Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: O people, Allah is Good and He therefore, accepts only that which is good. And Allah commanded the believers as He commanded the Messengers by saying: "O Messengers, eat of the good things, and do good deeds; verily I am aware of what you do" (xxiii. 51). And He said: "O those…
The Cow — Verse 172
2:172 · al-Baqarah
Verse display
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُلُوا۟ مِن طَیِّبَـٰتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَـٰكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُوا۟ لِلَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ إِیَّاهُ تَعۡبُدُونَ ١٧٢
yāayyuhā alladhīna āmanū kulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum wa-ush'kurū lillahi in kuntum iyyāhu taʿbudūn
The Cow / al-Baqarah (2:172)
Connections 1 multi-source 1 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators
Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 2 verses
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
You who believe, eat the good things We have provided for you and be grateful to God, if it is Him that you worship
yāayyuhā alladhīna āmanū kulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum wa-ush'kurū lillahi in kuntum iyyāhu taʿbudūn
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Hadith References 1
Only hadith that explicitly reference Quranic verses are included, and this selection is not exhaustive. Narrations are curated to match the chosen verses from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, cited via Sunnah.com.
Sahih Muslim
#1015
Sahih
Tafsir Commentary
The Command to eat Pure Things and the Explanation of the Prohibited Things
Allah commands His believing servants to eat from the pure things that He has created for them and to thank Him for it, if they are truly His servants. Eating from pure sources is a cause for the acceptance of supplications and acts of worship, just as eating from impure sources prevents the acceptance of supplications and acts of worship, as mentioned in a Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad, that Abu Hurayrah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللهَ طَيِّبٌ، لَا يَقْبَلُ إِلَّا طَيِّـبًا، وَإنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ، فَقَالَ:
يأَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُواْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ وَاعْمَلُواْ صَـلِحاً إِنِّى بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ
، وَقَالَ:
يـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَـكُمْ
ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الرَّجُلَ يُطِيلُ السَّفَرَ أَشْعَثَ أَغْبَرَ يَمُدُّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ: يَا رَبِّ يَا رَبِّ، وَمَطْعَمُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَمَشْرَبُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَملْبَسُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَغُذِّيَ بالْحَرَامِ فَأَنَّى يُسْتَجَابُ لِذلِكَ؟»
(O people! Allah is Tayyib (Pure and Good) and only accepts that which is Tayyib. Allah has indeed commanded the believers with what He has commanded the Messengers, for He said: (O (you) Messengers! Eat of the Tayyibat and do righteous deeds. Verily, I am well-acquainted with what you do) (23:51), and: (O you who believe! Eat of the lawful things that We have provided you with) He then mentioned a man, (who is engaged in a long journey, whose hair is untidy and who is covered in dust, he raises his hands to the sky, and says, `O Lord! O Lord!' Yet, his food is from the unlawful, his drink is from the unlawful, his clothes are from the unlawful, and he was nourished by the unlawful, so how can it (his supplication) be accepted") It was also recorded by Muslim and At-Tirmidhi
After Allah mentioned how He has blessed His creatures by providing them with provisions, and after commanding them to eat from the pure things that He has provided them, He then stated that He has not prohibited anything for them, except dead animals. Dead animals are those that die before being slaughtered; whether they die by strangling, a violent blow, a headlong fall, the goring of horns or by being partly eaten by a wild animal. Dead animals of the sea are excluded from this ruling, as is explained later, Allah willing, as Allah said:
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ
(Lawful to you is (the pursuit of) watergame and its use for food) (5:96), and because of the Hadith about the whale recorded in the Sahih. The Musnad, Al-Muwatta' and the Sunan recorded the Prophet saying about the sea:
«هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ والْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُه»
(Its water is pure and its dead are permissible.)
Ash-Shafi`i, Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Ad-Daraqutni reported that Ibn `Umar said that the Prophet said:
«أُحِلَّ لَنَا مَيْتتَانِ وَدَمَانِ،السَّمَكُ وَالْجَرَادُ وَالْكَبِدُ وَالطِّحَال»
(We have been allowed two dead things and two bloody things: fish and locusts; and liver and spleen).
We will mention this subject again in Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapter 5 in the Qur'an), In sha' Allah (if Allah wills).
Issue: According to Ash-Shafi`i and other scholars, milk and eggs that are inside dead unslaughtered animals are not pure, because they are part of the dead animal. In one narration from him, Malik said that they are pure themselves, but become impure because of their location. Similarly, there is a difference of opinion over the cheeses (made with the milk) of dead animals. The popular view of the scholars is that it is impure, although they mentioned the fact that the Companions ate from the cheeses made by the Magians (fire worshippers). Hence, Al-Qurtubi commented: "Since only a small part of the dead animal is mixed with it, then it is permissible, because a minute amount of impurity does not matter if it is mixed with a large amount of liquid." Ibn Majah reported that Salman said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ was asked about butter, cheese and fur. He said:
«الْحَلَالُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَالْحَرَامُ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَمَا سَكَتَ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ مِمَّا عَفَا عَنْه»
(The allowed is what Allah has allowed in His Book and the prohibited is what Allah has prohibited in His Book. What He has not mentioned is a part of what He has pardoned.)
Allah has prohibited eating the meat of swine, whether slaughtered or not, and this includes its fat, either because it is implied, or because the term Lahm includes that, or by analogy. Similarly prohibited are offerings to other than Allah, that is what was slaughtered in a name other than His, be it for monuments, idols, divination, or the other practices of the time of Jahiliyyah. Al-Qurtubi mentioned that `A'ishah was asked about what non-Muslims slaughter for their feasts and then offer some of it as gifts for Muslims. She said, "Do not eat from what has been slaughtered for that day, (or feast) but eat from their vegetables."
The Prohibited is Allowed in Cases of Emergency
Then Allah permitted eating these things when needed for survival or when there are no permissible types of food available. Allah said:
فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلاَ عَادٍ
(But if one is forced by necessity without willful disobedience nor transgressing due limits), meaning, without transgression or overstepping the limits,
فَلاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ
(...then there is no sin on him.) meaning, if one eats such items, for,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Mujahid said, "If one is forced by necessity without willful disobedience nor transgressing the set limits. For example, if he didn't, then he would have to resort to highway robbery, rising against the rulers, or some other kinds of disobedience to Allah, then the permission applies to him. If one does so transgressing the limits, or continually, or out of disobedience to Allah, then the permission does not apply to him even if he is in dire need." The same was reported from Sa`id bin Jubayr. Sa`id and Muqatil bin Hayyan are reported to have said that without willful disobedience means, "Without believing that it is permissible." It was reported that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah:
غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلاَ عَادٍ
(. ..without willful disobedience nor transgressing) saying, "Without willful disobedience means eating the dead animal and not continuing to do so. Qatadah said:
غَيْرَ بَاغٍ
(without willful disobedience) "Without transgressing by eating from the dead animals, that is when the lawful is available."
Issue: When one in dire straits finds both ـ dead animals, and foods belong to other people which he could get without risking the loss of his hands or causing harm, then it is not allowed for him to eat the dead animals. Ibn Majah reported that `Abbad bin Shurahbil Al-Ghubari said, "One year we suffered from famine. I came to Al-Madinah and entered a garden. I took some grain that I cleaned, and ate, then I left some of it in my garment. The owner of the garden came, roughed me up and took possession of my garment. I then went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ and told him what had happened. He said to the man:
«مَا أَطْعَمْتَهُ إِذْ كَانَ جَائِعًا أَوْ سَاغِبًا وَلَا عَلَّمْتَهُ إِذْ كَانَ جَاهِلًا»
فَأَمَرَهُ فَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِ ثَوْبَهُ، فَأمَرَ لَهُ بِوَسْقٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ نِصْفِ وَسْقٍ.
(You have not fed him when he was hungry - or he said starving - nor have you taught him if he was ignorant.)
The Prophet commanded him to return `Abbad's garment to him, and to offer him a Wasq (around 180 kilograms) - or a half Wasq - of food
This has a sufficiently strong chain of narrators and there are many other witnessing narrations to support it, such as the Hadith that `Amr bin Shu`ayb narrated from his father that his grandfather said: Allah's Messenger ﷺ was asked about the hanging clusters of dates. He said:
«مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ بِفِيهِ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً،فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْه»
(There is no harm for whoever takes some of it in his mouth for a necessity without putting it in his garment.)
Muqatil bin Hayyan commented on:
فَلاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(...then there is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) "For what is eaten out of necessity." Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "Allah is pardoning for what has been eaten of the unlawful, and Merciful' in that He allowed the prohibited during times of necessity." Masruq said, "Whoever is in dire need, but does not eat or drink until he dies, he will enter the Fire." This indicates that eating dead animals for those who are in need of it for survival is not only permissible but required.
O you who believe eat of the good things that are lawful wherewith We have provided you and give thanks to God for what He has made lawful for you if it be Him that you worship.
O you who believe: if you are [true] affirmers of Oneness devoting worship exclusively to God, then do not, eat of, anything but, the good things wherewith We have provided you: in other words, those things provided which justfully ought to be used, and give thanks to God [if it be Him that you worship], by using them for their intended purpose in the proper manner and in the proper measure, for affirmation of Oneness entails paying attention moderation and justice in all things, as the essence entails its shadow and its concomitant. [It is reported] from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, that God, exalted be He, said: 'Verily I with humankind and the jinn are [involved] in an awesome tiding: I create, yet others are worshipped, and I provide, but others are thanked'.
O you who believe: if you are [true] affirmers of Oneness devoting worship exclusively to God, then do not, eat of, anything but, the good things wherewith We have provided you: in other words, those things provided which justfully ought to be used, and give thanks to God [if it be Him that you worship], by using them for their intended purpose in the proper manner and in the proper measure, for affirmation of Oneness entails paying attention moderation and justice in all things, as the essence entails its shadow and its concomitant. [It is reported] from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, that God, exalted be He, said: 'Verily I with humankind and the jinn are [involved] in an awesome tiding: I create, yet others are worshipped, and I provide, but others are thanked'.
O you who believe eat of the good things Ṭayyibāt wherewith We have provided you and give thanks to God if it be Him that you worship. The permitted ḥalāl is that for which there is no [bad] consequence. The good thing Ṭayyib is that thing whose blessing is not attributed to any created thing. When the servant finds something that combines these two qualities it is permitted and good. The true meaning of thankfulness to Him is that you do not take a breath in anything other than the pleasure of the Real so long as the energy given to you by that [permitted and good] food remains.
O you who believe eat of the good things Ṭayyibāt wherewith We have provided you and give thanks to God if it be Him that you worship. The permitted ḥalāl is that for which there is no [bad] consequence. The good thing Ṭayyib is that thing whose blessing is not attributed to any created thing. When the servant finds something that combines these two qualities it is permitted and good. The true meaning of thankfulness to Him is that you do not take a breath in anything other than the pleasure of the Real so long as the energy given to you by that [permitted and good] food remains.
يا أيها المؤمنون كلوا من الأطعمة المستلَذَّة الحلال التي رزقناكم، ولا تكونوا كالكفار الذين يحرمون الطيبات، ويستحِلُّون الخبائث، واشكروا لله نعمه العظيمة عليكم بقلوبكم وألسنتكم وجوارحكم، إن كنتم حقًا منقادين لأمره، سامعين مطيعين له، تعبدونه وحده لا شريك له.
يقول تعالى آمرا عباده المؤمنين بالأكل من طيبات ما رزقهم تعالى وأن يشكروه تعالى على ذلك إن كانوا عبيده والأكل من الحلال سبب لتقبل الدعاء والعبادة كما أن الأكل من الحرام يمنع قبول الدعاء والعبادة كما جاء في الحديث الذي رواه الإمام أحمد حدثنا أبو النضر حدثنا الفضيل بن مرزوق عن عدي بن ثابت عن أبي حازم عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "أيها الناس إن الله طيب لا يقبل إلا طيبا وإن الله أمر المؤمنين بما أمر به المرسلين فقال "يا أيها الرسل كلوا من الطيبات واعملوا صالحا إني بما تعملون عليم" وقال يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم ثم ذكر الرجل يطيل السفر أشعث أغبر يمد يديه إلى السماء يا رب يا رب ومطعمه حرام ومشربه حرام وملبسه حرام وغذي بالحرام فأنى يستجاب لذلك؟ "ورواه مسلم في صحيحه والترمذي من حديث فضيل بن مرزوق.
الطيبات من الأطعمة : المستلذات ، ويجوز حملها على ما طاب من الرزق بتحليل الله له .وما رزقناكم : ما أوصلناه إليكم من الرزق - وهو ما ينتفع به .أي : يا من آمنتم بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر كلوا من ألوان الطيبات التي أحللناها لكم ، ولا تتعرضوا لما حرمناه عليكم .وكان الخطاب هنا للمؤمنين خاصة ، لأنهم أحق بالفهم ، وأجدر بالعلم وأححرى بالاهتداء ، وأولى بالتكريم والتشريف .ومفعول ( كُلُواْ ) محذوف ، أي : كلوا رزقكم حال كونه بعض طيبات ما رزقناكم .ثم أمرهم - سبحانه - بشكره على هذه الطيبات التي أباحها لهم فقال : ( واشكروا للَّهِ إِن كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ )وهذه الجملة الكريمة معطوفة على جملة ( كُلُواْ ) .والشكر : هو الاعتراف بالنعمة مع ضرب من التعظيم لموجدها ، ووضعها في الموضع الذي أمر به .أي : تمتعوا بنعم الله ، واعترفوا له بها على وجه التعظيم ، بأن تمتثلوا ما أمر به ، وتجتنبوا ما نهى عنه ، إن كنتم تخصونه بالعبادة حقاً ، وتفردونه بالطاعة صدقاً .قال الآلوسي : وجملة ( إِن كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ ) بمنزلة التعليل لطلب الشكر ، كأنه قيل : " واشكروا له لأنكم تخصونه بالعبادة ، وتخصيصكم إياه بالعبادة ، يدل على أنكم تريدون عبادة كاملة تليق بكبريائه ، وهي لا تتم إلا بالشكر ، لأنه من أجل العبادات " .وجواب الشرط محذوف دل عليه المذكور والتقدير : إن كنتم إياه تعبدون فكلوا واشكروا لله .وقال - تعالى - ( وَمَن يَشْكُرْ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ الله غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ ) وفي الحديث الصحيح الذي رواه البخاري أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " الطاعم الشاكر بمنزلة الصائم الصابر " وروى الإِمام مسلم في صحيحه عن أنس بن مالك عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " إن الله ليرضى عن العبد أن يأكل الأكلة فيحمده عليها ، أو يشرب الشربة فيحمده عليها " .قال صاحب المنار : قال الأستاذ الإِمام : لا يفهم هذه الآية حق فهمهما إلا من كان عارفاً بتاريخ الملل عند ظهور الإِسلام وقبله ، فإن المشركين وأهل الكتاب كانوا فرقاً وأصنافاً ، منهم من حرم على نفسه أشياء معينة بأجناسها أو أصنافهم كالبحيرة والسائبة عند العرب ، وكبعض الحيوانا عند غيرهم وكان المذهب الشائع في النصارى أن أقرب ما يتقرب به إلى الله - تعالى - تعذيب النفس ، وحرمانها من الطيبات المستلذة ، واحتقار الجسد ولوازمه ، واعتقاد أنه لا حياة للروح إلا بذلك . . . ثم قال : وقد تفضل الله على هذه الأمة بأن جعلها أمة وسطاً تعطى الجسد حقه والروح حقها ، فأحل لنا الطيبات لتتسع دائرة نعمه الجسدية علينا ، وأمرنا بالشكر عليها ليكون لنا منها فوائد روحانية عقلية ، فلم نكن جسمانيين محضاً كالأنعام ، ولا روحانيين خلصاً كالملائكة ، وإنما جعلنا أناسي كملة بهذه الشريعة المعتدلة ، فله الحمد والشكر والثناء الحسن .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (172)قال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بقوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا "، يا أيها الذين صدَّقوا الله ورسوله, وأقروا لله بالعبودية, وأذعنوا له بالطاعة، كما:-2467- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا أبو زهير، عن جويبر, عن الضحاك في قوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا "، يقول: صدَّقوا.* * *" كلوا من طيبات ما رَزَقناكم "، يعني: اطعَموا من حَلال الرزق الذي أحللناهُ لكم, فطاب لكم بتحليلي إياه لكم، مما كنتم تحرِّمونَ أنتم، ولم أكن حرمته عليكم، من المطاعم والمشارب." واشكروا لله "، يقول: وأثنوا على الله بما هو أهله منكم، على النعم التي رزقكم وَطيَّبها لكم." إن كنتم إياه تعبدون "، يقول: إن كنتم منقادين لأمره سامعين مطيعين, فكلوا مما أباح لكم أكله وحلله وطيَّبه لكم, ودعوا في تحريمه خطوات الشيطان.وقد ذكرنا بعض ما كانوا في جاهليتهم يحرِّمونه من المطاعم, وهو الذي ندبهم إلى أكله ونهاهم عن اعتقاد تحريمه, إذْ كان تحريمهم إياه في الجاهلية طاعةً منهم للشيطان، واتباعًا لأهل الكفر منهم بالله من الآباء والأسلاف. ثم بيّن لهم تعالى ذكره ما حرَّم عليهم, وفصَّله لهم مُفسَّرًا. (21)------------------الهوامش :(21) في المطبوعة : "وفصل لهم" ، والصواب ما أثبت . وهذا الذي قاله هنا برهان آخر على أن أبا جعفر قد اضطرب في قصة هذه الآيات ، فهو قد عاد وجعل بعض الآيات السالفة ، في مشركي العرب في جاهليتهم ، كما ترى ، وهو بين أيضًا في تفسيرة الآية التالية . انظر ص : 314 ، تعليق : 1 .
قوله تعالى ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ) حلالات ( ما رزقناكم )أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي أخبرنا أبو محمد عبد الرحمن بن أبي شريح أخبرنا أبو القاسم عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد العزيز البغوي أخبرنا علي بن الجعد أخبرنا فضيل بن مرزوق عن عدي بن ثابت عن أبي حازم عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : يا أيها الناس إن الله طيب لا يقبل إلا الطيب وإن الله أمر المؤمنين بما أمر به المرسلين فقال : " يا أيها الرسل كلوا من الطيبات واعملوا صالحا " ( 51 - المؤمنون ) وقال ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم ) ثم ذكر الرجل يطيل السفر أشعث أغبر يمد يده إلى السماء يا رب يا رب ومطعمه حرام ومشربه حرام وملبسه حرام وغذي بالحرام فأنى يستجاب لذلك " ( واشكروا لله ) على نعمه ( إن كنتم إياه تعبدون ) ثم بين المحرمات فقال
اعتراض بخطاب المسلمين بالامتنان عليهم بإباحة ما في الأرض من الطيبات ، جَرَّت إليه مناسبة الانتقال ، فقد انتُقل من توبيخ أهل الشرك على أن حَرَّموا ما خلقه الله من الطيبات إلى تحذير المسلمين من مثل ذلك مع بيان ما حُرِّم عليهم من المطعومات ، وقد أعيد مضمون الجملة المتقدمة جملة { يأيها الناس كلوا مما في الأرض } [ البقرة : 168 ] بمضمون جملة { يأيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم } ليكون خطاب المسلمين مستقلاً بنفسه ، ولهذا كان الخطاب هنا بيأيها الذين آمنوا ، والكلام على الطيبات تقدم قريباً .وقوله : { واشكروا لله } معطوف على الأمر بأكل الطيبات الدال على الإباحة والامتنان ، والأمر في { اشكروا } للوجوب لأن شكر المنعم واجب . وتقدم وجه تعدية فعل الشكر بحرف اللام عند قوله تعالى : { واشكروا لي } [ البقرة : 152 ] .والعدول عن الضمير إلى الاسم الظاهر لأن في الاسم الظاهر إشعاراً بالإلاهية فكأنه يومِىء إلى ألاَّ تشكر الأصنام؛ لأنها لم تَخلُق شيئاً مما على الأرض باعتراف المشركين أنفسهم فلا تستحق شكراً . وهذا من جعل اللقب ذا مفهوم بالقرينة؛ إذ الضمير لا يصلح لِذلك إلاّ في مواضع . ولذلك جاء بالشرط فقال : { إن كنتم إياه تعبدون } أي اشكروه على ما رزقكم إن كنتم ممن يتصف بأنه لا يعبد إلاّ الله أي إن كنتم هذا الفريق وهذه سجيتكم ، ومن شأن كان إذا جاءت وخبرها جملة مضارعية أن تدل على الاتصاف بالعنوان لا على الوقوع بالفعل مثل قوله : { إن كنتم للرؤيا تعبرون } [ يوسف : 43 ] أي إن كان هذا العلم من صفاتكم ، والمعنى إن كنتم لا تشركون معه في العبادة غيره فاشكروه وحده . فالمراد بالعبادة هنا الاعتقاد بالإلاهية والخضوع والاعتراف وليس المراد بها الطاعات الشرعية . وجواب الشرط محذوف أغني عنه ما تقدم من قوله { واشكروا } .
هذا أمر للمؤمنين خاصة, بعد الأمر العام, وذلك أنهم هم المنتفعون على الحقيقة بالأوامر والنواهي, بسبب إيمانهم, فأمرهم بأكل الطيبات من الرزق, والشكر لله على إنعامه, باستعمالها بطاعته, والتقوي بها على ما يوصل إليه، فأمرهم بما أمر به المرسلين في قوله { يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا } فالشكر في هذه الآية, هو العمل الصالح، وهنا لم يقل " حلالا "" لأن المؤمن أباح الله له الطيبات من الرزق خالصة من التبعة، ولأن إيمانه يحجزه عن تناول ما ليس له. وقوله { إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ } أي: فاشكروه، فدل على أن من لم يشكر الله
قوله تعالى : يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم واشكروا لله إن كنتم إياه تعبدونهذا تأكيد للأمر الأول ، وخص المؤمنين هنا بالذكر تفضيلا . والمراد بالأكل الانتفاع من جميع الوجوه . وقيل : هو الأكل المعتاد . وفي صحيح مسلم عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : أيها الناس إن الله تعالى طيب لا يقبل إلا طيبا وإن الله أمر المؤمنين بما أمر به المرسلين فقال يا أيها الرسل كلوا من الطيبات واعملوا صالحا إني بما تعملون عليم وقال : يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيبات ما رزقناكم ثم ذكر الرجل يطيل السفر أشعث أغبر يمد يديه إلى السماء يا رب يا رب ومطعمه حرام ومشربه حرام وملبسه حرام وغذي بالحرام فأنى يستجاب لذلك . واشكروا لله إن كنتم إياه تقدم معنى الشكر فلا معنى للإعادة .
Human beings should feel thankful and obedient to God while eating food and drinking water. They should express themselves thus, ‘In accordance with God’s commandment, we are eating and drinking what God has provided us with.’ These emotions evoke in a man the feeling of true devotion to his Maker. But this psychological make-up changes in the case of self-styled beliefs. In that case man’s attention is diverted to the supposed properties of the things he consumes. Therefore, the same divine blessing which is meant to produce feelings of thanksgiving, evoke instead feelings of veneration for material objects. Under the influence of such false beliefs, man comes to accord the position of Creator to the created. If something is held unlawful by God, it is not owing to the sacredness of that thing but rather because it is something impure or the divine law has testified to its uncleanness, e.g. carrion, blood, swine or an animal sacrificed in the name of some idol instead of in the name of God. In cases of extreme necessity where a man’s life may be at stake, he may eat food otherwise forbidden, for instance when suffering extreme hunger and when no other food is available, or in illness, or other such circumstances as may compel him to do so. However, it is essential that such forbidden food should not be taken simply for the pleasure of the palate. That is, one must remain within the bare limits of necessity.
Earlier, the aim was to correct the error made by the mushrikin مشرکین when they made unlawful what was good and permissible. Now, in the present Verse (172), the believers are being warned against falling into the same error. As a corollary, they are reminded of Allah's blessings and are taught to be grateful to Him.
Later, in Verse 173 it is said that the prohibited must remain prohibited and should never be treated as lawful, something the mushrikin used to do when they ate carrion or animals slaughtered in a name other than that of Allah. Also implied is the warning that it is an error to declare any animal, other than those specified, as unlawful.
Comments on juristic details follow.
The effects of eating Halal حلال and Haram حرام
Verse 172 forbids eating that which is Karam and along with it, allows eating that which is halal in all gratefulness to Allah. The reason is that the act of eating haram promotes evil instincts, kills the taste of ` ibadah and makes the prayers ineffective. In contrast, eating halal generates inner light, creates a distaste for evil deeds, leads towards high morals, and creates a state in which the heart welcomes ` ibadah and finds the very thought of sin sickening and of course, prayers are answered. Therefore, Allah Almighty has told all his prophets to eat from what is good and do what is righteous:
یأَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًاً
0 Messengers, eat of the good things and do the righteous. (23:51)
This shows that eating and using what is halal حلال plays a vital role in doing what is good and virtuous. Similarly, living by the halal حلال helps the chances of a prayer being answered while living by the haram حرام kills those chances. The Holy Prophet has said that there are many people, tired and distressed, who stretch their hands in prayer before Allah fervently calling '0 Lord, 0 Lord, yet haram حرام is what they eat, haram حرام is what they drink and haram حرام is what they wear, how then, under these conditions, could they hope to have their prayers answered?' (The Sahih, Muslim, and Tirmidhi as quoted by Ibn Kathir)
Then Allah mentions the lawfulness of eating what is cultivated on the land and the meat of cattle, saying: (O ye who believe! Eat of the good things wherewith We have provided you) of the lawful things We have given you, (and render thanks to Allah) for it (if it is (indeed) He whom ye worship) it is also said that this means: if you really intend to worship Allah by declaring these to be unlawful, then do not declare them unlawful, for to worship Allah entails that you declare them to be lawful.
O you who believe eat of the good things that are lawful wherewith We have provided you and give thanks to God for what He has made lawful for you if it be Him that you worship.