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وَمَا كُنتَ تَرۡجُوۤا۟ أَن یُلۡقَىٰۤ إِلَیۡكَ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبُ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ مِّن رَّبِّكَۖ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ ظَهِیرࣰا لِّلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ ۝٨٦
wamā kunta tarjū an yul'qā ilayka l-kitābu illā raḥmatan min rabbika falā takūnanna ẓahīran lil'kāfirīn
The Story, Stories, The Narrative / al-Qasas (28:86)
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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You yourself could not have expected the Scripture to be sent to you; it came only as a mercy from your Lord. So give no help to the disbelievers
wamā kunta tarjū an yul'qā ilayka l-kitābu illā raḥmatan min rabbika falā takūnanna ẓahīran lil'kāfirīn

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Qur'an Tools

Tafsir Commentary

The Command to convey the Message of Tawhid Here Allah commands His Messenger to convey the Message and recite the Qur'an to people. He tells him that he will be brought back to the return, which is the Day of Resurrection, where he will be asked about the prophethood he was entrusted with. So Allah says: إِنَّ الَّذِى فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْءَانَ لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ (Verily, He Who has given you the Qur'an, will surely bring you back to the return.) meaning, `the One Who has commanded you to put it into practice among mankind,' لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ (will surely bring you back to the return.) `On the Day of Resurrection, where He will question you concerning that,' as Allah said: فَلَنَسْـَلَنَّ الَّذِينَ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَنَسْـَلَنَّ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (Then surely, We shall question those to whom it was sent and verily, We shall question the Messengers.) (7:6) Allah said: يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ فَيَقُولُ مَاذَآ أُجِبْتُمْ (On the Day when Allah will gather the Messengers together and say to them: "What was the response you received") (5:109). And He said: وَجِـىءَ بِالنَّبِيِّيْنَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ (and the Prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward) (39: 69) In his Tafsir of his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah: لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ (will surely bring you back to the return.) "To Makkah." This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir in his Sunan, and by Ibn Jarir. Al-`Awfi also reported from Ibn `Abbas that the phrase: لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ (will surely bring you back to the return.) means, "will surely bring you back to Makkah as He brought you out of it." Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded that Mujahid commented on: لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ (will surely bring you back to the return.) He said, "Back to your place of birth in Makkah." Ibn `Abbas is also reported to have interpreted it variously referring to death, to the Day of Resurrection which will come after death, and to Paradise which will be his reward and his destiny for putting the Message of Allah into practice and conveying it to the humans and Jinns, and because he is the most perfect, most eloquent and most noble of all the creation of Allah. Allah's saying: قُل رَّبِّى أَعْلَمُ مَن جَآءَ بِالْهُدَى وَمَنْ هُوَ فِى ضَلَـلٍ مُّبِينٍ (Say: "My Lord is Aware of him who brings guidance, and of him who is in manifest error.") means: "Say, O Muhammad, to those among your people who oppose you and disbelieve you, among the idolators and those who follow them in their disbelief, `My Lord knows best which of us, you or I, is rightly guided, and you will come to know for which of us will be the (happy) end in the Hereafter, and for which of us will be a good end and victory in this world and in the Hereafter'." Then Allah reminds His Prophet the numerous blessings He granted to him and mankind by virtue of sending him to them: وَمَا كُنتَ تَرْجُو أَن يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبُ (And you were not expecting that the Book would be sent down to you,) `Before the revelation was sent down to you, you did not expect that revelation would be sent down to you.' وَلَـكِن رَّحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ (but it is a mercy from your Lord.) means, `but revelation has been sent down to you from Allah as a mercy to you and to mankind because of you. Since Allah has granted you this great blessing,' فَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ ظَهيراً (So never be a supporter) i.e., a helper, لِلْكَـفِرِينَ (of the disbelievers.) rather, separate from them, `express your hostility towards them and oppose them. ' وَلاَ يَصُدُّنَّكَ عَنْ ءَايَـتِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ إِذْ أُنزِلَتْ إِلَيْكَ (And let them not turn you away from the Ayat of Allah after they have been sent down to you.) meaning, `Do not let their opposition to you affect you or put people off from following your way; do not worry about that or pay any attention to it, for Allah will make your word supreme, will support your religion and will make the Message with which He has sent you prevail over all other religions.' So He says: وَادْعُ إِلَى رَبِّكَ (and invite to your Lord) to worship your Lord Alone, with no partners or associates, وَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكَينَ (and be not of idolators.) وَلاَ تَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهاً ءَاخَرَ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ (And invoke not any other god along with Allah, there is no God but Him.) means, it is not appropriate to worship anything or anybody except Him, and divinity does not befit any except His glory. كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلاَّ وَجْهَهُ (Everything will perish save His Face.) Here Allah is telling us that He is Eternal, Ever Lasting, Ever Living, Self-Sustaining, Who, although His creation dies, He will never die, as He says: كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ - وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلْـلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ (Whatsoever is on it will perish. And the Face of your Lord full of majesty and honor will remain forever.) (55:26-27). Allah used the word "Face" to refer to Himself, as He says here: كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلاَّ وَجْهَهُ (Everything will perish save His Face.) meaning, everything except Him. It was reported in the Sahih via Abu Salamah that Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «أَصْدَقُ كَلِمَةٍ قَالَهَا الشَّاعِرُ لَبِيدُ أَلَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَا خَلَا اللهَ بَاطِلُ » (The truest word of a poet was the saying of Labid - indeed everything except Allah is false.) لَهُ الْحُكْمُ (His is the decision,) means, dominion and control, and there is none who can reverse His judgement or decision. وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (and to Him you shall be returned.) means, on the Day when you will be brought back, and He will reward or punish you according to your deeds: if they are good, then you will be rewarded, and if they are bad, then you will be punished. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Qasas. To Allah be praise and blessings.
And you never expected that the Scripture the Qur’ān would be conferred on you; but it was conferred on you as a mercy from your Lord. So never be a supporter of the disbelievers in that religion of theirs to which they summon you.
وما كنت -أيها الرسول- تؤمِّل نزول القرآن عليك، لكن الله سبحانه وتعالى رحمك فأنزله عليك، فاشكر لله تعالى على نِعَمه، ولا تكوننَّ عونًا لأهل الشرك والضلال.
"وما كنت ترجو أن يلقى إليك الكتاب" أي ما كنت تظن قبل إنزال الوحي إليك أن الوحي ينزل عليك "ولكن رحمة من ربك" أي إنما أنزل الوحي عليك من الله من رحمته بك وبالعباد بسببك فإذا منحك بهذه النعمة العظيمة "فلا تكونن ظهيرا" أي معينا "للكافرين" ولكن فارقهم ونابذهم وخالفهم.
ثم ذكره - سبحانه - بنعمة اختصاصه بالنبوة وحمل الرسالة ، فقال : ( وَمَا كُنتَ ترجوا أَن يلقى إِلَيْكَ الكتاب إِلاَّ رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ ) .أى : وما كنت - أيها الرسول الكريم - قبل وحينا إليك بالرسالة ، تتوقع أو تظن أننا سنكلفك بها ، لكننا كلفناك بها وشرفناك بحملها رحمة منها بالناس فأنت الرحمة المهداة والنعمة المسداة إليهم ، لإخراجهم من ظلمات الكفر إلى نور الإيمان .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ إِلا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلا تَكُونَنَّ ظَهِيرًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ (86)يقول تعالى ذكره: وما كنت ترجو يا محمد أن ينـزل عليك هذا القرآن, فتعلم الأنباء والأخبار عن الماضين قبلك, والحادثة بعدك, مما لم يكن بعد, مما لم تشهده ولا تشهده, ثم تتلو ذلك على قومك من قريش, إلا أن ربك رحمك, فأنـزله عليك, فقوله: ( إِلا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ) استثناء منقطع.وقوله: ( فَلا تَكُونَنَّ ظَهِيرًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ ) يقول: فاحمد ربك على ما أنعم به عليك من رحمته إياك, بإنـزاله عليك هذا الكتاب, ولا تكوننّ عونا لمن كفر بربك على كفره به. وقيل: إن ذلك من المؤخَّر الذي معناه التقديم, وإن معنى اللام: إن الذي فرض عليك القرآن, فأنـزله عليك, وما كنت ترجو أن ينـزل عليك, فتكون نبيا قبل ذلك, لرادّك إلى معاد.
قوله تعالى : ( وما كنت ترجو أن يلقى إليك الكتاب ) أي : يوحى إليك القرآن ( إلا رحمة من ربك ) قال الفراء : هذا من الاستثناء المنقطع ، معناه : لكن ربك رحمك فأعطاك القرآن ( فلا تكونن ظهيرا للكافرين ) أي : معينا لهم على دينهم . قال مقاتل : وذلك حين دعي إلى دين آبائه فذكر الله نعمه ونهاه عن مظاهرتهم على ما هم عليه .
وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ ظَهِيرًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ (86) وَمَا كُنتَ ترجوا أَن يلقى إِلَيْكَ الكتاب إِلاَّ رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ } .عطف على جملة : { إن الذي فرض عليك القرآن } [ القصص : 85 ] الخ باعتبار ما تضمنته من الوعد بالثواب الجزيل أو بالنصر المبين ، أي كما حملك تبليغ القرآن فكان ذلك علامة على أنه أعد لك الجزاء بالنصر في الدنيا والآخرة . كذلك إعطاؤه إياك الكتاب عن غير ترقب منك بل بمحض رحمة ربك ، أي هو كذلك في أنه علامة لك على أن الله لا يترك نصرك على أعدائك فإنه ما اختارك لذلك إلا لأنه أعد لك نصراً مبيناً وثواباً جزيلاً .وهذا أيضاً من دلالة الجملة على معنى غير مصرح به بل على معنى تعريضي بدلالة موقع الجملة .وإلقاءُ الكتاب إليه وحيه به إليه . أطلق عليه اسم الإلقاء على وجه الاستعارة كما تقدم في قوله تعالى : { فألقوا إليهم القول إنكم لكاذبون وألقوا إلى الله يومئذ السلم } في سورة [ النحل : 86 - 87 ] .والاستثناء في { إلا رحمة من ربك } استثناء منقطع لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يخامر نفسه رجاء أن يبعثه الله بكتاب من عنده بل كان ذلك مجرد رحمة من الله تعالى به واصطفاء له .{ مِّن رَّبِّكَ فَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ } { ظَهيراً للكافرين * وَلاَ يَصُدُّنَّكَ عَنْ ءايات الله بَعْدَ إِذْ أُنزِلَتْ إِلَيْكَ وادع إلى رَبِّكَ وَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ .تفريع على جملة { إن الذي فرض عليك القرآن } [ القصص : 85 ] وما عطف عليها وما تخلل بينهما مما اقتضى جميعه الوعد بنصره وظهور أمره وفوزه في الدنيا والآخرة ، وأنه جاء من الله إلى قوم هم في ضلال مبين ، وأن الذي رحمه فآتاه الكتاب على غير ترقب منه لا يجعل أمره سُدًى فأُعقب ذلك بتحذيره من أدنى مظاهرة للمشركين فإن فعل الكون لما وقع في سياق النهي وكان سياق النهي مثل سياق النفي لأن النهي أخو النفي في سائر تصاريف الكلام كان وقوع فعل الكون في سياقه مفيداً تعميم النهي عن كل كون من أكوان المظاهرة للمشركين .والظهير : المعين . والمظاهرة : المعاونة ، وهي مراتب أعلاها النصرة وأدناها المصانعة والتسامح ، لأن في المصانعة على المرغوب إعانة لراغبه . فلما شمل النهي جميع أكوان المظاهرة لهم اقتضى النهي عن مصانعتهم والتسامح معهم ، وهو يستلزم الأمر بضد المظاهرة فيكون كناية عن الأمر بالغلظة عليهم كصريح قوله تعالى { واغلُظْ عليهم } [ التوبة : 73 ] . وهذا المعنى يناسب كون هذه الآيات آخر ما نزل قبل الهجرة وبعد متاركته المشركين ومغادرته البلد الذي يعمرونه .وقيل النهي للتهييج لإثارة غضب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عليهم وتقوية داعي شدته معهم . ووجه تأويل النهي بصرْفِه عن ظاهره أو عن بعض ظاهره هو أن المنهي عنه لا يُفرض وقوعه من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى يُنهى عنه فكان ذلك قرينة على أنه مُؤوّل .وتوجيه النهي إليه عن أن يصدوه عن آيات الله في قوله { ولا يصدّنّك عن آيات الله } كناية عن نهيه عن أن يتقبل منهم ما فيه صد عن آيات الله كما يقول العرب : لا أعرفنّك تفعل كذا ، كنوا به عن : أنه لا يفعله . فيعرف المتكلم الناهي فعله . والمقصود : تحذير المسلمين من الركون إلى الكافرين في شيء من شؤون الإسلام فإن المشركين يحاولون صرف المسلمين عن سماع القرآن { وقال الذين كفروا لا تسمعوا لهذا القرآن والغَوْا فيه لعلكم تغلبون } [ فصلت : 26 ] .وقيل هو للتهييج أيضاً ، وتأويل هذا النهي آكد من تأويل قوله { فلا تكونن ظهيراً للكافرين } .
{ وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ } أي: لم تكن متحريا لنزول هذا الكتاب عليك، ولا مستعدا له، ولا متصديا. { إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ } بك وبالعباد، فأرسلك بهذا الكتاب، الذي رحم به العالمين، وعلمهم ما لم يكونوا يعلمون، وزكاهم وعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة، وإن كانوا من قبل لفي ضلال مبين، فإذا علمت أنه أنزل إليك رحمة منه، [علمت] أن جميع ما أمر به ونهى عنه، فإنه رحمة وفضل من اللّه، فلا يكن في صدرك حرج من شيء منه، وتظن أن مخالفه أصلح وأنفع.{ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ ظَهِيرًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ } أي: معينا لهم على ما هو من شعب كفرهم، ومن جملة مظاهرتهم، أن يقال في شيء منه، إنه خلاف الحكمة والمصلحة والمنفعة.
قوله تعالى : وما كنت ترجو أن يلقى إليك الكتاب أي ما علمت أننا نرسلك إلى الخلق وننزل عليك القرآن إلا رحمة من ربك قال الكسائي : هو استثناء منقطع بمعنى ( لكن ) فلا تكونن ظهيرا للكافرين أي عونا لهم ومساعدا وقد تقدم في هذه السورة .
The Prophet’s cause is in every way God’s cause. Prophethood is voluntarily given to him by God without any request on his part. Throughout his entire existence he remains steadfast in adhering to the Truth. He is appointed to announce the plain, unvarnished Truth, even if it is unpleasant to people. He is destined to reach his appointed goal and no impediment shall bar his path. After the Prophet, the same will hold true for those who rise, in conformity with the Prophet, as missionaries of Truth. To the extent that they resemble the Prophet in conduct, they will go on being entitled to succour promised by God to His prophets in His Book.
Commentary إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَ‌ضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْ‌آنَ لَرَ‌ادُّكَ إِلَىٰ مَعَادٍ (Surely the One who has enjoined the Qur’ an upon you will surely bring you back to a place of return. - 28:85). At the end of Surah these verses were revealed to console the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and to make him firm in his mission as a messenger. These verses are relevant to the previous verses in that in this Surah, Allah Ta’ ala has narrated in detail the story of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) with the Pharaoh, his enmity with Bani Isra'il, their fear of him and how he overpowered the people of the Pharaoh. Since the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ faced a similar situation in that he was harassed, and plans were made to kill him, the lives of Muslims were made miserable in Makkah, but following His (Allah) old tradition, Allah graced them with victory over all of them. He finally gifted the Muslims possession of Makkah, from where they were made to vacate. الَّذِي فَرَ‌ضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْ‌آنَ (The One who has enjoined the Qur’ an upon you - 28:85). It means that the Lord of the universe who has made it obligatory on you to recite, teach and act on it, will take you back to Ma` ad, which lexically means 'a place of return'. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has explained that Ma` ad in this verse refers to Makkah, as reported in Sahih al-Bukhari. So, the meaning of the sentence is that although the Holy Prophet ﷺ would have to leave his hometown, especially the Haram for a short while, he would be brought back in Makkah by Allah Ta’ ala, who had revealed the Qur'an on him, and had made it obligatory to act upon it. The Imam of tafsir, Muqatil, has narrated that during the Hijrah (emigration) from Makkah to Madinah, the Holy Prophet ﷺ came out from the cave of Thaur at night, and by passing the conventional route, treaded the unfamiliar paths, because the enemies were pursuing him. When he reached Juhfah, which was a well-known place on the way to Madinah near Rabigh, and where the conventional route to Madinah separates from that of Makkah, at that time he glanced back toward the route of Makkah and remembered his hometown. On that moment, Jibra'l (علیہ السلام) descended with this verse, in which he was given the good tiding that separation from Makkah was temporary and he would return there soon. That was in fact the advance news of the victory of Makkah. It is in this background that Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has observed in a narration that this verse was revealed in Juhfah, and that it is neither Makki nor Madani. (Qurtubi). Qur’ an is a means of victory over enemies and of one's success in his objectives While promising to the Holy Prophet ﷺ that he will be brought back by Allah to his hometown which will be conquered by him, Allah Ta’ ala has made a special reference to Himself as 'the One who has enjoined the Qur’ an on him'. This reference contains a hint to the fact that recitation of Qur’ an and acting on its injunctions would actually be the cause of the Divine help and manifest victory.
(Thou hadst no hope) O Muhammad (that the Scripture would be inspired in thee) that Gabriel would come down to you with the Qur'an and that you will be a prophet; (but it is a mercy from your Lord) but it is a blessing and honour from your Lord that He sent down Gabriel to you with the Qur'an, (so never be a helper to the disbelievers) by disbelieving.