The Pilgrimage — Verse 10

Clarifying the State of the Leaders of the Innovators and Those Who lead People astray Allah has already told us about the ignorant imitators who are led astray: وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَـدِلُ فِى اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَـنٍ مَّرِيدٍ (And among mankind is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge, and follows every rebellious Shaytan.) And here He tells us about those who call others to misguidance, the leaders of disbelief and innovation: ومِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَـدِلُ فِى اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلاَ هُدًى وَلاَ كِتَـبٍ مُّنِيرٍ (And among men is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah).) meaning, with no correct rational thought, and no clear transmitted text; what they say is based only on their opinions and whims. Allah's saying, ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ (Bending his neck in pride,) Ibn `Abbas and others said, "Too proud to follow the truth when he is called to it." Mujahid, Qatadah and Malik said, narrating from Zayd bin Aslam: ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ (Bending his neck in pride,) means, twisting his neck, i.e., turning away from the truth to which he is called, bending his neck out of pride and arrogance. This is like the Ayat: وَفِى مُوسَى إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَـهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَـنٍ مُّبِينٍ فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ (And in Musa, when We sent him to Fir`awn with a manifest authority. But (Fir`awn) turned away along with his hosts) 51:38-39, وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْاْ إِلَى مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ وَإِلَى الرَّسُولِ رَأَيْتَ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنكَ صُدُوداً (And when it is said to them: "Come to what Allah has sent down and to the Messenger," you see the hypocrites turn away from you with aversion.) 4:61, وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْاْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَوَّوْاْ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَرَأَيْتَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ وَهُم مُّسْتَكْبِرُونَ (And when it is said to them: "Come, so that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ may ask forgiveness from Allah for you," they twist their heads, and you would see them turning away their faces in pride.) 63:5, And Luqman said to his son: وَلاَ تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ (And turn not your face away from men with pride) 31:18 meaning, do not turn away from them in an arrogant manner. And Allah says: وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـتُنَا وَلَّى مُسْتَكْبِراً (And when Our verses are recited to him, he turns away in pride) 31:7. لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ (and leading (others) too (far) astray from the path of Allah.) This either refers to those who are stubborn, or it means that the person who does this has been created like this so that he will be one of those who lead others astray from the path of Allah. Then Allah says: لَهُ فِى الدُّنْيَا خِزْىٌ (For him there is disgrace in this worldly life,) meaning, humiliation and shame, such as when he is too arrogant to heed the signs of Allah, so Allah will send humiliation upon him in this world and will punish him in this world, before he reaches the Hereafter, because this world is all he cares about and all he knows. وَنُذِيقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِذلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ (and on the Day of Resurrection We shall make him taste the torment of burning. That is because of what your hands have sent forth,) means, this will be said to him by way of rebuke. وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّـمٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ (and verily, Allah is not unjust to the servants.) This is like the Ayah: خُذُوهُ فَاعْتِلُوهُ إِلَى سَوَآءِ الْجَحِيمِ - ثُمَّ صُبُّواْ فَوْقَ رَأْسِهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْحَمِيمِ - ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ - إِنَّ هَـذَا مَا كُنتُمْ بِهِ تَمْتَرُونَ ((It will be said: ) "Seize him and drag him into the midst of blazing Fire, Then pour over his head the torment of boiling water. Taste you (this)! Verily, you were (pretending to be) the mighty, the generous! Verily, this is that whereof you used to doubt!") 44:47-50

‘That is the chastisement for what your hands have sent ahead in other words what you have offered in the way of deeds — He refers to him with reference to the two hands as opposed to other parts because most actions are effected through them — and because God is not unjust to His servants’ chastising them without their having committed any sin.

ويقال له: ذلك العذاب بسبب ما فَعَلْتَ من المعاصي واكتسبت من الآثام، والله لا يعذب أحدًا بغير ذنب.

" ذلك بما قدمت يداك " أي يقال له هذا تقريعا وتوبيخا " وأن الله ليس بظلام للعبيد " كقوله تعالى " خذوه فاعتلوه إلى سواء الجحيم ثم صبوا فوق رأسه من عذاب الحميم ذق إنك أنت العزيز الكريم إن هذا ما كنتم به تمترون " وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا أحمد بن الصباح حدثنا يزيد بن هارون أنبأنا هشام عن الحسن قال بلغني أن أحدهم يحرق في اليوم سبعين ألف مرة.

وتقول له ملائكتنا وهى تصب عليه ألوان العذاب ( ذلك بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ ) أى : ذلك الذى تتذوقه من عذاب محرق سببه : جهلك وغرورك وإصرارك على الكفر ، وحرصك على إضلالك لغيرك .وأسند - سبحانه - سبب ما نزل بهذا الكافر من خزى وعذاب إلى يديه ، لأنهما الجارحتان اللتان يزاول بهما أكثر الأعمال .وقوله - سبحانه - ( وَأَنَّ الله لَيْسَ بِظَلاَّمٍ لِّلعَبِيدِ ) بيان لعدله - تعالى - مع عباده ، أى : وأن الله - تعالى - ليس بذى ظلم لعباده أصلاً ، حتى يعذبهم بدون ذنب ، بل هو عادل رحيم بهم ، ومن مظاهر عدله ورحمته أنه يضاعف الحسنات ، ويعاقب على السيئات ، ويعفو عن كثير من ذنوب عباده .

وقوله ( ذلك بما قدمت يداك ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: ويقال له إذا أذيق عذاب النار يوم القيامة: هذا العذاب الذي نذيقكه اليوم بما قدمت يداك في الدنيا من الذنوب والآثام ، واكتسبته فيها من الإجرام ( وأن الله ليس بظلام للعبيد ) يقول: وفعلنا ذلك لأن الله ليس بظلام للعبيد ، فيعاقب بعض عبيده على جُرْم ، وهو يغفر (1) مثله من آخر غيره، أو يحمل ذنب مذنب على غير مذنب ، فيعاقبه به ويعفو عن صاحب الذنب ، ولكنه لا يعاقب أحدا إلا على جرمه ، ولا يعذب أحدا على ذنب يغفر مثله لآخر إلا بسبب استحق به منه مغفرته.------------------------الهوامش:(1) في الأصل يعفو : وفي العبارة ارتباك ، توضيحه في آخر كلامه .

ويقال له ( ذلك بما قدمت يداك وأن الله ليس بظلام للعبيد ) فيعذبهم بغير ذنب وهو جل ذكره على أي وجه شاء تصرف في عبده فحكمه عدل وهو غير ظالم

ذَلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ (10)وجملة { ذلك بما قدمت يداك } مقول قول محذوف تدل عليه صيغة الكلام وهي جملة مستأنفة ، أو في موضع الحال من ضمير النصب في قوله تعالى { ونذيقه }.و { قدّمتْ } بمعنى : أسلفت . جعل كفره كالشيء الذي بعث به إلى دار الجزاء قبل أن يصِل هو إليها فوحده يوم القيامة حاضراً ينتظره قال تعالى : { ووجدوا ما عملوا حاضراً } [ الكهف : 49 ].والإشارة إلى العذاب والباءُ سببية . و ( ما ) موصولة . وعطف على ( ما ) الموصولة قوله تعالى : { وأن الله ليس بظلام للعبيد } لأنه في تأويل مصدر ، أي وبانتفاءِ ظلم الله العبيد ، أي ذلك العذاب مسبب لهذين الأمرين فصاحبه حقيق به لأنه جزاء فساده ولأنه أثر عدل الله تعالى وأنه لم يظلمه فيما أذاقه .وصيغة المبالغة تقتضي بظاهرها نفي الظلم الشديد ، والمقصود أن الظلم من حيث هو ظلم أمر شديد فيصغت له زنة المبالغة ، وكذلك التزمت في ذكره حيثما وقع في القرآن ، وقد اعتاد جمع من المتأخرين أن يجعلوا المبالغة راجعة للنفي لا للمنفي وهو بعيد .

وذلك بما قدمت يداه، { وَأَّن اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ }

ذلك بما قدمت يداك أي يقال له في الآخرة إذا دخل النار : ذلك العذاب بما قدمت يداك من المعاصي والكفر . وعبر باليد عن الجملة ؛ لأن اليد التي تفعل وتبطش للجملة . و ذلك بمعنى هذا ، كما تقدم في أول البقرة .

The Arabs had adopted polytheism in the erroneous belief that it was the Truth. When the Prophet’s call for belief in there being only the one God started shaking the faith of the idolators, those chiefs who had built their supremacy on the foundation of idolatory were perturbed, as they smelt danger. For the common man, the discarding of idolatory means only giving up the religion of his forefathers, while for a chief the destruction of idolatory amounts to the destruction of his supremacy. Therefore, in every age, the call for an uncorrupted faith is vehemently opposed by those who had built up and maintained their leadership on the strength of adulterated religion. Such people indulge in unnecessary arguments against the call to Truth and the giver of that call. They make all-out efforts to see that the people under their influence become suspicious of such a call, so that they will remain within the fold of their traditional religions as a matter of course. They thus oppose the Truth in order to maintain the false prestige and the supremacy which they had established on the basis of their self-made religion. They are more interested in themselves than in the Truth. Such people are the worst culprits in the eyes of God. On the Day of Judgement, nothing short of disgrace, humiliation and punishment will be their unmitigated fate.

ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ (Turning his side away - 22:5) The word عِطْفِ ` itf means ` side of the body', and the expression means ` to turn on one's side' - in other words ` to oppose'.

(This) killing and shackling on the Day of Badr (is for that which thy two hands have sent before) is because of what your two hands did in your state of idolatry; Allah's words from: (And among mankind is he who disputeth concerning Allah without knowledge or guidance�) to (This is for that which your two hands have sent before) were revealed about al-Nadr Ibn al-Harth, (and because Allah is no oppressor of His slaves) such that He would punish them without them having committed any crime.