Mary — Verse 65
19:65 · Maryam
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رَّبُّ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَیۡنَهُمَا فَٱعۡبُدۡهُ وَٱصۡطَبِرۡ لِعِبَـٰدَتِهِۦۚ هَلۡ تَعۡلَمُ لَهُۥ سَمِیࣰّا ٦٥
rabbu l-samāwāti wal-arḍi wamā baynahumā fa-uʿ'bud'hu wa-iṣ'ṭabir liʿibādatihi hal taʿlamu lahu samiyya
Mary / Maryam (19:65)
He is Lord of the heavens and earth and everything in between so worship Him: be steadfast in worshipping Him. Do you know of anyone equal to Him?’
rabbu l-samāwāti wal-arḍi wamā baynahumā fa-uʿ'bud'hu wa-iṣ'ṭabir liʿibādatihi hal taʿlamu lahu samiyya
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Tafsir Commentary
The Angels do not descend, except by Allah's Command
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Jibril,
«مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَزُورَنَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تَزُورُنَا؟»
(What prevents you from visiting us more than you do) Then this Ayah was revealed,
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ
(And we descend not except by the command of your Lord.) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording it and he related it with the Tafsir of this Ayah. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Jibril was kept from visiting the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so he was disturbed and grieved because of this. Then, Jibril came to him and said, `O Muhammad,
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ
(And we descend not except by the command of your Lord.)"' Allah said,
لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا
(To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us,) It has been said that the meaning of "what is before us" refers to that which is in this life and "what is behind us" refers to the Hereafter.
وَمَا بَيْنَ ذلِكَ
(and what is between those two;) This means what is between two blows of the Sur. This is the opinion of Abu Al-`Aliyah, `Ikrimah and Mujahid. This was also stated by Sa`id bin Jubayr and Qatadah in one narration from them. As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas held this opinion as well. It has also been said,
مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا
(what is before us) means the future matters of the Hereafter.
وَمَا خَلْفَنَا
(what is behind us,) means what has taken place in this life,
وَمَا بَيْنَ ذلِكَ
(what is between those two;) means what happens between this life and the Hereafter. A statement like this explanation has been reported from Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ibn Jurayj and Ath-Thawri. Ibn Jarir also preferred this latter interpretation. And Allah knows best. Concerning Allah's statement,
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيّاً
(and your Lord is never forgetful.) Mujahid said, "This means that your Lord has not forgotten you." Allah said,
رَّبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا
(Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them,) He created all of that, He is the Disposer of its affairs, He is the Legi- slator over it and He is in absolute control of it, having no one to oppose His decisions.
فَاعْبُدْهُ وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيّاً
(so worship Him and abide patiently in his worship. Do you know of any who is similar to Him) `Ali bin Abi Talhah related that Ibn `Abbas said that this means, "Do you know any comparison or some- thing similar to the Lord" Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah, Ibn Jurayj and others all said the same. `Ikrimah related that Ibn `Abbas said, "There is no one named Ar-Rahman (the Most Beneficent) other than Him, Blessed and Exalted is He. Most Holy is His Name."
وَيَقُولُ الإِنْسَـنُ أَإِذَا مَا مِتُّ لَسَوْفَ أُخْرَجُ حَيّاً - أَوَلاَ يَذْكُرُ إلإِنْسَـنُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَمْ يَكُ شَيْئاً - فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَحْشُرَنَّهُمْ وَالشَّيَـطِينَ ثُمَّ لَنُحْضِرَنَّهُمْ حَوْلَ جَهَنَّمَ جِثِيّاً
He is the Lord the Owner of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them. So worship Him and be steadfast in His worship in other words continue to perform it patiently. Do you know of anyone who could be His namesake? anyone named with that same title? No!
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two. So worship Him, and be patient in His worship. The keeper of heaven and earth, of Throne and Carpet, of land and sea, is He. His command dominates over all, His will penetrates all. The world and the world's folk are all His servants and servitors. The seven heavens and the seven earths and everything within them are all His posses- sion and kingdom. This is a king whose kingship has no removal, whose exaltedness has no abasement, whose seriousness has no levity, whose decree has no rejection, and from whom there is no escape. He revealed to Moses, “'I am the remedy that clings to you, so cling to the remedy.' O Moses, I am unavoidable to you. Everything can be avoided, but there is no avoiding Me. Everything can be escaped, but there is no escaping Me. Be a servant, for a servant has no artifice better than servanthood.” This is why the Lord of the Worlds says in this verse, “So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.” The burden of servanthood is a heavy burden, and the road of the Law's prescription is difficult. Since you know who placed this burden and how to take care of the burden in this road, be patient and do not complain. Whenever someone recognizes the Real's majesty and knows the destination of this road, the hands of his self-determination will fall short of the two realms of be- ing and the feet of his passion will always be in the road. For him the bottom of a well will be like chieftainship and status. The Pir of the Tariqah said, “O God, sometimes I say I'm in the devil's grasp, so much cover- ing do I see. Then at times a light shines next to which all mortal nature disappears. “O God, since the eyes are still waiting for face-to-face vision, what is this trial of the heart? Since this path is all trial, why is there so much pleasure? “O God, sometimes I spoke to You and sometimes I listened. In the midst of my offenses I thought of Your gentleness. I suffered what I suffered. All became sweet when I heard the voice of acceptance.”
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two. So worship Him, and be patient in His worship. The keeper of heaven and earth, of Throne and Carpet, of land and sea, is He. His command dominates over all, His will penetrates all. The world and the world's folk are all His servants and servitors. The seven heavens and the seven earths and everything within them are all His posses- sion and kingdom. This is a king whose kingship has no removal, whose exaltedness has no abasement, whose seriousness has no levity, whose decree has no rejection, and from whom there is no escape. He revealed to Moses, “'I am the remedy that clings to you, so cling to the remedy.' O Moses, I am unavoidable to you. Everything can be avoided, but there is no avoiding Me. Everything can be escaped, but there is no escaping Me. Be a servant, for a servant has no artifice better than servanthood.” This is why the Lord of the Worlds says in this verse, “So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.” The burden of servanthood is a heavy burden, and the road of the Law's prescription is difficult. Since you know who placed this burden and how to take care of the burden in this road, be patient and do not complain. Whenever someone recognizes the Real's majesty and knows the destination of this road, the hands of his self-determination will fall short of the two realms of be- ing and the feet of his passion will always be in the road. For him the bottom of a well will be like chieftainship and status. The Pir of the Tariqah said, “O God, sometimes I say I'm in the devil's grasp, so much cover- ing do I see. Then at times a light shines next to which all mortal nature disappears. “O God, since the eyes are still waiting for face-to-face vision, what is this trial of the heart? Since this path is all trial, why is there so much pleasure? “O God, sometimes I spoke to You and sometimes I listened. In the midst of my offenses I thought of Your gentleness. I suffered what I suffered. All became sweet when I heard the voice of acceptance.”
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two. So worship Him, and be patient in His worship. The keeper of heaven and earth, of Throne and Carpet, of land and sea, is He. His command dominates over all, His will penetrates all. The world and the world's folk are all His servants and servitors. The seven heavens and the seven earths and everything within them are all His posses- sion and kingdom. This is a king whose kingship has no removal, whose exaltedness has no abasement, whose seriousness has no levity, whose decree has no rejection, and from whom there is no escape. He revealed to Moses, “'I am the remedy that clings to you, so cling to the remedy.' O Moses, I am unavoidable to you. Everything can be avoided, but there is no avoiding Me. Everything can be escaped, but there is no escaping Me. Be a servant, for a servant has no artifice better than servanthood.” This is why the Lord of the Worlds says in this verse, “So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.” The burden of servanthood is a heavy burden, and the road of the Law's prescription is difficult. Since you know who placed this burden and how to take care of the burden in this road, be patient and do not complain. Whenever someone recognizes the Real's majesty and knows the destination of this road, the hands of his self-determination will fall short of the two realms of be- ing and the feet of his passion will always be in the road. For him the bottom of a well will be like chieftainship and status. The Pir of the Tariqah said, “O God, sometimes I say I'm in the devil's grasp, so much cover- ing do I see. Then at times a light shines next to which all mortal nature disappears. “O God, since the eyes are still waiting for face-to-face vision, what is this trial of the heart? Since this path is all trial, why is there so much pleasure? “O God, sometimes I spoke to You and sometimes I listened. In the midst of my offenses I thought of Your gentleness. I suffered what I suffered. All became sweet when I heard the voice of acceptance.”
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two. So worship Him, and be patient in His worship. The keeper of heaven and earth, of Throne and Carpet, of land and sea, is He. His command dominates over all, His will penetrates all. The world and the world's folk are all His servants and servitors. The seven heavens and the seven earths and everything within them are all His posses- sion and kingdom. This is a king whose kingship has no removal, whose exaltedness has no abasement, whose seriousness has no levity, whose decree has no rejection, and from whom there is no escape. He revealed to Moses, “'I am the remedy that clings to you, so cling to the remedy.' O Moses, I am unavoidable to you. Everything can be avoided, but there is no avoiding Me. Everything can be escaped, but there is no escaping Me. Be a servant, for a servant has no artifice better than servanthood.” This is why the Lord of the Worlds says in this verse, “So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.” The burden of servanthood is a heavy burden, and the road of the Law's prescription is difficult. Since you know who placed this burden and how to take care of the burden in this road, be patient and do not complain. Whenever someone recognizes the Real's majesty and knows the destination of this road, the hands of his self-determination will fall short of the two realms of be- ing and the feet of his passion will always be in the road. For him the bottom of a well will be like chieftainship and status. The Pir of the Tariqah said, “O God, sometimes I say I'm in the devil's grasp, so much cover- ing do I see. Then at times a light shines next to which all mortal nature disappears. “O God, since the eyes are still waiting for face-to-face vision, what is this trial of the heart? Since this path is all trial, why is there so much pleasure? “O God, sometimes I spoke to You and sometimes I listened. In the midst of my offenses I thought of Your gentleness. I suffered what I suffered. All became sweet when I heard the voice of acceptance.”
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two. So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.The keeper of heaven and earth, of Throne and Carpet, of land and sea, is He. His command dominates over all, His will penetrates all. The world and the world's folk are all His servants and servitors. The seven heavens and the seven earths and everything within them are all His posses- sion and kingdom.This is a king whose kingship has no removal, whose exaltedness has no abasement, whose seriousness has no levity, whose decree has no rejection, and from whom there is no escape. He revealed to Moses, �'I am the remedy that clings to you, so cling to the remedy.' O Moses, I am unavoidable to you. Everything can be avoided, but there is no avoiding Me. Everything can be escaped, but there is no escaping Me. Be a servant, for a servant has no artifice better than servanthood.�This is why the Lord of the Worlds says in this verse, �So worship Him, and be patient in His worship.� The burden of servanthood is a heavy burden, and the road of the Law's prescription is difficult. Since you know who placed this burden and how to take care of the burden in this road, be patient and do not complain. Whenever someone recognizes the Real's majesty and knows the destination of this road, the hands of his self-determination will fall short of the two realms of be- ing and the feet of his passion will always be in the road. For him the bottom of a well will be like chieftainship and status.The Pir of the Tariqah said, �O God, sometimes I say I'm in the devil's grasp, so much cover- ing do I see. Then at times a light shines next to which all mortal nature disappears.�O God, since the eyes are still waiting for face-to-face vision, what is this trial of the heart?Since this path is all trial, why is there so much pleasure?�O God, sometimes I spoke to You and sometimes I listened. In the midst of my offenses I thought of Your gentleness. I suffered what I suffered. All became sweet when I heard the voice of acceptance.�
فهو الله رب السموات والأرض وما بينهما، ومالك ذلك كله وخالقه ومدبره، فاعبده وحده - أيها النبي - واصبر على طاعته أنت ومَن تبعك، ليس كمثله شيء في ذاته وأسمائه وصفاته وأفعاله.
وقوله "رب السموات والأرض وما بينهما" أي خالق ذلك ومدبره والحاكم فيه والمتصرف الذي لا معقب لحكمه "فاعبده واصطبر لعبادته هل تعلم له سميا" قال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس هل تعلم للرب مثلا أو شبيها وكذلك قال مجاهد وسعيد بن جبير وقتادة وابن جريج وغيرهم وقال عكرمة عن ابن عباس ليس أحد يسمى الرحمن غيره تبارك وتعالى وتقدس اسمه.
ثم قال - تعالى - : ( رَّبُّ السماوات والأرض وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ) أى : هو رب السموات والأرض ورب ما بينهما ، وهو خالقهما وخالق كل شىء ، ومالكهما ومالك كل شىء .وما دام الأمر كذلك : ( فاعبده واصطبر لِعِبَادَتِهِ ) أى : فأخلص له العبادة ووطن نفسك على أداء هذه العبادة بصبر وجلد وقوة احتمال ، فإن المداومة على طاعة الله تحتاج إلى عزيمة صادقة ، ومجاهدة للنفس الأمارة بالسوء .والاستفهام فى قوله : ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيّاً ) للإنكار والنفى . والسمى بمعنى المسامى والمضاهى والنظير والشبيه .أى : هل تعلم له نظيرا أو شبيهاً يستحق معه المشاركة فى العبادة أو الطاعة؟ كلا ، إنك لا تعلم ذلك ، لأنه - سبحانه - هو وحده المستحق للعبادة والطاعة ، إذ هو الخالق لكل شىء والعليم بكل شىء ، والقادر على كل شىء ، وما سواء إنما هو مخلوق له ، وساجد له طوعاً أو كرهاً ، ولا شبهة فى صفة من صفاته ، فهو - سبحانه - ( لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السميع البصير ) ثم ساقت السورة الكريمة بعد ذلك موقف المشركين من عقيدة البعث . فحكت أقوالهم الباطلة ، وردت عليهم بما يكبتهم وبينت أن يوم القيامة آت لا ريب فيه ، وأن النجاة فى هذا اليوم للمتقين ، والعذاب والخسران للكافرين قال - تعالى - : ( وَيَقُولُ الإنسان . . . ) .
يقول تعالى ذكره: لم يكن ربك يا محمد ربّ السماوات والأرض وما بينهما نسيا، لأنه لو كان نسيا لم يستقم ذلك، ولهلك لولا حفظه إياه، فالربّ مرفوع ردّا على قوله رَبِّكَ وقوله (فاعْبُدْه) يقول: فالزم طاعته، وذلّ لأمره ونهيه ( وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ ) يقول: واصبر نفسك على النفوذ لأمره ونهيه، والعمل بطاعته، تفز برضاه عنك، فإنه الإله الذي لا مثل له ولا عدل ولا شبيه في جوده وكرمه وفضله ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) يقول: هل تعلم يا محمد لربك هذا الذي أمرناك بعبادته، والصبر على طاعته مثلا في كرمه وجوده، فتعبده رجاء فضله وطوله دونه كلا ما ذلك بموجود.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا عبد الله، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) يقول: هل تعلم للربّ مثلا أو شبيها.حدثني سعيد بن عثمان التنوخي، قال: ثنا إبراهيم بن مهدي، عن عباد بن عوام، عن شعبة، عن الحسن بن عمارة، عن رجل ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) قال: شبيها.حدثني يحيى بن إبراهيم المسعودي، قال: ثنا أبي، عن أبيه، عن جدّه، عن الأعمش، عن مجاهد في هذه الآية ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) قال: هل تعلم له شبيها، هل تعلم له مثلا تبارك وتعالى.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) لا سميّ لله ولا عَدل له، كلّ خلقه يقر له، ويعترف أنه خالقه، ويعرف ذلك، تم يقرأ هذه الآية وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ .حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، في قوله ( هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ) قال: يقول: لا شريك له ولا مثل.
( رب السماوات والأرض وما بينهما فاعبده واصطبر لعبادته ) أي : اصبر على أمره ونهيه ( هل تعلم له سميا ) قال ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما : مثلا .وقال الكلبي : هل تعلم أحدا يسمى " الله " غيره ؟
رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَاعْبُدْهُ وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا (65)جملة مستأنفة من كلام الله تعالى كما يقتضيه قوله { فاعْبُدْهُ } إلى آخره ذيل به الكلام الذي لقنه جبريل المتضمن : أن الملائكة لا يتصرفون إلاّ عن إذن ربّهم وأنّ أحوالهم كلّها في قبضته بما يفيد عموم تصرفه تعالى في سائر الكائنات ، ثمّ فرع عليه أمر الرسول عليه السلام بعبادته ، فقد انتقل الخطاب إليه .وارتفع { رَبُّ السموات } على الخبرية لمبتدأ محذوف ملتزم الحذف في المقام الذي يذكر فيه أحد بأخبار وأوصاف ثم يراد تخصيصه بخبر آخر . وهذا الحذف سمّاه السكاكي بالحذف الذي اتّبِع فيه الاستعمال كقول الصولي أو ابن الزّبير بفتح الزاي وكسر الموحدة :سأشكر عَمْرَاً إنْ تراختْ منيتي ... أياديَ لم تُمنَنْ وإنْ هيَ جلّتِفتىً غيرُ محجوب الغنى عن صديقه ... ولا مظهرُ الشكوى إذا النعل زلّتوالسماوات : العوالم العلوية . والأرض : العالم السفلي ، وما بينهما : الأجواء والآفاق . وتلك الثلاثة تعم سائر الكائنات .والخطاب في { فَاعبُدهُ واصْطَبِر } و { هَلْ تَعْلَمُ } للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلموتفريع الأمر بعبادته على ذلك ظاهر المناسبة ويحصل منه التخلّص إلى التنويه بالتّوحيد وتفظيع الإشراك .والاصطبار : شدّة الصبر على الأمر الشاق ، لأنّ صيغة الافتعال تَرِد لإفادة قوّة الفعل . وكان الشأن أن يعدى الاصطبار بحرف ( على ) كما قال تعالى : { وامر أهلك بالصلاة واصطبر عليها } [ طه : 132 ] ولكنه عدي هنا باللاّم لتضمينه معنى الثّبات . أي اثبت للعبادة ، لأنّ العبادة مراتب كثيرة من مجاهدة النفس ، وقد يغلب بعضها بعض النّفوس فتستطيع الصبر على بعض العبادات دون بعض كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في صلاة العشاء : « هي أثقل صلاة على المنافقين » فلذلك لما أمر الله رسوله بالصبر على العبادة كلها وفيها أصناف جمّة تحتاج إلى ثبات العزيمة ، نزل القائم بالعبادة منزلة المغالب لنفسه ، فعدي الفعل باللاّم كما يقال : اثبت لعُدَاتك .وجملة { هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيّاً } واقعة موقع التعليل للأمر بعبادته والاصطبار عليها .والسميّ هنا الأحسن أن يكون بمعنى المُسامي ، أي المماثل في شؤونه كلها . فعن ابن عباس أنه فسّره بالنظير ، مأخوذاً من المساماة فهو فعيل بمعنى فاعل ، لكنه أخذ من المزيد كقول عمرو بن معد يكرب :أمن ريحانة الداعي السميع ... أي المُسمع . وكما سمي تعالى الحكيم ، أي المُحكم للأمور ، فالسميّ هنا بمعنى المماثل في الصفات بحيث تكون المماثلة في الصفات كالمساماة .والاستفهام إنكاري ، أي لا مسامي لله تعالى ، أي ليس من يساميه ، أي يضاهيه ، موجوداً .وقيل السميّ : المماثل في الاسم . كقوله في ذكر يحيى { لم نجعل له من قبل سمياً } [ مريم : 7 ]. والمعنى : لا تعلم له مماثلاً في اسمه الله ، فإن المشركين لم يسموا شيئاً من أصنامهم الله باللاّم وإنّما يقولون للواحد منها إله ، فانتفاء تسمية غيره من الموجودات المعظمة باسمه كناية عن اعتراف الناس بأن لا مماثل له في صفة الخالقية ، لأنّ المشركين لم يجترئوا على أن يدعوا لآلهتهم الخالقية . قال تعالى : { ولئن سألتهم من خلق السموات والأرض ليقولن الله } [ لقمان : 25 ]. وبذلك يتمّ كون الجملة تعليلاً للأمر بإفراده بالعبادة على هذا الوجه أيضاً .وكنّي بانتفاء العلم بسميّه عن انتفاء وجود سميّ له ، لأنّ العلم يستلزم وجود المعلوم ، وإذا انتفى مماثله انتفى من يستحق العبادة غيره .
ثم علل إحاطة علمه، وعدم نسيانه، بأنه { رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ } فربوبيته للسماوات والأرض، وكونهما على أحسن نظام وأكمله، ليس فيه غفلة ولا إهمال، ولا سدى، ولا باطل، برهان قاطع على علمه الشامل، فلا تشغل نفسك بذلك، بل اشغلها بما ينفعك ويعود عليك طائله، وهو: عبادته وحده لا شريك له، { وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ } أي: اصبر نفسك عليها وجاهدها، وقم عليها أتم القيام وأكملها بحسب قدرتك، وفي الاشتغال بعبادة الله تسلية للعابد عن جميع التعلقات والمشتهيات، كما قال تعالى: { وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ } إلى أن قال: { وَأْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَاصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا } الآية. { هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا } أي: هل تعلم لله مساميا ومشابها ومماثلا من المخلوقين. وهذا استفهام بمعنى النفي، المعلوم بالعقل. أي: لا تعلم له مساميا ولا مشابها، لأنه الرب، وغيره مربوب، الخالق، وغيره مخلوق، الغني من جميع الوجوه، وغيره فقير بالذات من كل وجه، الكامل الذي له الكمال المطلق من جميع الوجوه، وغيره ناقص ليس فيه من الكمال إلا ما أعطاه الله تعالى، فهذا برهان قاطع على أن الله هو المستحق لإفراده بالعبودية، وأن عبادته حق، وعبادة ما سواه باطل، فلهذا أمر بعبادته وحده، والاصطبار لها، وعلل ذلك بكماله وانفراده بالعظمة والأسماء الحسنى.
قوله تعالى : رب السماوات والأرض وما بينهما أي ربهما وخالقهما وخالق ما بينهما ومالكهما ومالك ما بينهما ؛ فكما إليه تدبير الأزمان كذلك إليه تدبير الأعيان . فاعبده أي وحده لذلك . وفي هذا دلالة على أن اكتسابات الخلق مفعولة لله تعالى كما يقوله أهل الحق ، وهو القول الحق لأن الرب في هذا الموضوع لا يمكن حمله على معنى من معانيه إلا على المالك ، وإذا ثبت أنه مالك ما بين السماء والأرض دخل في ذلك اكتساب الخلق ، ووجبت [ ص: 54 ] عبادته لما ثبت أنه المالك على الإطلاق ، وحقيقة العبادة الطاعة بغاية الخضوع ، ولا يستحقها أحد سوى المالك المعبود واصطبر لعبادته أي لطاعته ولا تحزن لتأخير الوحي عنك ، بل اشتغل بما أمرت به ، وأصل اصطبر اصتبر ، فثقل الجمع بين التاء والصاد لاختلافهما ، فأبدل من التاء طاء كما تقول من الصوم اصطام هل تعلم له سميا قال ابن عباس : يريد هل تعلم له ولدا أي نظيرا ؛ أو مثلا ؛ أو شبيها يستحق مثل اسمه الذي هو الرحمن . وقال مجاهد . مأخوذ من المساماة . وروى إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال : هل تعلم له أحدا سمي الرحمن . قال النحاس وهذا أجل إسناد علمته روي في هذا الحرف وهو قول صحيح ولا يقال الرحمن إلا لله .قلت : وقد مضى هذا مبينا في البسملة و " الحمد لله " روى ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد هل تعلم له سميا قال : مثلا . ابن المسيب : عدلا . قتادة والكلبي : هل تعلم أحدا يسمى الله تعالى غير الله أو يقال له الله إلا الله ، وهل بمعنى لا أي لا تعلم والله تعالى أعلم .
When Dawah work is passing through a phase of being thwarted by opposition, it is a very difficult stage for the preacher (da‘i). Not a day passes without the preacher wanting to take some new step to alleviate the difficulties of the situation, whereas God’s will is that he should wait patiently. Once the Prophet Muhammad experienced just such situation. In view of the gravity of the case, he awaited further guidance from God. According to a tradition, forty days passed and still Gabriel did not come. When Gabriel appeared, the Prophet asked him, ‘Why did you take so long?’ He replied that he was bound by God’s will. When he received God’s command, he came down to earth, otherwise he did not. It was against this backdrop that the Prophet is given the advice about exercising patience. God is fully aware of the prevailing conditions and if, this being so, fresh guidance is not forthcoming from Him, it means that what is required is that the current conditions should be tolerated. Had the demands of wisdom been otherwise, then certainly fresh commandments would have been given. There is nobody who knows better than God, and there can be no guidance better than His. It is not correct to seek a commandment on the issue of taking a practical step when the situation warrants maintaining the status quo. Doing so would amount to an attempt to have a commandment revealed prematurely.
Commentary
وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ ("and-persevere in His worship." - 19:65) The word اِصطِبَار ' means perseverance in the face of acute distress and hardship. The point here is that anyone who wishes to be constant and steadfast in. his prayers must be prepared to undergo pain and suffering.
هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا ("Do you know any one worthy of His name?" - 19:65). In the generally accepted sense the word applies to persons bearing the same name. The polytheists and idolaters had included many humans, angels, stones and idols along with Allah Ta` ala in their worship and designated all of them as سَمِیُّ i.e. as objects of worship but it is a strange and extraordinary coincidence that none of their false gods was ever named as Allah. This matter was preordained, and no idol or deity bore the name Allah. Thus, the literal meaning of the word would adequately explain the meaning of this verse which is that there is no object in the world bearing Allah's name.
Many commentators, among them Mujahid, Ibn Zubair, Qatadah, and Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، are of the view that in the present context the word means "a like" or "comparable" and the sense of the verse is that in the entire pantheon of false gods none is equal or comparable to Allah Ta` ala in so far as divine attributes are concerned.
(Lord) Creator (of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them) of created beings and marvels, i.e. Allah. (Therefore, worship thou Him) obey Him (and be thou steadfast in His service) be patient in His worship. (Knowest thou one that can be named along with Him) do you know anyone else whose name is Allah?