The Romans, The Byzantines — Verse 37
30:37 · ar-Rum
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أَوَ لَمۡ یَرَوۡا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ یَبۡسُطُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِمَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیَقۡدِرُۚ إِنَّ فِی ذَ ٰلِكَ لَءَایَـٰتࣲ لِّقَوۡمࣲ یُؤۡمِنُونَ ٣٧
awalam yaraw anna l-laha yabsuṭu l-riz'qa liman yashāu wayaqdiru inna fī dhālika laāyātin liqawmin yu'minūn
The Romans, The Byzantines / ar-Rum (30:37)
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators
Multi-source connections
No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.
Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
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Q 11:10 (Hud)
cited by
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Q 30:32 (ar-Rum)
cited by
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah
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Ma'arif-ul-Quran 1 verse 2 mentions total
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged) 1 verse
Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.
Do they not see that God gives abundantly to whoever He will and sparingly [to whoever He will]? There truly are signs in this for those who believe
awalam yaraw anna l-laha yabsuṭu l-riz'qa liman yashāu wayaqdiru inna fī dhālika laāyātin liqawmin yu'minūn
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Tafsir Commentary
How man sways between Tawhid and Shirk, and between Joy and Despair, according to His Circumstances
Allah tells us that when man is in dire straits, he calls upon Allah alone with no partner or associate, then when times of ease come and they have the choice, some people associate others with Allah and worship others alongside Him.
لِيَكْفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءاتَيْنَـهُمْ
(So as to be ungrateful for the graces which We have bestowed on them.) Then Allah warns them by saying:
فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
(but you will come to know.) One of them said: By Allah, if a law enforcment officer were to say this to me, I would be afraid, so how about when the One Who is issuing the warning is the One Who merely says to a thing "Be!" and it is Then Allah denounces the idolators for fabricating lies and worshipping others instead of Him with no evidence or proof:
أَمْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَـناً
(Or have We revealed to them an authority,) means, proof.
فَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ
(which speaks) means, tells
بِمَا كَانُواْ بِهِ يُشْرِكُونَ
(of that which they have been associating with Him) This is a rhetorical question intended to denounce them, for they have no such thing.
وَإِذَآ أَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُواْ بِهَا وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ
(And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy, they rejoice therein; but when some evil afflicts them because of what their hands have sent forth, behold, they are in despair!) This is a denunciation of man for the way he is, except for those whom Allah protects and helps, for when man is given blessings, he is proud, and says:
ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ
("Ills have departed from me." Surely, he is exultant, and boastful.) (11:10) He rejoices over himself and boasts to others, but when difficulties befall him, He despairs of ever having anything good again. Allah says:
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ
(Except those who show patience and do righteous good deeds). They are patient during times of difficulty and do good deeds at times of ease. It was reported in the Sahih:
«عَجَبًا لِلْمُؤْمِنِ لَا يَقْضِي اللهُ لَهُ قَضَاءً إِلَّا كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ شَكَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ صَبَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَه»
(How wonderful is the affair of the believer. Allah does not decree anything for him but it is good for him. If good things happen to him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; and if bad things happen to him, he bears that with patience, and that is good for him.)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ
(Do they not see that Allah expands the provision for whom He wills and straitens (it for whom He wills).) He is the One Who is controlling and doing that, by His wisdom and justice, so He expands the provision for some people and restricts it for some.
إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
(Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe.)
Have they not seen have they not realised that God extends He makes abundant His provision to whomever He will as a test and straitens? and He restricts it for whomever He will as a trial? Surely in that there are signs for people who believe in them.
أولم يعلموا أن الله يوسع الرزق لمن يشاء امتحانًا، هل يشكر أو يكفر؟ ويضيِّقه على من يشاء اختبارًا، هل يصبر أو يجزع؟ إن في ذلك التوسيع والتضييق لآيات لقوم يؤمنون بالله ويعرفون حكمة الله ورحمته.
قوله تعالى "أو لم يروا أن الله يبسط الرزق لمن يشاء ويقدر" أي هو المتصرف الفاعل لذلك بحكمته وعدله فيوسع على قوم ويضيق على آخرين "إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يؤمنون".
ثم عقب - سبحانه - على أحوالهم هذه ، بالتعجيب من شأنهم ، وبالتقريع عليهم على جهلهم ، فقال : ( أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّ الله يَبْسُطُ الرزق لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ) .أى : أجهل هؤلاء الناس الذين لم يخالط الإِيمان قلوبهم ، ولم يشاهوا بأعينهم أن الله - تعالى - بمقتضى حكمته ، يسوع الرزق لمن يشاء من عباده . ويضيقه على من يشاء مهم ، لاراد لقضائه ، ولا معقب لحكمه ، ولا يسأل عما يفعل .إن واقع الناس يشهد ويعلن : أن الله - تعالى - يبسط الرزق لمن يشاء ويقدر ، فما لهؤلاء القوم ينكرون هذا الواقع بأفعالهم القبيحة ، حيث إنهم يبطرون عند السراء ، ويقنطون عند الضراء؟ فالمقصود بالآية الكريمة توبيخهم على عدم فهمهم لسنن الله فى خلقه .ثم ختم - سبحانه - الآية بقوله : ( إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ ) أى : إن فى ذلك الذى ذكرناه لكم من أحوال الناس ، ومن قدرتنا على كل شئ ( لآيَاتٍ ) واضحات ، وعبر بينات ، لقوم يؤمنون بما أرشدناهم إليه ، ويعلمون بما يقتضيه إيمانهم .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (37)يقول تعالى ذكره: أولم ير هؤلاء الذين يفرحون عند الرخاء يصيبهم والخصب، وييأسون من الفرج عند شدّة تنالهم، بعيون قلوبهم، فيعلموا أن الشدّة والرخاء بيد الله، وأن الله يبسط الرزق لمن يشاء من عباده فيوسعه عليه، ويقدر على من أراد فيضيقه عليه (إنَّ فِي ذلكَ لآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤمِنُونَ) يقول: إن في بسطه ذلك على من بسطه عليه، وقدره على من قدره عليه، ومخالفته بين من خالف بينه من عباده في الغنى والفقر، لدلالة واضحة لمن صدّق حجج الله وأقرّ بها إذا عاينها ورآها.
" أولم يروا أن الله يبسط الرزق لمن يشاء ويقدر إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يؤمنون ".
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآَيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (37)فجملة { أو لم يروا أن الله يبسط الرزق } الخ عطف على جملة { وإذا أذقنا الناس رحمة فرحوا بها } والاستفهام إنكاري في معنى النفي؛ أنكر عليهم عدم الرؤية تنزيلاً لرؤيتهم ذلك منزلة عدم الرؤية لإهمال آثارها من الاعتبار بها .فالتقدير : إذا هم يقنطون كيف لم يروا بسط الله الرزق وتقتيره كأنهم لم يروا ذلك . والرؤية بصرية .وجملة { إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يؤمنون } تذييل ، أي في جميع ما ذكر آيات كثيرة حاصلة كثرتها من اشتمال كل حالة من تلك الأحوال على أسباب خفية وظاهرة ، ومُسبباتها كذلك ، ومن تعدد أحوال الناس من الاعتبار بها والأخذ منها ، كل على حسب استعداده . وخص القوم المؤمنون بذلك لأنهم أعمق بصائر بما ارتاضت عليه أنفسهم من آداب الإيمان ومن نصب أنفسهم لطلب العلم والحكمة من علوم الدين وحكمة النبوءة .
{ أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ } فالقنوط بعد ما علم أن الخير والشر من اللّه والرزق سعته وضيقه من تقديره ضائع ليس له محل. فلا تنظر أيها العاقل لمجرد الأسباب بل اجعل نظرك لمسببها ولهذا قال: { إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ } فهم الذين يعتبرون بسط اللّه لمن يشاء وقبضه، ويعرفون بذلك حكمة اللّه ورحمته وجوده وجذب القلوب لسؤاله في جميع مطالب الرزق.
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُأي يوسع الخير في الدنيا لمن يشاء أو يضيق ; فلا يجب أن يدعوهم الفقر إلى القنوط .إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍأي علامات وعبرا ودلالات .لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَبالله وبما جاءت به رسلهم .
A believer considers that both difficulties and ease come from God. Therefore, he turns towards God in good times and in bad. When in comfortable circumstances, he thanks God, and in adverse circumstances, he exercises patience. As opposed to this, one who denies the truth solely relies upon himself. So, when in easy circumstances, he is boastful. When his energies fail him, he is desperate, because he feels that he has reached the final limit. This is nature’s indication that the former type of mentality is the truly virtuous one, while the latter is improper and unworthy. One sign of a believer is that he spends his wealth for the pleasure of God. So, he shares his wealth with other needy persons who may or may not be his relatives. He spends his wealth to reap the benefits of the Hereafter and not to earn profits in this world like a usurer. A man’s creation, his being provided with the necessities of life day and night, his meeting death—all these events are so great that a universal power is required to bring them about. And no Being except the Creator of the Universe possesses such Universal powers. The fact is that the principle of the Oneness of God (monotheism) is its own proof and polytheism is its own contradiction.
مِنَ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا (Among those who split up religion and became sects - 30:32) that is, these disbelievers are those who have created a difference between Natural Faith and the true religion, or they have alienated themselves from the Natural Faith, as a result of which they are divided into different sects. شِيَعًا :Shiya'an is the plural of شِیعۃ shi` ah. A group of people following a leader is called shi ah. The fact is that the Natural Faith was based on the Oneness of Allah, by following which the entire human kind should have been one solid unit and one party. But it so happened that people split out from this unity and started following the personal views of their own leaders. Since the personal views and opinions of different people may always vary from person to person, different groups of people invented their own beliefs and religion. As a consequence, people were divided into various groups and sects, and the Shaitan made them believe that they were the only people on the right path كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ (Each group is happy with what it has before it - 30:32). That is, each group is happy and contended in its own beliefs and declare others being wrong, although they all are astray and treading the wrong path.
(See they not) were the disbelievers of Mecca not informed in the Book (that Allah enlargeth the provision) gives abundant wealth (for whom He will) and this could be a lure to his perdition, (and straiteneth (it for whom He will)) out of care for him. (Lo! Herein) in that which I have mentioned of enlargement and straitening (indeed are portents) signs and lessons (for folk who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an.