدق ما جاءتهم به الرسل "وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا" قرأ بعضهم قبلا بكسر القاف وفتح الباء من المقابلة والمعاينة وقرأ آخرون بضمهما قيل معناه من المقابلة والمعاينة أيضا كما رواه علي بن أبي طلحة والعوفي عن ابن عباس وبه قال قتادة وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم. وقال مجاهد قبلا أي أفواجا قبيلا قبيلا أي تعرض عليهم كل أمة بعد أمة فيخبرونهم بصدق الرسل فيما جاءوهم به "ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله" أي إن الهداية إليه لا إليهم بل يهدي من يشاء ويضل من يشاء وهو الفعال لما يريد "لا يسأل عما يفعل وهم يسألون" لعلمه وحكمته وسلطانه وقهره وغلبته وهذه الآية كقوله تعالى "إن الذين حقت عليهم كلمة ربك لا يؤمنون ولو جاءتهم كل آية حتى يروا العذاب الأليم".
ثم بين - سبحانه - أن هؤلاء المشركين الذين يزعمون أنهم لو جاءتهم آية ليؤمنن بها كاذبون فى أيمانهم الفاجرة ، فقال - تعالى - : { وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَآ . . . . } .المعنى : ولو أننا يا محمد لم نقتصر على إيتاء ما اقترحه هؤلاء المشركون من آيات كونية ، بل أضفنا إلى ذلك أننا نزلنا عليهم الملائكة يشهدون بصدقك وأحيينا لهم الموتى فشهدوا بحقيقة الإيمان ، وزدنا على ذلك فجمعنا لهم جميع الخلائق مقابلة ومعاينة حتى يواجهوهم بأنك على الحق ، لو أننا فعلنا كل ذلك ما استقام لهم الإيمان لسوء استعدادهم وفساد فطرهم ، وانطماس بصيرتهم ، فإن قوما يمرون على تلك الآيات الكونية التى زخر بها هذا الكون والتى استعرضتها هذه السورة فلا تتفتح لها بصائرهم ، ولا تتحرك لها مشاعرهم ، ليسوا على استعداد لأن يخالط الإيمان شغاف قلوبهم ، والذى ينقصهم إنما هو القلب الحى الذى يتلقى ويتأثر ويستجيب وليس الآيات التى يقترحونها فإن أمامهم الكثير منها ، واقترحاتهم إنما هى نوع من العبث السخيف ، والتعنت المرذول الذى لا يستحق أن يهتم به .و { قُبُلاً } - بضم القاف والباء - حال من " كل شىء " وفيه أوج :الأول : أنه جمع قبيل بمعنى كفيل مثل قليب وقلب ، أى : وحشرنا عليهم كل شىء من المخلوقات ليكونوا كفلاء بصدقك .والثانى : أنه مفرد كقبل الإنسان ودبره فيكون معناه المواجهة والمعاينة ومنه آتيك قبلا لا دبرا أى آتيك من قبل وجهك والمعنى . وحشرنا عليهم كل شىء مواجهة وعيانا ليشهدوا بأنك على الحق .والثالث : أن يكون قبلا جمع قبيل لكن بمعنى جماعة جماعة أو صنفاً صنفا والمعنى : وحشرنا عليهم كل شىء فوجا فوجا ونوعا نوعا من سائر المخلوقات ليشهدوا بصدقك .وجملة { مَّا كَانُواْ ليؤمنوا إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ الله } جواب لو .أى : لو فعلنا لهم كل ذلك ما كانوا ليؤمنوا فى حال من الأحوال بسبب غلوهم فى التمرد والعصيان ، إلى فى حال مشيئة الله إيمانهم فيؤمنوا ، لأنه - سبحانه - هو القادر على كل شىء .وقوله { ولكن أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَجْهَلُونَ } .أى : ولكن أكثر هؤلاء المشركين يجهلون أنهم لو أوتوا كل آية لم يؤمنوا فهم لذلك يحلفون الأيمان المغلظة بأنهم لو جاءتهم آية ليؤمنن بها . أو يجهلون أن الإيمان بمشيئة الله لا بخوارق العادات .وقيل الضمير يعود على المؤمنين فيكون المعنى . ولكن أكثر المؤمنين يجهلون عدم إيمان أولئك المشركين عند مجىء الآيات لجهلهم عدم مشيئة الله - تعالى - لإيمانهم ، فيتمنون مجىء الآيات طمعاً فى إيمانهم .قال الشيخ القاسمى : فى قوهل { إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ الله } حجة واضحة على المعتزلة لدلالته على أن جميع الأشياء بمشيئة الله - تعالى - حتى الإيمان والكفر . وقد اتفق سلف هذه الأمة وحملة شريعتها على أنه " ما شاء الله كان وما لم يشا لهم يكن " . والمعتزلة يقولون " إلا أن يشاء الله مشيئة قسر وإكراه " .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلائِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا مَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا إِلا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَجْهَلُونَ (111)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا محمد, آيسْ من فلاح هؤلاء العادلين بربهم الأوثانَ والأصنام ، القائلين لك: " لئن جئتنا بآية لنؤمنن لك ", فإننا لو نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة حتى يروها عيانًا، وكلمهم الموتى بإحيائنا إياهم حُجَّةً لك، ودلالة على نبوّتك, وأخبروهم أنك محقٌّ فيما تقول, وأن ما جئتهم به حقٌّ من عند الله, وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء فجعلناهُم لك قبلا ما آمنوا ولا صدّقوك ولا اتبعوك إلا أن يشاء الله ذلك لمن شاء منهم =(ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون)، يقول: ولكن أكثر هؤلاء المشركين يجهلون أن ذلك كذلك, يحسبون أن الإيمان إليهم، والكفرَ بأيديهم, متى شاؤوا آمنوا، ومتى شاؤوا كفروا . وليس ذلك كذلك, ذلك بيدي, لا يؤمن منهم إلا من هديته له فوفقته, ولا يكفر إلا من خذلته عن الرشد فأضللته .* * *وقيل: إن ذلك نـزل في المستهزئين برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, وما جاء به من عند الله, من مشركي قريش .* ذكر من قال ذلك:13755- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا حجاج, عن ابن جريج قال: نـزلت في المستهزئين الذين سألوا النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الآية, فقال: قُلْ ، يا محمد، إِنَّمَا الآيَاتُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُشْعِرُكُمْ أَنَّهَا إِذَا جَاءَتْ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ ، ونـزل فيهم: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا) .* * *وقال آخرون: إنما قيل: (ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، يراد به أهل الشقاء, وقيل: (إلا أن يشاء الله)، فاستثنى ذلك من قوله: (ليؤمنوا)، يراد به أهل الإيمان والسعادة .* ذكر من قال ذلك:13756- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح قال، حدثني معاوية بن صالح, عن ابن عباس قوله: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، وهم أهل الشقاء = ثم قال: (إلا أن يشاء الله)، وهم أهل السعادة الذين سبق لهم في علمه أن يدخلوا في الإيمان .* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب، قولُ ابن عباس, لأن الله جل ثناؤه عمَّ بقوله: (ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، القوم الذين تقدّم ذكرهم في قوله: وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ جَاءَتْهُمْ آيَةٌ لَيُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهَا .وقد يجوز أن يكون الذين سألوا الآية كانوا هم المستهزئين الذين قال ابن جريج إنهم عُنوا بهذه الآية، ولكن لا دلالة في ظاهر التنـزيل على ذلك، ولا خبر تقوم به حجة بأن ذلك كذلك . والخبر من الله خارجٌ مخرجَ العموم, فالقول بأنَّ ذلك عنى به أهل الشقاء منهم أولى، لما وصفنا .* * *واختلفت القرأة في قراءة قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا).فقرأته قرأة أهل المدينة: " قِبَلا "، بكسر " القاف " وفتح " الباء ", بمعنى: معاينةً= من قول القائل: " لقيته قِبَلا "، أي معاينة ومُجاهرةً .* * *وقرأ ذلك عامة قرأة الكوفيين والبصريين: ( وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا )، بضم " القاف "،" والباء " .وإذا قرئ كذلك، كان له من التأويل ثلاثة أوجه:أحدها أن يكون " القبل " جمع " قبيل "، كالرُّغُف التي هي جمع " رغيف ", و " القُضُب " التي هي جمع " قضيب ", ويكون " القبل "، الضمناء والكفلاء= وإذا كان ذلك معناه, كان تأويل الكلام: وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء كُفَلاء يكفلون لهم بأن الذي نعدهم على إيمانهم بالله إن آمنوا، أو نوعدهم على كفرهم بالله إن هلكوا على كفرهم, ما آمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله .والوجه الآخر: أن يكون " القبل " بمعنى المقابلة والمواجهة, من قول القائل: " أتيتُك قُبُلا لا دُبُرًا ", إذا أتاه من قبل وجهه .والوجه الثالث: أن يكون معناه: وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبيلةً قبيلةً, صنفًا صنفًا, وجماعة جماعةً ، فيكون " القبل " حينئذ جمع " قبيل "، الذي هو ج مع " قبيلة ", فيكون " القبل " جمع الجمع . (1)* * *وبكل ذلك قد قالت جماعة من أهل التأويل .* ذكر من قال: معنى ذلك: معاينةً .13757- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح قال، حدثني معاوية بن صالح, عن علي بن أبي طلحة, عن ابن عباس: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، يقول: معاينة .13758- حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد, عن قتادة: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، حتى يعاينوا ذلك معاينة=(ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله) .* * ** ذكر من قال: معنى ذلك: قبيلة قبيلة، صنفًا صنفًا .13759- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد: من قرأ: (قُبُلا)، معناه: قبيلا قبيلا .13760- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج, عن ابن جريج قال، قال مجاهد: (قُبُلا)، أفواجًا, قبيلا قبيلا .13761- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا أحمد بن يونس, عن أبي خيثمة قال، حدثنا أبان بن تغلب قال، حدثني طلحة أن مجاهدًا قرأ في" الأنعام ": (كل شيء قُبُلا)، قال: قبائل, قبيلا وقبيلا وقبيلا .* * ** ذكر من قال: معناه: مقابلةً .13762- حدثني محمد بن سعد قال، حدثني أبي قال، حدثني عمي قال، حدثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس قوله: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، يقول: لو استقبلهم ذلك كله, لم يؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله .13763- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، قال: حشروا إليهم جميعًا, فقابلوهم وواجهوهم .13764- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد: قرأ عيسى: (قُبُلا) ومعناه: عيانًا .* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القراءتين في ذلك بالصواب عندنا, قراءةُ من قرأ: ( وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا )، بضم " القاف " و " الباء "، لما ذكرنا من احتمال ذلك الأوجهَ التي بينّا من المعاني, وأن معنى " القِبَل " داخلٌ فيه, وغير داخل في القبل معاني" القِبَل " .* * *وأما قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم)، فإن معناه: وجمعنا عليهم, وسقنا إليهم . (2)-------------------------الهوامش :(1) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1 : 350 ، 351 .(2) انظر تفسير (( حشر )) فيما سلف 457 : 11 ، تعليق : 5 ، والمراجع هناك .
( ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة ) فرأوهم عيانا ، ( وكلمهم الموتى ) بإحيائنا إياهم فشهدوا لك بالنبوة كما سألوا ، ( وحشرنا ) وجمعنا ، ( عليهم كل شيء قبلا ) قرأ أهل المدينة وابن عامر " قبلا " بكسر القاف وفتح الباء ، أي معاينة ، وقرأ الآخرون بضم القاف والباء ، هو جمع قبيل ، وهو الكفيل ، مثل رغيف ورغف ، وقضيب وقضب أي : ضمناء وكفلاء ، وقيل : هو جمع قبيل وهو القبيلة ، أي : فوجا فوجا ، وقيل : هو بمعنى المقابلة والمواجهة ، من قولهم : أتيتك قبلا لا دبرا إذا أتاه من قبل وجهه ، ( ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله ) ذلك ، ( ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون ) .
جملة { وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا } معطوفة على جملة { وما يُشعركم } [ الأنعام : 109 ] باعتبار كون جملة { وما يُشعركم عطفاً على جملة قل إنّما الآيات عند الله } [ الأنعام : 109 ] ، فتكون ثلاثتها ردّا على مضمون جملة { وأقسموا بالله جَهْد أيمانهم لئن جاءتهم آية } [ الأنعام : 109 ] إلخ ، وبيانا لجملة { وما يشعركم أنّها إذا جاءت لا يؤمنون } [ الأنعام : 109 ].روى عن ابن عبّاس : أنّ المستهزئين ، الوليدَ بن المغيرة ، والعاصي بن وائل ، والأسودَ بن عَبْدِ يغوثَ ، والأسودَ بنَ المطّلب ، والحارثَ بن حنظلة ، من أهل مكّة . أتوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في رَهْط من أهل مكّة فقالوا : " أرِنا الملائكةَ يشهدون لك أوْ ابعث لنا بعض موتانا فنسألهم : أحقّ ما تقول " وقيل : إن المشركين قالوا : «لا نؤمن لك حتَّى يُحشر قُصَيٌ فيُخبِرَنا بصِدْقك أو ائتِنا بالله والملائكة قبيلاً أي كفيلاً » فنزل قوله تعالى : { ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة } للردّ عليهم . وحكى الله عنهم { وقالوا لن نؤمن لك إلى قوله أو تأتي بالله والملائكة قبيلا في سورة الإسراء : ( 90 92 ). وذَكر ثلاثة أشياء من خوارق العادات مسايرة لمقترحاتهم ، لأنَّهم اقترحوا ذلك .وقوله : وحَشَرنا عليهم كلّ شيء } يشير إلى مجموع ما سألوه وغيرِه . والحَشر : الجمع ، ومنه : { وحُشر لسليمان جنوده } [ النمل : 17 ]. وضمّن معنى البعث والإرسَاللِ فعُدّي بعلَى كما قال تعالى : { بعثنا عليكم عباداً لنا } [ الإسراء : 5 ]. و { كل شيء } يعمّ الموجودات كلّها . لكن المقام يخصّصه بكلّ شيء ممّا سألوه ، أو من جنس خوارق العادات والآيات ، فهذا من العام المراد به الخصوص مثل قوله تعالى ، في ريح عاد { تدمر كل شيء بأمر ربها } [ الأحقاف : 25 ] والقرينة هي ما ذكر قبله من قوله : { ولو أنَّنا نزّلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلّمهم الموتى }.وقوله : { قِبَلاً } قرأه نافع ، وابن عامر ، وأبو جعفر بكسر القاف وفتح الباء ، وهو بمعنى المقابلة والمواجهة ، أي حشرنا كلّ شيء من ذلك عياناً . وقرأه الباقون بضمّ القاف والباء وهو لغة في قِبَل بمعنى المواجهة والمعاينة؛ وتأوّلها بعض المفسّرين بتأويلات أخرى بعيدة عن الاستعمال ، وغير مناسبة للمعنى .و { ما كانوا ليؤمنوا } هو أشدّ من ( لا يؤمنون ) تقوية لنفي إيمانهم ، مع ذلك كلّه ، لأنَّهم معاندون مكابرون غير طالبين للحقّ ، لأنَّهم لو طَلَبوا الحقّ بإنصاف لكفتْهم معجزة القرآن ، إنْ لَمْ يكفهم وضوح الحقّ فيما يدْعُو إليه الرّسول عليه الصلاة والسلام . فالمعنى : الإخبار عن انتفاء إيمانهم في أجدر الأحوال بأن يؤمن لها من يؤمن ، فكيف إذا لم يكن ذلك . والمقصود انتفاء إيمانهم أبداً .{ ولو } هذه هي المسماة { لَوْ } الصهيبية ، وسنشرح القول فيها عند قوله تعالى : { ولو أسمعهم لتولوا وهم معرضون } في سورة الأنفال ( 23 ).وقوله : { إلا أن يشاء الله } استثناء من عموم الأحوال التي تضمّنها عموم نفي إيمانهم ، فالتّقدير : إلاّ بمشيئة الله ، أي حال أن يشاء الله تغيير قلوبهم فيؤمنوا طوعاً ، أو أن يكرههم على الإيمان بأن يسلّط عليهم رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم كما أراد الله ذلك بفتح مكّة وما بعده .ففي قوله : { إلا أن يشاء الله } تعريض بوعد المسلمين بذلك ، وحذفت الباء مع «أنْ» .ووقع إظهار اسم الجلالة في مقام الإضمار : لأنّ اسم الجلالة يوميء إلى مقام الإطلاق وهو مقامُ { لا يُسأل عمّا يفعل } [ الأنبياء : 23 ] ، ويومىء إلى أنّ ذلك جرى على حسب الحكمة لأنّ اسم الجلالة يتضمّن جميع صفات الكمال .والاستدراك بقوله : { ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون } راجع إلى قوله : { إلا أن يشاء الله } المقتضي أنّهم يؤمنون إذا شاء الله إيمانهم : ذلك أنَّهم ما سألوا الآيات إلاّ لتوجيه بقائهم على دينهم ، فإنَّهم كانوا مصمّمين على نبذ دعوة الإيمان ، وإنَّما يتعلَّلون بالعلل بطلب الآيات استهزاء ، فكان إيمانهم في نظرهم من قبيل المحال ، فبيّن الله لهم أنَّه إذا شاء إيمانَهم آمنوا ، فالجهل على هذا المعنى : هو ضدّ العلم . وفي هذا زيادة تنبيه إلى ما أشار إليه قوله : { إلا أن يشاء الله } من أنّ ذلك سيكون ، وقد حصل إيمان كثير منهم بعد هذه الآية . وإسناد الجهل إلى أكثرهم يدلّ على أنّ منهم عقلاء يحسبون ذلك .ويجوز أن يكون الاستدراك راجعاً إلى ما تضمّنه الشّرط وجوابُه : من انتفاء إيمانهم مع إظهار الآيات لهم ، أي لا يؤمنون ، ويزيدهم ذلك جهلاً على جهلهم ، فيكون المراد بالجهل ضدّ الحلم ، لأنَّهم مستهزئون ، وإسناد الجهل إلى أكثرهم لإخراج قليل منهم وهم أهل الرأي والحلم فإنَّهم يرجى إيمانهم ، لو ظهرت لهم الآيات ، وبهذا التّفسير يظهر موقع الاستدراك .فضمير { يجهلون } عائد إلى المشركين لا محالة كبقية الضّمائر التي قبله .
تفسير الآيتين 110 و111 : { وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَارَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَنَذَرُهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ } أي: ونعاقبهم، إذا لم يؤمنوا أول مرة يأتيهم فيها الداعي، وتقوم عليهم الحجة، بتقليب القلوب، والحيلولة بينهم وبين الإيمان، وعدم التوفيق لسلوك الصراط المستقيم. وهذا من عدل الله، وحكمته بعباده، فإنهم الذين جنوا على أنفسهم، وفتح لهم الباب فلم يدخلوا، وبين لهم الطريق فلم يسلكوا، فبعد ذلك إذا حرموا التوفيق، كان مناسبا لأحوالهم. وكذلك تعليقهم الإيمان بإرادتهم، ومشيئتهم وحدهم، وعدم الاعتماد على الله من أكبر الغلط، فإنهم لو جاءتهم الآيات العظيمة، من تنزيل الملائكة إليهم، يشهدون للرسول بالرسالة، وتكليم الموتى وبعثهم بعد موتهم، وحشر كل شيء إليهم حتى يكلمهم { قُبُلًا } ومشاهدة، ومباشرة، بصدق ما جاء به الرسول ما حصل منهم الإيمان، إذا لم يشأ الله إيمانهم، ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون. فلذلك رتبوا إيمانهم، على مجرد إتيان الآيات، وإنما العقل والعلم، أن يكون العبد مقصوده اتباع الحق، ويطلبه بالطرق التي بينها الله، ويعمل بذلك، ويستعين ربه في اتباعه، ولا يتكل على نفسه وحوله وقوته، ولا يطلب من الآيات الاقتراحية ما لا فائدة فيه.
قوله تعالى ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله ولكن أكثرهم يجهلونقوله تعالى ولو أننا نزلنا إليهم الملائكة فرأوهم عيانا .وكلمهم الموتى بإحيائنا إياهم .وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء سألوه من الآيات ." قبلا " مقابلة ; عن ابن عباس وقتادة وابن زيد . وهي قراءة نافع وابن عامر . وقيل : معاينة ، لما آمنوا . وقال محمد بن يزيد : يكون " قبلا " بمعنى ناحية ; كما تقول : لي قبل فلان مال ; فقبلا نصب على الظرف . وقرأ الباقون " قبلا " بضم القاف والباء ، ومعناه ضمناء ; فيكون جمع قبيل بمعنى كفيل ، نحو رغيف ورغف ; كما قال : أو تأتي بالله والملائكة قبيلا ; أي يضمنون ذلك ; عن الفراء . وقال الأخفش : هو بمعنى قبيل قبيل ; أي جماعة جماعة ، وقاله مجاهد ، وهو نصب على الحال على القولين . وقال محمد بن يزيد قبلا أي مقابلة ; ومنه إن كان قميصه قد من قبل . ومنه قبل الرجل ودبره لما كان من بين يديه ومن ورائه . ومنه قبل الحيض . حكى أبو زيد : لقيت فلانا قبلا ومقابلة وقبلا وقبلا ، كله بمعنى المواجهة ; فيكون الضم كالكسر في المعنى وتستوي القراءتان ; قاله مكي . وقرأ الحسن " قبلا " حذف الضمة من الباء لثقلها . وعلى قول الفراء يكون فيه نطق ما لا ينطق ، وفي كفالة ما لا يعقل آية عظيمة لهم . وعلى قول الأخفش يكون فيه [ ص: 61 ] اجتماع الأجناس الذي ليس بمعهود . والحشر الجمع .ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله " أن " في موضع استثناء ليس من الأول ; أي لكن إن شاء ذلك لهم . وقيل : الاستثناء لأهل السعادة الذين سبق لهم في علم الله الإيمان . وفي هذا تسلية للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم .ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون أي يجهلون الحق . وقيل : يجهلون أنه لا يجوز اقتراح الآيات بعد أن رأوا آية واحدة .
Wisdom lies in man’s acceptance of God’s plan and in preparing himself to regulate his mind according to that plan. Conversely, it would be foolish for a man to have a self-made standard instead of God’s plan and to maintain that he will accept anything which conforms to that standard and will reject anything which does not. For such a man there is nothing but perdition in this world. In this world of God man can reach his goal only by adopting the ways laid down by God—not by departing from them.
On Signs and Miracles
The previous verses had mentioned how obstinate people failed to benefit from clear signs of Allah and open miracles of His Messenger and kept on denying the message of truth. The present verses mention how they took a new turn, and demanded particular miracles from the Holy Prophet ﷺ . As reported by Ibn Jarir, the Quraysh chiefs asked that they be shown the miracle of turning the Mount of Safa into solid gold; if so, they would accept that he was a prophet and messenger, and that they would embrace Islam. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: All right, make a solid agreement that, if this miracle is shown, all of you will become Muslims. They took solemn oaths. The Holy Prophet ﷺ stood up to pray that Allah turns the Mount into gold. Sayyidna Jibra'il (علیہا السلام) came with Wahy which said: If you wish, We shall make this whole Mount a Mount of gold, but the consequence will be that, according to the customary Divine Law, all of them - if they still fail to believe - shall be destroyed through a mass punishment, as has been happening with past communities who demanded a miracle which was shown, yet they reverted back to denial when the wrath and punishment of Allah overtook them. Since the Holy Prophet ﷺ was aware of their habitual obstinacy, and because he was in mercy the foremost, he said that he was not going to pray for that miracle anymore. Thereupon, the following verse was revealed: وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّـهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ (And they swore by Allah on eloquent oaths - 109). Reported here is the sworn saying of the disbelievers that they would embrace Islam if they can see the miracle demanded by them. After that, in the sentence which follows immediately, it was said: إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِندَ اللَّـهِ (Signs are, definitely, with Allah - 109). This contains an answer to their saying. It has been declared here that all signs and miracles are within the power and control of Allah Ta` a1a. As for the miracles already manifested, they too were from Him - and those being demanded now, they too lie within His absolute control. But, according to the dictate of reason and justice, they had no right to make such a demand - because, the Holy Prophet ﷺ claims to be a Messenger of Allah, in support of which, he has already presented proofs and evidences in the form of miracles. Now, the other party does have the right to question these proofs and evidences by showing the proofs of their being false. But, the attitude of not cross-examining evidences presented and yet demanding some other evidences would be like the scenario in a law court where the respondent would avoid cross-examining the witness presented by the plaintiff and take the plea that he does not accept the evidence of these witnesses and that he would accept what is said particularly by such and such a person in his statement. Obviously, no court would consider this plea worth hearing.
Similar is the case of the veracity of a prophet or Rasul of Allah. To that end there are many clear signs and miracles before those who disbelieve. Now, unless they prove that these signs and miracles are false, they have no right to say that they would rather like to see a miracle of this or that kind before they could believe.
After that, upto the end of the cited verses, Muslims have been directly instructed that their duty is to stay firm on the true faith in their individual capacity, as well as convey it to others correctly and properly. If they, even then, show signs of rigidness and obstinacy, one should not worry about them because no one has to be forced into becoming a Muslim. If this was what could be done by force, who can claim to have greater coercive power than Allah Ta` ala. He Himself would have made everyone a Muslim. And in order to give Muslims their peace of heart, it was also explained in the verse that these people will not believe even if Allah were to show them the miracles of their choice openly and clearly. The reason was that their denial was not based on any misunderstanding or lack of awareness. In fact, it was due to their hostility and obstinacy - a disease which cannot be treated by miracles. In verse 111 وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ , it has been said that these people, if they were shown all miracles demanded by them, in fact, even if they were made to meet with angels and talk to the dead, they would still not believe. In the two verses that follow (112 113), the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been comforted by saying that the hostility of such people against him is nothing surprising. Past prophets too had their enemies - so, let him not be sad about it.
(And though We should send down the angels) as they have asked and testified in favour of that which they denied (unto them) unto those who sneer, (and the dead should speak unto them) from their graves, as they asked, telling them that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger and that the Qur'an is Allah's speech, (and We should gather against them all things) of birds and beasts (in array) face to face, testifying that what We say is the Truth and affirming that which they have denied, (they would not believe) in Muhammad and the Qur'an (unless Allah so willed) that they believe. (Howbeit, most of them are ignorant) that it is the Truth from Allah.
أَوْ تَأْتِىَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَـئِكَةِ قَبِيلاً
(or you bring Allah and the angels before (us) face to face.) 17:92
قَالُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ حَتَّى نُؤْتَى مِثْلَ مَآ أُوتِىَ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ
(They said: "We shall not believe until we receive the like of that which the Messengers of Allah had received.") 6:124 and,
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَرْجُونَ لِقَآءَنَا لَوْلاَ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَـئِكَةُ أَوْ نَرَى رَبَّنَا لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَعَتَوْا عُتُوّاً كَبِيراً
(And those who expect not a meeting with Us said: "Why are not the angels sent down to us, or why do we not see our Lord" Indeed they think too highly of themselves, and are scornful with great pride.) 25:21 Allah said,
وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى
(and the dead had spoken unto them,) This is, to inform them of the truth of what the Messengers brought them;
وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ قُبُلاً
(and We had gathered together all things before them,) before their eyes, as `Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas. This is the view of Qatadah and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. This Ayah means, if all nations were gathered before them, one after the other, and each one testifies to the truth of what the Messengers came with,
مَّا كَانُواْ لِيُؤْمِنُواْ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ
(they would not have believed, unless Allah willed,) for guidance is with Allah not with them. Certainly, Allah guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and He does what He wills,
لاَ يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْـَلُونَ
(He cannot be questioned about what He does, while they will be questioned.) 21:23, This is due to His knowledge, wisdom, power, supreme authority and irresistibility. Similarly, Allah said,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ
(Truly, those, against whom the Word (wrath) of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment.) 10:96-97
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed. He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. “If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?” Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You? What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You? By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without You The belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, “Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.” Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, “It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
Were We to send down the angels to them, were the dead to speak to them, and were We to muster all things in front of them, they would still not have faith, unless God willed.He is speaking about those rejected by the Presence, those driven away by severance. �If We were to send the angels of heaven-the proximate and the cherubim, the emissaries and the pi- ous, the watchers over the decree and the measuring out, the trustees of the Exalted Threshold- to the earth to invite the abandoned to Us and to report about Us; and if We were to muster the dead in the earth to direct them to Our threshold; and if We were to bestow eloquence on all the animals and inanimate things, the entities and bodies of the created things, the form and essence of the determined things, and the instances and individuals of the known things and send these to them to offer them the signs of Our divinity and the signposts of Our lordhood so that they may see and know all of the reports, still, as long as I, who am the Lord, did not want and did not show them the road, they would not have faith and they would not find the way to recognize Us. How can a handful of dust talk about the eternal were it not for the eternal solicitude and want of the Generous?�Who is the heart that it should scatter pearls without You?What is the body that it should run a kingdom without You?By God, intelligence does not know the way without You, the spirit has not the gall to remain without YouThe belief of the Folk of the Sunnah is that as long as the Exalted Lord does not make Himself recognized to the servant's heart, and as long as He does not fix the marks that bear witness to the eternal attributes in the servant's heart, the servant will not find the road to recognition of Him. This is why the ulama of the Sunnah and the leaders of emulation have said, �Recognition becomes necessary when transmitted, requisite when conveyed, and acquired when made known.� Indeed, it is a candle, but when will He light it? It is a pearl, but where will He deposit it? God says, �It is one of My secrets that I deposit in the hearts of those whom I love among My servants.
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلائِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا مَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا إِلا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَجْهَلُونَ (111)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا محمد, آيسْ من فلاح هؤلاء العادلين بربهم الأوثانَ والأصنام ، القائلين لك: " لئن جئتنا بآية لنؤمنن لك ", فإننا لو نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة حتى يروها عيانًا، وكلمهم الموتى بإحيائنا إياهم حُجَّةً لك، ودلالة على نبوّتك, وأخبروهم أنك محقٌّ فيما تقول, وأن ما جئتهم به حقٌّ من عند الله, وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء فجعلناهُم لك قبلا ما آمنوا ولا صدّقوك ولا اتبعوك إلا أن يشاء الله ذلك لمن شاء منهم =(ولكن أكثرهم يجهلون)، يقول: ولكن أكثر هؤلاء المشركين يجهلون أن ذلك كذلك, يحسبون أن الإيمان إليهم، والكفرَ بأيديهم, متى شاؤوا آمنوا، ومتى شاؤوا كفروا . وليس ذلك كذلك, ذلك بيدي, لا يؤمن منهم إلا من هديته له فوفقته, ولا يكفر إلا من خذلته عن الرشد فأضللته .* * *وقيل: إن ذلك نـزل في المستهزئين برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, وما جاء به من عند الله, من مشركي قريش .* ذكر من قال ذلك:13755- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا حجاج, عن ابن جريج قال: نـزلت في المستهزئين الذين سألوا النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الآية, فقال: قُلْ ، يا محمد، إِنَّمَا الآيَاتُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُشْعِرُكُمْ أَنَّهَا إِذَا جَاءَتْ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ ، ونـزل فيهم: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا) .* * *وقال آخرون: إنما قيل: (ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، يراد به أهل الشقاء, وقيل: (إلا أن يشاء الله)، فاستثنى ذلك من قوله: (ليؤمنوا)، يراد به أهل الإيمان والسعادة .* ذكر من قال ذلك:13756- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح قال، حدثني معاوية بن صالح, عن ابن عباس قوله: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، وهم أهل الشقاء = ثم قال: (إلا أن يشاء الله)، وهم أهل السعادة الذين سبق لهم في علمه أن يدخلوا في الإيمان .* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب، قولُ ابن عباس, لأن الله جل ثناؤه عمَّ بقوله: (ما كانوا ليؤمنوا)، القوم الذين تقدّم ذكرهم في قوله: وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ جَاءَتْهُمْ آيَةٌ لَيُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهَا .وقد يجوز أن يكون الذين سألوا الآية كانوا هم المستهزئين الذين قال ابن جريج إنهم عُنوا بهذه الآية، ولكن لا دلالة في ظاهر التنـزيل على ذلك، ولا خبر تقوم به حجة بأن ذلك كذلك . والخبر من الله خارجٌ مخرجَ العموم, فالقول بأنَّ ذلك عنى به أهل الشقاء منهم أولى، لما وصفنا .* * *واختلفت القرأة في قراءة قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا).فقرأته قرأة أهل المدينة: " قِبَلا "، بكسر " القاف " وفتح " الباء ", بمعنى: معاينةً= من قول القائل: " لقيته قِبَلا "، أي معاينة ومُجاهرةً .* * *وقرأ ذلك عامة قرأة الكوفيين والبصريين: ( وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا )، بضم " القاف "،" والباء " .وإذا قرئ كذلك، كان له من التأويل ثلاثة أوجه:أحدها أن يكون " القبل " جمع " قبيل "، كالرُّغُف التي هي جمع " رغيف ", و " القُضُب " التي هي جمع " قضيب ", ويكون " القبل "، الضمناء والكفلاء= وإذا كان ذلك معناه, كان تأويل الكلام: وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء كُفَلاء يكفلون لهم بأن الذي نعدهم على إيمانهم بالله إن آمنوا، أو نوعدهم على كفرهم بالله إن هلكوا على كفرهم, ما آمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله .والوجه الآخر: أن يكون " القبل " بمعنى المقابلة والمواجهة, من قول القائل: " أتيتُك قُبُلا لا دُبُرًا ", إذا أتاه من قبل وجهه .والوجه الثالث: أن يكون معناه: وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبيلةً قبيلةً, صنفًا صنفًا, وجماعة جماعةً ، فيكون " القبل " حينئذ جمع " قبيل "، الذي هو ج مع " قبيلة ", فيكون " القبل " جمع الجمع . (1)* * *وبكل ذلك قد قالت جماعة من أهل التأويل .* ذكر من قال: معنى ذلك: معاينةً .13757- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن صالح قال، حدثني معاوية بن صالح, عن علي بن أبي طلحة, عن ابن عباس: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، يقول: معاينة .13758- حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد, عن قتادة: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، حتى يعاينوا ذلك معاينة=(ما كانوا ليؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله) .* * ** ذكر من قال: معنى ذلك: قبيلة قبيلة، صنفًا صنفًا .13759- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد: من قرأ: (قُبُلا)، معناه: قبيلا قبيلا .13760- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج, عن ابن جريج قال، قال مجاهد: (قُبُلا)، أفواجًا, قبيلا قبيلا .13761- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا أحمد بن يونس, عن أبي خيثمة قال، حدثنا أبان بن تغلب قال، حدثني طلحة أن مجاهدًا قرأ في" الأنعام ": (كل شيء قُبُلا)، قال: قبائل, قبيلا وقبيلا وقبيلا .* * ** ذكر من قال: معناه: مقابلةً .13762- حدثني محمد بن سعد قال، حدثني أبي قال، حدثني عمي قال، حدثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس قوله: (ولو أننا نـزلنا إليهم الملائكة وكلمهم الموتى وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، يقول: لو استقبلهم ذلك كله, لم يؤمنوا إلا أن يشاء الله .13763- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم كل شيء قبلا)، قال: حشروا إليهم جميعًا, فقابلوهم وواجهوهم .13764- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد: قرأ عيسى: (قُبُلا) ومعناه: عيانًا .* * *قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القراءتين في ذلك بالصواب عندنا, قراءةُ من قرأ: ( وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قُبُلا )، بضم " القاف " و " الباء "، لما ذكرنا من احتمال ذلك الأوجهَ التي بينّا من المعاني, وأن معنى " القِبَل " داخلٌ فيه, وغير داخل في القبل معاني" القِبَل " .* * *وأما قوله: (وحشرنا عليهم)، فإن معناه: وجمعنا عليهم, وسقنا إليهم . (2)-------------------------الهوامش :(1) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1 : 350 ، 351 .(2) انظر تفسير (( حشر )) فيما سلف 457 : 11 ، تعليق : 5 ، والمراجع هناك .
On Signs and Miracles
The previous verses had mentioned how obstinate people failed to benefit from clear signs of Allah and open miracles of His Messenger and kept on denying the message of truth. The present verses mention how they took a new turn, and demanded particular miracles from the Holy Prophet ﷺ . As reported by Ibn Jarir, the Quraysh chiefs asked that they be shown the miracle of turning the Mount of Safa into solid gold; if so, they would accept that he was a prophet and messenger, and that they would embrace Islam. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: All right, make a solid agreement that, if this miracle is shown, all of you will become Muslims. They took solemn oaths. The Holy Prophet ﷺ stood up to pray that Allah turns the Mount into gold. Sayyidna Jibra'il (علیہا السلام) came with Wahy which said: If you wish, We shall make this whole Mount a Mount of gold, but the consequence will be that, according to the customary Divine Law, all of them - if they still fail to believe - shall be destroyed through a mass punishment, as has been happening with past communities who demanded a miracle which was shown, yet they reverted back to denial when the wrath and punishment of Allah overtook them. Since the Holy Prophet ﷺ was aware of their habitual obstinacy, and because he was in mercy the foremost, he said that he was not going to pray for that miracle anymore. Thereupon, the following verse was revealed: وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّـهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ (And they swore by Allah on eloquent oaths - 109). Reported here is the sworn saying of the disbelievers that they would embrace Islam if they can see the miracle demanded by them. After that, in the sentence which follows immediately, it was said: إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِندَ اللَّـهِ (Signs are, definitely, with Allah - 109). This contains an answer to their saying. It has been declared here that all signs and miracles are within the power and control of Allah Ta` a1a. As for the miracles already manifested, they too were from Him - and those being demanded now, they too lie within His absolute control. But, according to the dictate of reason and justice, they had no right to make such a demand - because, the Holy Prophet ﷺ claims to be a Messenger of Allah, in support of which, he has already presented proofs and evidences in the form of miracles. Now, the other party does have the right to question these proofs and evidences by showing the proofs of their being false. But, the attitude of not cross-examining evidences presented and yet demanding some other evidences would be like the scenario in a law court where the respondent would avoid cross-examining the witness presented by the plaintiff and take the plea that he does not accept the evidence of these witnesses and that he would accept what is said particularly by such and such a person in his statement. Obviously, no court would consider this plea worth hearing.
Similar is the case of the veracity of a prophet or Rasul of Allah. To that end there are many clear signs and miracles before those who disbelieve. Now, unless they prove that these signs and miracles are false, they have no right to say that they would rather like to see a miracle of this or that kind before they could believe.
After that, upto the end of the cited verses, Muslims have been directly instructed that their duty is to stay firm on the true faith in their individual capacity, as well as convey it to others correctly and properly. If they, even then, show signs of rigidness and obstinacy, one should not worry about them because no one has to be forced into becoming a Muslim. If this was what could be done by force, who can claim to have greater coercive power than Allah Ta` ala. He Himself would have made everyone a Muslim. And in order to give Muslims their peace of heart, it was also explained in the verse that these people will not believe even if Allah were to show them the miracles of their choice openly and clearly. The reason was that their denial was not based on any misunderstanding or lack of awareness. In fact, it was due to their hostility and obstinacy - a disease which cannot be treated by miracles. In verse 111 وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ , it has been said that these people, if they were shown all miracles demanded by them, in fact, even if they were made to meet with angels and talk to the dead, they would still not believe. In the two verses that follow (112 113), the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been comforted by saying that the hostility of such people against him is nothing surprising. Past prophets too had their enemies - so, let him not be sad about it.
(And though We should send down the angels) as they have asked and testified in favour of that which they denied (unto them) unto those who sneer, (and the dead should speak unto them) from their graves, as they asked, telling them that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger and that the Qur'an is Allah's speech, (and We should gather against them all things) of birds and beasts (in array) face to face, testifying that what We say is the Truth and affirming that which they have denied, (they would not believe) in Muhammad and the Qur'an (unless Allah so willed) that they believe. (Howbeit, most of them are ignorant) that it is the Truth from Allah.